Visiting relatives and friends during the Spring Festival and traveling Please take this reminder for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases
With the Chinese New Year approaching, the movement of people and gathering activities has increased, and the risk of respiratory infections has also increased.
At present, respiratory tract infectious diseases are still in a state of high incidence and superimposed infection. Recently, in addition to influenza, mycoplasma, and other respiratory viruses (respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, etc.), the pathogens that cause respiratory tract infections also need to pay attention to the new coronavirus JN1 variant, which is relatively transmissible. Hu Weidong, director of the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, reminded that respiratory infections should be prevented when visiting relatives and friends and traveling during the Spring Festival.
Q: What are the current causative agents of respiratory infections?
Answer: At present, the common pathogens of respiratory tract infection are mainly influenza and mycoplasma, as well as respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, new coronavirus and some bacteria (such as Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococcus, etc.), and most of the above pathogens are infected in the form of superimposed infection. The immunity established after infection with these pathogens is not long-lasting, and can be re-infected, and there is no cross-immunity between these pathogens, so there is no protective immunity between them, and they can be infected alternately or superimposed at the same time.
Q: How are different respiratory infections transmitted?
A: Influenza is divided into four types: A, B, C, and D, which is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza viruses that is highly contagious and spreads quickly. Influenza A and B are currently prevalent.
The common cold is dominated by sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose, and cough, while influenza has a high incidence and is contagious, and the population is generally susceptible, with the main symptoms such as high fever (389 40), the body temperature rises rapidly in a short period of time, and is accompanied by headache, sore throat, muscle aches and other symptoms, fatigue and fatigue are obvious.
Influenza is mainly spread through respiratory droplets such as sneezing and coughing, but it can also be transmitted through contact with mucous membranes such as the mouth, nose, and eyes of the patient, and infection can also be caused by contact with items contaminated with the virus.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a microorganism between bacteria and viruses, it is an important pathogen that causes infections of the human respiratory tract, especially the lower respiratory tract, mainly through droplets, and can carry pathogens in the secretions of coughing, sneezing, and runny nose. The incubation period is generally 2-3 weeks and appears in the form of tracheobronchitis, pneumonia, omytonitis, etc., with pneumonia being the most severe. At the beginning of the disease, fatigue, headache, sore throat, chills, fever, muscle aches, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, etc., the headache is significant. Fever varies from 39 to 39 days, and after 2 to 3 days, obvious respiratory symptoms appear, such as paroxysmal irritating cough, coughing up a small amount of mucous or mucopurulent sputum, and sometimes blood in the sputum. Fever can last for 2-3 weeks. Fever may resolve with irritating cough with substernal pain.
The most typical symptoms of mycoplasma pneumonia in children are fever and cough, the initial cough is paroxysmal and irritating dry cough, as the disease progresses, cough and sputum will appear, and some children with severe symptoms will have wheezing, dyspnea and other manifestations, so they should be highly vigilant and seek medical attention as soon as possible.
Q: Infected with the new coronavirusWhat are the symptoms of the 1 variant?
A: As a new coronavirus variant, the new coronavirus JN1 is Omicron BA2.86.1.1 mutant strain, which is in the ancestral Omicron BAThere are 35 mutations on the basis of 2, compared to XBB1.5 more mutations, these mutations give jn1. It is more likely to infect the human body, and it is currently the main epidemic strain in Europe, America, Southeast Asia and other places.
In our country's native new coronavirus, jnThe proportion of variants1 is also rising. It is expected that around the Spring Festival holiday, the new crown infection may rebound to a certain extent due to various factors such as the large-scale movement of people, visiting relatives and friends, and the increase in dinner and party activities. CoronavirusThe 1 is very transmissible, higher than the XBB. that has attracted attention before1.5。The symptoms after being infected by it are similar to the symptoms of the previous new crown, mainly manifested as fever, sore throat, body aches, fatigue, cough, diarrhea and other symptoms, and a few people will also have a loss of smell and taste.
Q: What should I do if I have symptoms of a respiratory infection?
A: Respiratory tract infections caused by different pathogens require antigen, nucleic acid and antibody tests for timely diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and then progressively against the pathogen**.
If influenza is diagnosed, anti-influenza virus drugs such as oseltamivir, arbidol or mabaloxavir** may be used. Pregnant women, older adults, children, and patients with underlying medical conditions are at high risk, and early use of anti-influenza drugs is recommended.
In the case of COVID-19 infection, antiviral drugs against COVID-19 should be used early to prevent exacerbations, reduce hospitalization rates due to progression to severe disease, and reduce the risk of further transmission. The elderly and patients with underlying diseases are high-risk groups, and pathogen detection should be carried out in time to achieve early detection, early diagnosis, and early diagnosis.
In the case of mycoplasma infection, because of its high resistance rate to macrolides, such as azithromycin, quinolones can be used, and children over 8 years old can use polymyxins. If the effect of self-medication** is not good, it is recommended to go to the hospital for further diagnosis and treatment, so as not to delay the condition and cause the condition to worsen.
Q: Will I have a repeat infection after a recent respiratory infection?
Answer: The pathogens of recent respiratory tract infections are basically superimposed infections, such as influenza A, influenza B, mycoplasma, new crown and other respiratory pathogens in the respiratory tract of a patient at the same time. Recently, this condition has become more common in clinical practice.
Q: How can I prevent respiratory infections?
A: Currently, the most effective way to prevent respiratory infections is to get vaccinated against influenza and pneumonia. At the same time, we should remind everyone to open windows for ventilation frequently, wear masks scientifically, and pay attention to good hygiene habits such as hand hygiene and cough etiquette in daily life. At the same time, exercise appropriately, pay attention to rest, eat a reasonable diet, ensure adequate intake of high-quality protein, fresh vegetables and fruits, drink enough water, and maintain good living habits.
Rushing News Lanzhou Morning News reporter Ouyang Haijie.