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He was a great leader of the people, and people loved and missed him.
He experienced many setbacks in his life, and it was not until after the Zunyi Conference that the party's leading position was determined.
Before the Long March, ** had experienced 3 major lows in life, and his mood and thoughts in adversity were integrated into 3 poems.
When people encounter setbacks, re-reading his work and understanding his situation may give them new motivation.
The poem was composed on the Chung Yeung Festival (October 11) in 1929.
It has been a very important and difficult year for him.
During the month of that year, ** led the Red Fourth Army to capture Longyan (Fujian).
Soon after, the Seventh Congress of the Red Fourth Army was held here.
At the meeting, he was elected to the post of secretary of the former enemy committee and was replaced by **.
He was also criticized for advocating guerrilla warfare as a "rogue doctrine", saying that he would eventually be as difficult to achieve as a big weapon like Huang Chao.
And *** emphasized that the party should lead the army, which was also called "patriarchy" and was opposed by his subordinates.
Overnight, he lost his leading positions in the party and the army and was sent to central Fujian to carry out local work.
The Red Fourth Army was established by *** and *** single-handedly, and it poured all its efforts into it, and now it is excluded and extremely sad.
To add insult to injury, he contracted a severe case of malaria during his activities in western Fujian, and it took him three months to recover.
During his illness, ** lived in the remote mountains of Hexi to recuperate, and his pseudonym was "Mr. Yang".
In mid-September, the Kuomintang army discovered the whereabouts of *** and, together with the reactionary militia groups, rushed here in two directions.
In the midst of the crisis, Su Yu led the Red Army and the Red Guards to fight against the enemy, buying him time to transfer.
At that time, ** was so sick that he could barely walk.
Fortunately, under the escort of a local farmer friend, he was carried to Shanghang and lived in a riverside building by the Tingjiang River.
When they arrived in Shanghang, the Eighth Congress of the Red Fourth Army had already ended, so they did not attend the meeting.
Due to the lack of preparation in the early stage, the conference did not achieve many useful results and failed to effectively unify the thinking in the army.
At this moment, ** and others are more aware that the Red Fourth Army is inseparable from *** militarily and politically
Although the problems within the party have not been resolved, ** and others have gathered together again.
When he was recuperating in Linjiang Tower, his old comrades-in-arms often came to visit him and chat with him about work and life.
**Living in the east wing room on the second floor of Linjiang Building, there are more than a dozen pots of chrysanthemums in the corridor outside the door.
It is the golden autumn, the chrysanthemums are in full bloom, and the fragrance is fragrant.
Looking out from the corridor, you can see the vast river scenery in the distance, the maple leaves are like fire, and it is a good autumn scenery.
On October 10 (the eighth day of the ninth lunar month), Fu Baicui, director of the Red Fourth Army Anti-Counter Committee, came to Linjiang Tower to visit
After chatting about work for a while, the two began to gossip and talk about poetry.
**Get up and look out the window, look at the blooming chrysanthemums, and ask:
Bai Cui, what time is it today? ”
Fu Baicui replied
Today is the eighth day of the ninth lunar month, and tomorrow is the Chung Yeung Festival. ”
** smiled and continued:
Looking at this chrysanthemum, I thought of Huangchao's 'Wait until September 8 in autumn, I will kill a hundred flowers after the flowers bloom'.
Back then, Huang Chao was able to compose this poem, and the goal was until Chang'an, and he was very ambitious. ”
He appreciated the sky-high arrogance revealed in Huang Chao's poems.
Then, the two talked about Shi Dakai of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom from the chrysanthemum poem of Huangchao.
In the end, the topic turned to the work in the Soviet area, and after a lot of talking, each gained something.
The next day, it was the Double Ninth Festival, perhaps inspired by yesterday's conversation, **In his spare time, he wrote this popular poem "Picking Mulberries and Chongyang":
Life is easy to grow old, and it is difficult to grow old. Now it is Chongyang, and the yellow flowers of the battlefield are extraordinarily fragrant.The annual autumn wind is strong, not like spring. It is better than spring, and the sky is frosty.
This poem is broad-minded, optimistic and open-minded, and I can't see the pathos and helplessness of being in adversity at that time.
Life is easy to grow old and difficult to grow old", contains a simple philosophical outlook, ** attitude towards adversity: time flies, everything will always pass, do not have to be confined to temporary setbacks and difficulties.
It is the infinite expectation and longing for the future, and such a mind cannot but be admired.
In late November, the CCP's "September Letter" reached *** here.
* affirmed the "armed secession of workers and peasants" and the basic principles of the construction of the Red Army, and justified the line he had previously proposed.
Immediately afterwards, ***, who had just recovered from a serious illness, returned to the Red Fourth Army to preside over the work at the invitation of **.
On December 28, 1929, when the snow was falling, the Ninth Congress of the Red Fourth Army Party was held in Shanghang, which is the famous "Gutian Conference" in modern history.
As a result, the party led the army to a new victory, and that obscure time has finally passed.
