The museum is a non-profit public service organization that collects and exhibits cultural relics, and is the main body of cultural relics protection and inheritance. Cultural relics are a mirror of the development of human society, which can reflect the social activities, ideology, relationship between human beings and nature in various historical periods, as well as the whole process of the construction of spiritual civilization in human society, integrating cultural, educational and scientific research values. Museums in the new era should take cultural relics as the carrier, use new cultural relics protection materials and digital information technology, innovate the form of cultural relics protection and the concept of cultural inheritance, explore the humanistic connotation contained in cultural relics, let cultural relics "speak", complete the construction of a new era of national culture under the integration of tradition and history, establish a sharing model of ancient and modern culture, and realize the exchange and communication between people and history across time and space.
Chinese culture has a long history, and in the vast river of time, people have inherited a large number of historical relics with ornamental value, educational value and research value. These cultural relics are not only the crystallization of the thoughts and wisdom of our ancestors, but also the epitome of China's historical civilization achievements and an important carrier of Chinese cultural inheritance. Museums are the main institutions for the management and protection of cultural relics, and they need to assume the important responsibility of inheriting cultural relics. In the new historical period, museums need to combine the advantages of the times and give full play to the value of collection resources. The museum is relying on emerging scientific and technological technologies and diversified publicity methods to expand the scope of cultural relics protection and inheritance, and strengthen the safety awareness of cultural relics protection. Promote inheritance through protection, so that cultural relics can be better "lived" and "passed on" in the new era [1].
The importance of the protection and inheritance of museum cultural relics
Only by truly understanding cultural relics can we better protect them
As the main body of the protection and inheritance of cultural relics, museums should be guided by the awareness of cultural relics protection and attach importance to the display and preservation of cultural relics. Through the all-round study of the cultural relics in the collection, a comprehensive understanding of the cultural relics is formed, and special cultural relics display and storage devices are set up in combination with the characteristics of different types of cultural relics. For example, some metal cultural relics that are susceptible to oxidation will not oxidize underground due to the less oxygen content and more inert gas in the environment before they are unearthed, but when they are suddenly exposed to the air without any protective measures, they will be affected by the instantaneous increase in oxygen concentration in the air, resulting in oxidation and rust [2]. Therefore, according to the preservation characteristics of different cultural relics, it is necessary to set up a cultural relics storage environment that is consistent with that before unearthing, which requires a full understanding of cultural relics. After the installation of the de-protection device for the cultural relics, it is necessary to regularly detect the environmental factors in the protective cabinet to prevent irreversible damage to the cultural relics, prolong the storage life of the cultural relics, better complete the protection of the cultural relics, and lay the foundation for the inheritance and development of the cultural relics.
Only by doing a good job in the protection and inheritance of cultural relics can we better meet with history
Cultural relics are non-renewable historical and cultural resources, and they are tangible historical and cultural carriers, and the objectivity of the value of cultural relics provides a real reference for people to understand cultural relics. The word "cultural relics" first appeared in the "Zuo Chuan", "cultural relics are recorded by records, and declarations are issued by them" [3], and the original "literature and things" refer to the ritual and music code system, which evolved over a long period of time and did not approach the connotation of modern cultural relics until the Tang Dynasty. Museums should do a good job in cultural protection, provide a foundation for the study of cultural relics, and promote the development of inheritance. With cultural relics as a bridge, we can break the boundaries of time and space and build a connection mechanism between modern civilization and historical civilization. For example, with the rise of the "National Treasure" series of programs, TV language tells the past and present of the cultural relics collections of the Palace Museum, Shaanxi Provincial History Museum, Liaoning Provincial Museum, Shandong Museum and other national key museums in a dynamic form, arousing the public's awareness of cultural relics protection and cultural protection, driving the general public's enthusiasm for the protection and inheritance of cultural relics, expanding the scope of the main body of cultural relics protection, and effectively popularizing the awareness of cultural relics safety. This kind of program is in the form of audiovisual narrative expression across time and space, which goes deeper layer by layer, excavating the profound value contained in cultural relics and has a far-reaching impact. The protection and inheritance of cultural relics by museums make cultural relics no longer just inanimate utensils placed on display shelves, but establish an emotional connection between the public and the history and culture contained in cultural relics. For example, the bell of Zeng Hou Yi, which is known as the "treasure of the town hall" of the Hubei Provincial Museum, is a bell of ritual music handed down during the Warring States Period, which belongs to the national first-class cultural relics and is the epitome of the bronze civilization of the pre-Qin period, which not only has artistic value, but also provides precious materials with historical value for the study of the ritual and music culture of the pre-Qin period, so that future generations can still feel the shock from historical time and space after thousands of years.
