Aplastic anemia is a hematologic disease that causes pancytopenia in peripheral blood due to hematopoietic failure of the bone marrow, which often manifests clinically as symptoms such as anemia, bleeding and infection. For patients with aplastic anemia, blood transfusion is a common method, but long-term transfusion can lead to adverse effects such as iron overload. Therefore, in addition to blood transfusions, there are many other methods available.
1. Drugs**.
1.Immunosuppressants: such as cyclosporine, antithymocyte immunoglobulin (ATG), etc., these drugs can suppress the patient's immune system and reduce the attack on the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow.
2.Erythropoietin: For patients with anemia, erythropoietin stimulates erythropoiesis and increases hemoglobin levels.
3.Androgens: such as stanozolol and danazol, can promote bone marrow hematopoiesis and increase the number of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
2. Support**.
1.Infection prevention: Patients with aplastic anemia are immunocompromised and susceptible to infection. Therefore, take effective preventive measures such as oral care, vaccinations, etc., to reduce the risk of infection.
2.Blood transfusion: For patients with severe anemia or bleeding, blood transfusion is an effective method. However, long-term blood transfusions can lead to iron overload, and care needs to be taken to control the number and dose of blood transfusions.
3.Platelet transfusion: For bleeding due to thrombocytopenia, platelet transfusion is an effective method.
3. Stem cell transplantation.
For young, severely ill patients with aplastic anemia, stem cell transplantation is a possible method for the disease. Hematopoietic function is rebuilt by transplanting hematopoietic stem cells from healthy donors.
4. Regular monitoring.
Patients with aplastic anemia need to regularly monitor routine blood markers to assess changes in their condition. At the same time, pay attention to the symptoms of the disease, such as anemia, bleeding and infection, etc., and detect and deal with problems in time.