What is coming is the "few rivers and sky", a bright future.
The future of the revolution is bright, but the road is full of setbacks.
In early October 1932, the ** Bureau of the Soviet District of the Communist Party of China held a military conference in Ningdu, known as the "Ningdu Conference" in history.
The meeting conveyed and discussed the "Letter to the Bureau of the Soviet Region and the Fujian and Jiangxi Provinces of the Soviet Region" issued by the Communist Party of China on July 21.
This "long letter" criticized *** for making the so-called "rightist mistake", and although the letter did not name names, the direction was very obvious.
On the eve of the fourth "anti-encirclement and suppression" campaign, against the background of the enemy's strength and our weakness, there was a disagreement between the "active defensive strategy" and the "active offensive strategy" with Wang Ming, and the two sides debated many times but did not reach a unified opinion.
As soon as the "long letter" came out, some members of the ** bureau seemed to have caught the "sword of Shang Fang" and severely criticized the idea of developing in the northeast of Jiangxi, which was a "passive sabotage" of the policy of seizing the central city.
* Bureau was aggressive, not only relieved *** of his leadership in the Red Army, but also transferred him back to the rear in the name of temporary **.
This meeting laid the groundwork for the failure of the fifth "anti-encirclement and suppression" campaign.
was excluded and suppressed, ** angrily proposed to go to the rear to recuperate, "to the front if necessary".
After the Ningdu Conference, he spent three months recuperating in the Gospel Hospital, during which time he was understandably depressed.
In early June 1933, the "Second Ningdu Conference" was convened, and the results of the previous meeting were appealed.
In addition to "avenging" the unfair treatment he has received, he hopes that he can accept the line he advocates.
At this meeting, however, his expectations were similarly disappointed.
After the meeting, ** returned to Ruijin, and when passing through Dabaidi, he encountered a heavy rain.
After the rain, a rainbow hung obliquely in the sky, which was particularly gorgeous.
Under the rainbow, the mountains are undulating and verdant, and it is an open and magnificent scene.
**Inspiration surged, write "Bodhisattva Barbarian Da Baidi":
Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue, purple, who holds the color to practice dancing in the air?After the rain, the sun is back to the sun, and the mountains are bursting with blue.
At that time, the fierce battle was urgent, and the village wall in front of the bullet hole.
Decorate this Guanshan, and it looks better today.
This poem not only has a wonderful description of the scenery, but also reproduces the war scenes of the year, and the artistic conception is lofty and vast.
"The fierce battle was urgent", and it is also a review of the scene when I first came to Dabaidi.
On January 14, 1929, in order to avoid the enemy's "meeting and suppression", * and Mr. Zhu led more than 3,600 people of the Red Fourth Army to march to southern Jiangxi under Jinggangshan.
It was the middle of winter, the weather was cold, and people were hungry and tired.
In front is the unfamiliar Ganxi, and behind is the enemy army who is desperately chasing, and the future is bleak.
After almost a month of arduous marching, the Red Army reached Ruijin.
When they were in Dabaidi, because the masses were not familiar with them, they all hid and did not want to come into contact.
In order to replenish supplies, someone in the army proposed to borrow food and materials from the people with IOUs, and ** agreed to this plan, so that food and materials were raised for the Red Army.
On February 9, Chinese New Year's Eve, the enemy army was already trailing, and the two sides were about to meet at Dabaidi.
The situation is like this, and the Red Fourth Army has no way to retreat.
**During the march, I found that the Da Bai Di Mazi Pass was extremely long and narrow, with dense mountains and forests on both sides, and there was only one small road leading north to Ningdu.
It's a great place for ambushes.
The two decided to take the initiative to attack, taking advantage of the favorable terrain to ambush the enemy.
The next afternoon, the enemy arrived, and the 2nd Battalion of the 28th Regiment first engaged the enemy, who fought and retreated, leading the enemy into an ambush circle.
The battle has officially begun.
The Red Fourth Army fought against the water, and was extremely brave, and in the end, they even ran out of ammunition, so they used branches and stones to confront the enemy.
Even ***, who has always rarely touched a gun, personally took out a gun and led the guard platoon to fight the enemy.
Under this fearless and sacrificial style of play, the enemy army was finally defeated and retreated, and the Red Fourth Army miraculously won the victory.
The morale of the original low was unprecedentedly high after this battle, and the Red Army took root in southern Jiangxi and western Fujian.
This battle was called "the most honorable war since the founding of the Red Army."
Revisiting the old place, ** recalled the previous experience of fighting in a desperate situation, and suddenly felt infinite emotion.
In the face of the current predicament, he did not feel sorry for himself, but turned his infinite pride into his poems, and expressed infinite optimism about the future of the revolution.
The *** who returned to Ruijin mainly did two things.
One is to repay what was borrowed from the masses last time;
The second is to propagate the aims of the Red Army and the policy of the agrarian revolution.
** Deliver an enthusiastic speech at a mass meeting, calling on everyone to unite and create a new life for the working people.