The construction of national culture under the care of tradition and history
Through advanced science and technology, the museum realizes the protection and inheritance of cultural relics, through the deepening of the public's awareness of the safety of cultural relics and the responsibility of inheriting culture, and under the care of tradition and history, it realizes the systematic construction of personal cultural identity and national cultural system, and enhances the sense of belonging and identity of social individuals to traditional culture. With its unique characteristics of the times, the cultural relics in the museum's collection truly show the splendid traditional Chinese civilization to the public, transcend the limitations of time and space in the inheritance of history, and promote people's examination of national history and Chinese civilization. With the emotional blessing of national pride, it awakens the national self-confidence consciousness of the Chinese people and provides a steady stream of spiritual power for the construction of national culture in the new era. Similarly, through the in-depth protection and inheritance and development of cultural relics, more and more ordinary people will be guided to participate in the protection and inheritance of cultural relics, so as to realize the practical significance of museums for the protection and inheritance of cultural relics.
The new era of museum cultural relics protection and inheritance development innovative concept
The protection and inheritance of museum cultural relics in the context of digitalization
In the era of intelligent media, the management of museums should keep pace with the times, keep up with the pace of the times, and integrate digital ideas into the whole process of cultural relics protection, inheritance and development, so that cultural relics can be "lived" and "passed on". Due to the non-renewable and irreplaceable nature of the cultural relics themselves, if there is a lack of systematic information collection of the cultural relics in the collection, once the museum has an uncontrollable unexpected disaster, it will have a huge impact on the restoration of cultural relics in the later period. For example, floods have caused a large number of cultural relics and artworks around the world to be damaged to varying degrees. Vasari's Last Supper The famous painting was submerged in water for nearly 12 hours, resulting in the portrait being divided into five parts. In addition, there are fires, geological disasters, etc., which will cause incalculable damage to cultural relics.
Through the use of modern computer information technology, the museum's cultural relics collection work has moved from "two-dimensional" to "three-dimensional", breaking through the restrictions on the protection of cultural relics, extending the life of cultural relics to the greatest extent, and making them still glow with infinite vitality in the new era. For example, the Confucius Temple in Beijing and the Guozijian Museum have applied three-dimensional digital technology to the protection of stone cultural relics, and the preservation status of stone carved cultural relics, such as the Jinshi inscription monument, has been carried out in a planned way to carry out three-dimensional digital scanning and collection and protection work. Under the premise of fully guaranteeing the safety of cultural relics, relying on advanced technology and precision instruments to carry out non-contact measurement operations on cultural relics, so as to ensure the accuracy of cultural relics information data and image information, and realize the all-round digital management and protection of stone carved cultural relics. Digital technology provides a new path for the protection of cultural relics in the new era.
