The Death of the Country, a scene that has been staged countless times in Chinese history。In the history of thousands of years, there have been the demise of small separatist regimes and the demise of large unified dynasties such as the Han and Tang dynasties. It is precisely every occurrence of the latter that will bring about a turmoil in Chinese society.
The Song Dynasty, as the only dynasty in Chinese history that did not die directly in civil strife, is quite special among all dynasties. As a result, the Song Dynasty's monarchs and ministers were treated by the rulers of the Jin Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty respectively, which is also a historical spectacle to some extent.
1. Give them a certain amount of money to protect their livelihood
If there are countless major events in Chinese history, the Jingkang Revolution cannot be ignored at all, because the Northern Song Dynasty perished in this turmoil. Under the attack of the Jin soldiers, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, Bianjing, was breached, and a number of Northern Song clans, including Song Huizong and Song Qinzong, were captured by the Jin soldiers, and then escorted north, achieving a great shame for the Han regime.
However, due to the large population of the captured Northern Song dynasty, and the special identities of Song Huizong and Song Qinzong themselves—after all, the Southern Song Dynasty still existed, which led to the careful consideration of how to treat this group of people. Contrary to the bleak scene of extreme abuse in our imagination, in fact, the rulers of the Jin Dynasty at that time treated the monarchs and ministers of the fallen Northern Song Dynasty quite well.
Day will be in August of the sixth yearThat is, when Song Huizong and Song Qinzong were captured in the hinterland of the Jin Kingdom, the two of them were respectively named Duke of Dude and Marquis of Chongdu。It is true that these two titles are extremely insulting, and they are a great irony against these two former high-ranking emperors of the Song Dynasty, but if you look at the actual treatment, these two titles are real official positions.
It is recorded in the "Golden History: Hundred Official Chronicles": "It is from the second grade to the county prince." is from the three products said to be the marquis". And from the point of view of Yu Lu,Money, millet, wheat, silk, cotton and other materials were also fully supplied, which gave Song Huizong and Song Qinzong a solid guarantee in their lives.
Later, with the improvement of relations between the Jin Dynasty and the Song Dynasty, the rulers of the Jin Dynasty revoked the humiliating titles of the two men, and renamed Song Huizong as the king of Tianshui County, and Song Qinzong became the prince of Tianshui County.
In addition,Even though Song Huizong and Song Qinzong have died, the relief policy for them has been extended to their descendants。Even though the Jin Dynasty's own treasury expenditure was already relatively tight, the rulers of the Jin Dynasty still believed that this was a beautiful policy that could not be easily abolished. From here, we can know that the lives of Song Huizong and Song Qinzong in the Jin Dynasty should be quite good.
However, it should be noted that except for these two people, the rest of the Song Dynasty clans as a whole lived in a relatively bleak environment。The Jin Dynasty not only gave these Northern Song Dynasty clans quite scarce actual materials, but also imposed strict supervision policies on them, which led them to fall into the miserable situation of "people who were not given food and were naked".
2. Divide part of the land for cultivation activities
During the life of captivity, the Song Dynasty monarchs and ministers were forcibly relocated many times。However, during the migration, Song Huizong and others were not abused, and the rulers of the Jin Dynasty not only treated them well during the journey, but also provided them with supplies for their lives when they arrived at the place where they lived.
And every time they went to a new place, the rulers of the Jin Dynasty would provide them with land to live in and cultivate. For example, when Song Huizong arrived in Tongsai Prefecture, he "gave 15 hectares of land to grow crops for self-support", and three years later, the Jin Dynasty ** gave the Northern Song Dynasty clans living in the Shangjing area "30,000 yuan of money and 300 cattle".
In addition,When he was living in the city of the Five Kingdoms, because he was worried that the construction of houses would delay the farming time, Song Huizong ordered the cultivation activities to be carried out first. From here, we can know that not only did the rulers of the Jin Dynasty give the Northern Song Dynasty monarchs land and create an environment for them to cultivate, but they themselves also attached great importance to farming activities and put agricultural time in the first place.
At the time of carrying out simple farming activities,The Northern Song Dynasty clan would also raise chickens, ducks, fish, geese and other small poultryThis is also a common activity of people who grew up under the agrarian civilization.
In addition to the favorable conditions provided by the rulers of the Jin State, the Southern Song Dynasty would sometimes send envoys to the Jin Kingdom to visit these captured Northern Song clans, and at the same time would bring a lot of material wealth to subsidize their lives. ”
In such a case,The daily life of Song Huizong and others is actually quite rich, not only can a banquet of a certain scale be held, but when Empress Dowager Wei set off to return to China, Concubine Qiao, who was good friends with her, directly took out fifty taels of ** to entrust someone to take good care of her, and the richness of her living materials was once again strongly reflected.