The masses were deeply inspired, and many people signed up to join the Red Army on the spot, and the Red Army contingent that arrived later was also warmly welcomed by the beating of gongs and drums.
Although the background of the creation is quite tortuous, the open mind and confidence in the victory of the revolution are extremely firm.
Qingping Le Huichang was written on the eve of the Red Army's Long March, when the Red Army faced the enemy's encirclement and suppression, almost to the point of exhaustion.
The creation time of this poem is not far from the previous song "Bodhisattva Barbarian Da Baidi", and it was also composed when he was working in the **Soviet District.
After the fourth "anti-encirclement and suppression" campaign, the Red Army formed a relatively solid base area in the Soviet area with Ruijin as the center, and the total area of the base area reached more than 50,000 square kilometers.
The main force of the Red Army and local troops have grown to 100,000 people, and there is still 2.5 million people behind them.
** Suppressed by Wang Ming and other Comintern visitors, except for the vacant post of "** chairman", he no longer has leadership within the party and the army.
During this period, his supporters such as Xiao Jinguang and ** were criticized and suppressed successively, and even his relatives were implicated, and the depression in his heart can be imagined.
In October 1933, Chiang Kai-shek personally went out to command the Kuomintang army, which claimed to be one million people, to carry out the fifth "encirclement and suppression" of the Red Army.
At that time, under the influence of Wang Ming's "leftist" doctrine, the decision-making level at that time did not draw on the experience of the previous four "anti-encirclement and suppression" victories and erroneously adopted the method of frontal combat.
The enemy is outnumbered, and the enemy's ** is several times better than our army, and after abandoning ingenious combat methods such as "guerrilla warfare" and "ambush warfare", they have suffered defeats one after another.
In the face of several times or even ten times our Kuomintang army, the army suffered heavy losses and dropped sharply in numbers.
* The area of the base area is shrinking, and Guangchang and Yunweng Ridge have missed successively - these two are the north gate and the south gate of the **Soviet area.
The enemy is almost going straight into the hinterland of the base area, and the situation is not without danger.
In May 1934, the leadership of the ** Bureau held an emergency meeting and finally decided on the strategic shift.
In this desperate situation, ** came to Huichang to preside over the "research" work.
At this time, he still did not have the leadership of the army, and could only command the local Red Army to win several small victories in the capacity of "chairman", but it had little impact on the overall situation.
The defeat of the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign has been decided.
In those dark days, the prospects for the revolution were almost uncertain, both for individuals and for the army.
On July 23, ** climbed the peak outside Huichang City, looking at the Red Army soldiers stationed in the position, he looked at the green peak, and his heart was full of emotion.
The word "Qingping Le Huichang" was born:
The East wants to know, and Mo Daojun is early. Walking all over Qingshan, people are not old, and the scenery is unique here."Mo Daojun is early", indicating the urgency of *** to save the current situation.The peak outside the city of Huichang is directly connected to the east. The warrior pointed to Nanyue, which was even more lush.
The Soviet base area has condensed the countless efforts of the Red Army soldiers, and it is about to fall into the hands of the enemy.
He himself was unable to display his military ideas and save the declining situation because of the struggle within the party, so how could he not be in a hurry?
However, he used the sentence "Walking all over the green mountains is not old" to resolve this depression.
At that time, ** was 41 years old, in the prime of life, and although he suffered a series of setbacks in the party, he still firmly believed that he was right.
"People are not old" shows that they are looking forward to the day when they will be able to return to the center of the army and lead the Red Army soldiers on the correct revolutionary path.
Looking at this song alone, it is an open-minded lyrical word.
If it weren't for the annotations he made when he sorted out the poems many years later, I'm afraid few people would have thought that he was in such a state of mind.
On December 21, 1958, ** wrote in a commentary on this poem:
In 1934, the situation was critical, preparing for the Long March, and the mood was depressed, and this song "Qing Pingle" expressed the state of mind at that time. ”
The soldier pointed to Nanyue" is an intuitive expression of the open-minded mentality, looking around, the distance is a smooth road, what is the current predicament?
After writing this poem, ** Ying Ruijin wrote urgently, left Huichang, and went to preside over the work.
By this time, the Red Army's implementation of the strategy was a foregone conclusion, and the ** Military Commission successively formed columns to explore the way.
On October 17, 1934, the main force of the Red Army embarked on the journey of the Long March.
**Said with emotion:
From now on, we will go out of the **Soviet zone. ”
A thrilling military expedition in the history of mankind has officially begun.
Looking at the above three poems, they were all written when he was at a low point in his life, but they all expressed his open-minded attitude towards life.
He never felt sorry for himself, but did what he could, no matter where he was.
Only a truly strong and determined person can maintain himself in the face of adversity and not be coerced by circumstances.
To learn poetry, in addition to appreciating the rhythm and artistic conception of poetry, we must also learn to be open-minded and broad-minded.
When encountering adversity, don't give up easily, try to accumulate strength, wait for the opportunity, and there will be a smooth road ahead.