Virtual reality technology (VR technology) is used to digitize and graphically transform cultural relics
Because most of the cultural relics are relatively fragile and greatly affected by environmental factors, layers of safety protection facilities are required, resulting in visitors being unable to see the whole picture of the cultural relics or not being able to observe the details of the cultural relics, which affects the appreciation value and artistic value of the cultural relics, and the application of VR technology can effectively solve such problems. The collection of sound information of cultural relics is realized through digital recording, and the collection of three-dimensional image information of cultural relics is completed by relying on advanced image processing technology (such as three-dimensional image scanning technology) to realize the digitization of cultural relics information. The digital cultural relics information is synthesized, edited, and reprocessed in 3D production, and synthesized into virtual reality intangible cultural heritage works, and the promotion of derivative cultural and creative products, tourism industry and network promotion through diversified promotion channels. Virtual reality technology relies on advanced intelligent technology and human-computer interaction functions, integrates the sensory participation of the human body, and enables people to truly feel the charm of cultural relics even in the virtual environment through vision, hearing and touch. Through digital information technology, the sound, text and image are intelligently processed, so that the sound has a sense of space, and the text and image highlight the three-dimensional sense. Through the application of 3D scanning technology and simulation technology, the specific things in nature are brought into the virtual scene, so that visitors can deeply feel the historical environment and cultural symbolism of cultural relics, bring a good sense of immersion and interaction to visitors, and enhance people's interest in visiting the museum. The application of VR technology in the process of museum management, through the virtual scene display, can not only allow visitors to feel the cultural relics in an immersive way, but also will not cause any damage to the cultural relics, which not only completes the task of inheritance and development of cultural relics, but also realizes the protection of cultural relics. For example, the Digital Research Institute of Cultural Assets of the Palace Museum, founded by the Palace Museum, used advanced virtual reality technology to shoot a naked-eye 3D digital film - "The Forbidden City · The Palace of the Son of Heaven allows the public to deeply appreciate the architecture of the Forbidden City even without leaving home, as if they are on the spot, and the application of digital technology makes the protection and inheritance of cultural relics resonate at the same frequency with the construction of a cultural system in the new era [4].
Innovation in the concept of cultural relics protection and cultural relics inheritance
The value of cultural relics is not only reflected in the material value of cultural relics, but also the profound humanistic spiritual value contained in them cannot be ignored. In the new era, the focus of museum management should shift from the "materialization ontology" of cultural relics protection to the "humanistic spirit" of cultural relics inheritance [5]. People should not only pay attention to the ontological protection of cultural relics, but also pay attention to the inheritance and development of the humanistic spirit behind cultural relics. Inheritors need to innovate the development concept of cultural relics protection and inheritance, give full play to the activation and utilization value of cultural relics, and explore a new development path for the protection and inheritance of cultural relics in China in the new era.
1.Innovation in the concept of ontology protection of cultural relics
After long-term development, China's cultural relics protection cause has made remarkable achievements, with the support of the state, museums at all levels have complete infrastructure, and there is no lack of batch use of precision instruments in line with the world's scientific and technological level. From the excavation of cultural relics, the all-round protection of cultural relics is realized, and the effectiveness of information collection and data analysis of cultural relics is ensured. In the process of protection and restoration of cultural relics, new cultural relics protection materials are used, such as hydroxyapatite materials, which have been commonly used in the protection of oracle bone inscriptions and stone cultural relics in recent years [6] ; In the protection of paper cultural relics, in order to prevent the deterioration and acidification of cultural relics, acid-free paper is used to protect them, and the Shanghai Museum has put forward detailed standards for the use of acid-free paper in the process of cultural relics protection [7], which puts forward new requirements for the production process of acid-free paper, which fully guarantees the development of cultural relics protection. While the protection of cultural relics has made great progress, one of the questions that must be considered is what is the purpose of cultural relics protection, whether it is only necessary to preserve the cultural relics in a safe environment in the form of "materialized ontology", or whether to inherit and carry forward the humanistic value contained in the cultural relics themselves. The development of the new era requires museums to change and update their thinking on the protection and inheritance of cultural relics, break through the fixed thinking of cultural relics protection, build a sharing model of ancient and modern culture, use cultural relics as the carrier to understand and appreciate the diversified ancient civilizations at close and deep levels, improve the aesthetic system of contemporary people and strengthen the construction of the spiritual world of contemporary people, and create conditions for the orderly and sustainable development of cultural relics protection and inheritance.