3. The situation of the women of the Northern Song Dynasty clan gradually improved
Although most of the people who died on the battlefield were men, when the war was lost, women would also face their own miserable fate. Upon arrival in the Jin Kingdom, most of the women of the Northern Song dynasty were given to the ruling class of the Jin Dynasty as war trophies, "The prime minister of the country will take dozens of people for himself, and the generals will give several people to each of the above, and one or two people will be given to the following."
For these slaves and servants, Jin Taizong also specifically ordered that they were not allowed to redeem their identities, and this order was not changed until a few years later, but it still showed a harsh posture. In addition, some of the women have been enrolled in the laundry facility
In addition to being used as a laundry place for the royal family, this institution was more of a place for the emperors to provide pastime. To put it simply, these once high-ranking royal clan women have been reduced to prostitute-like existences at this time.
However, over time, the situation of these women began to improve。After the initial war, the Jin State had formed a situation of confrontation with the Southern Song Dynasty, and the original attempt to destroy it seemed impossible.
Under such circumstances, the rulers of the Jin Kingdom began to inevitably covet pleasures, and many of the original women of the Northern Song Dynasty clan began to be recruited into the palace by the rulers of the Jin Kingdom, and the living conditions of these people began to be significantly improved.
Not only did they receive a generous enough material treatment, but some of them were also made wives and even concubines, and their social status was also improved。Later, as more and more women of the Northern Song Dynasty clan were recruited into the palace, the influence they could exert in the harem of the Jin Dynasty became greater and greater, so that they became a force to be reckoned with.
1. The highest ruling class of the Southern Song Dynasty received many courtesies
Until the late Southern Song Dynasty, the entire Song Dynasty had fallen into a precarious situationNot only were the internal class contradictions so fierce that it was difficult to adjust, but the Mongols outside were even more overwhelmed。Under these circumstances, Zhao, who was only three years old at the time, succeeded to the throne as emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty and surrendered to the Mongols after less than two years as emperor.
In ancient times, when the name was highly valued, the emperors of the previous dynasties often became the cause of popular rebellion. ButFor such an emperor who was only a few years old, Kublai Khan not only did not kill him, but spared him many humiliating acts at the so-called surrender ceremony, and later gave him quite generous material treatment and high social status。From this point of view, compared with the sheep ceremony experienced by Song Huizong and others, Zhao does have more face.
2. The Southern Song Dynasty clan and ministers became the objects of the Yuan Dynasty
As a great unified dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty naturally attached great importance to winning people's hearts. And if you want to highlight the benevolence of this dynasty, it has become a better way to treat those Southern Song Dynasty clans with a tolerant and co-optive attitude. Taking Wen Tianxiang as an example, the reason why he was able to leave such a strong mark in Chinese history is not only because of his own talent, but also because of his great integrity.
After Wen Tianxiang was captured, the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty surrendered him many times, and even Kublai Khan once had the idea of letting him go because of his indomitable will. Although Wen Tianxiang was inevitably executed in the end, the attitude of the Yuan rulers towards talented people like Wen Tianxiang was also vividly demonstrated in the process, which undoubtedly plays a non-negligible role in its popularity.
For those Southern Song ministers who were willing to surrender, the Yuan Dynasty often gave favors；As for the ministers of the Southern Song Dynasty who were strict in their integrity and unwilling to enter the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan did not deliberately make things difficult for them, but distributed materials to them to ensure their normal life, and his preferential treatment was not insignificant.
Finally, Kublai Khan also showed amazing tolerance towards the Southern Song dynasty. As the first clan of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Meng was not only not suppressed because of his identity, but also favored by Kublai Khan because of his talentHe was even allowed to sit next to Kublai Khan when he was in the court, and his level of trust can be seen, "There is a decree to enter and leave the palace gate." Whenever you see it, you will speak calmly and govern the way, and it will be beneficial. Of course, Zhao Meng did not live up to Kublai Khan's expectations, and his achievements in calligraphy are indeed unattainable by others.
In general, although the Jin Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty were slightly different from each other in their specific practices towards the Song Dynasty's fallen monarchsBut on the whole, the preferential attitude revealed in it is quite obvious。The reason for this situation was largely determined by the political environment in which they were located at the time.
Whether it was the Jin Dynasty's purpose of improving relations with the Southern Song Dynasty, or the Yuan Dynasty's purpose of maintaining its own rule, they all asked them to win the hearts of the people by treating the Song Dynasty's clan ** and its ministers well, so as not to attract too much hatred for themselves. It is precisely under these circumstances that these people live a better material life than the vast majority of ordinary people even after the death of the country.