2.The concept of "revitalization" of cultural relics inheritance is innovative
At present, museums urgently need to change the status quo of cultural relics protection that is still at the level of concretized "things", and to explore and inherit the spiritual value of cultural relics. After doing a good job in the protection of cultural relics, it is necessary to develop the abstract value of cultural relics at a deep level, and through the restoration and research of cultural relics, people can understand the story of cultural relics across time and space, and then understand the historical style and humanistic atmosphere of the era in which the cultural relics are located. For example, visiting the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum of Qin Shi Huang, through the neatly arranged terracotta warriors and horses, visitors can have a strong spiritual shock. On the occasion of the 45th anniversary of the discovery of the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum of Qin Shi Huang and other organizations launched a large-scale cultural and museum exhibition activity entitled "Leveling the World - The Unification of Qin", which vividly showed the development process of the Qin people and the heroic feat of Qin Shi Huang to unify the six countries to the visiting public. Through the museum's cultural relics exhibition and interpretation activities and their own participation, the public fully understood the role of Qin civilization in promoting the development of Chinese civilization and the great historical significance of Qin unification, and enhanced their inner sense of identity with the value of cultural relics and traditional culture, so as to strengthen cultural self-confidence.
3.The innovative consciousness of cultural relics protection and inheritance carriers
The cultural relics workers working in the museum are the inheritors of the humanistic spiritual value of cultural relics, they have a deep understanding of the spiritual value of cultural relics in the collection, and because of their own consciousness and consensus on cultural relics, they have specific and inseparable humanistic feelings for the culture covered by cultural relics. In the process of research and protection of cultural relics, cultural relics workers continue to explore the spiritual value of cultural relics, and integrate their own emotions into this process, they are not only participants in the protection of cultural relics, but also through their own emotional experience, to explore a road that is easy to arouse the emotional resonance of cultural relics and the public, and to give full play to the spiritual value of cultural relics. For example, in "New · The Forbidden City", there are relevant researchers from the Palace Museum who appear on camera to tell the history, clear the origin of history, and restore the real era and character stories. In addition, as the main position for the protection and inheritance of cultural relics, under the development of the new era, museums need to break through the solidified form of inheritance and development of cultural relics while ensuring the steady progress of cultural relics protection.
Relevant staff can use innovative thinking to strengthen cooperation with the media that disseminate cultural heritage information, and break down the dimensional wall of cultural heritage inheritance. It can also enable the public to participate in the protection and inheritance of cultural relics, let the historical relics displayed in the museum "speak", promote the development of modern social civilization with the cultural essence contained in cultural relics, and improve the impetuous wind in society. The cooperation between museums and the media can be traced back to the "Antique Tour" program in the United Kingdom, and the more successful cooperation between museums and the media in China in recent years is "I Repair Cultural Relics in the Forbidden City", "National Treasure", "New · The Forbidden City" and other series of programs. The production unit is aesthetically close to young people, telling the story of cultural relics in the form that young people like to see, making cultural relics "alive", building the museum into an "Internet celebrity", so that more and more young people can enter the museum and communicate with historical relics, so that they can feel the profound heritage of traditional culture while harvesting cultural nourishment.
In order to make cultural relics "alive and passed on" in the new era, museums need to find a way to effectively communicate with the public, and on the premise of ensuring the safety of cultural relics, adopt a form that is easy for the public to accept and understand, and carry out cultural relics publicity and promotion. At the same time, it is also necessary to use diversified means to break the boundaries between ancient and modern, reveal the hidden information contained in cultural relics, bring emotional experience across time and space to the public, make people's lives closely linked with cultural relics and museum exhibition activities, and ensure the depth, breadth and thickness of culture while enhancing the interest of museum cultural activities, so that the museum's cultural relics protection and inheritance work will be younger, so as to awaken the public's awareness of cultural relics protection and civilization protection.
Original title: Reflections on the protection and inheritance of museum cultural relics in the new era.
Author: Liu Yuting, National Museum of China.
Article**Cultural Industry, Issue 07, 2022.
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