The Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base Area is the first rural revolutionary base area created by the Communist Party of China, and it has extraordinary significance for the Chinese Revolution and Mr. Zhu. Jinggangshan Base Area is located in the middle of the Luoxiao Mountains on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi provinces, and has unique geographical advantages.
In fact, the original owner of the Jinggangshan base area was not the Red Army, but a nest of bandits. In the first year of 1928, Mr. Zhu and Mr. Chen led the remnants of the Nanchang Uprising and the Red Army on the southern Hunan border to join forces with the remnants of the Autumn Harvest Uprising led by ***, and then went to Jinggangshan together to create a base area and vigorously develop the Red Revolution.
However, it is extremely regrettable that in the winter of 1930, the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base Area was lost and completely reduced to a white zone. The red zone has changed to a white zone, and it has taken nearly 20 years to change it. **Organized five times** to try to recapture Jinggangshan, but the results ended in failure.
And the loss and fall of Jinggangshan has a lot to do with the two bandit leaders. These two people were killed, and many of the founding fathers felt extremely sorry, and they still felt guilty many years later.
Chen Shiyu, the founding general of the People's Republic of China, once said: "Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo were killed by their own people, which is really a great tragedy. This is a lesson we should keep in mind! ”
Yuan Wencai was born in 1898 in Mayuan Village, Ninggang County, Jiangxi Province, and is a Hakka national. Yuan's father and mother hoped that Yuan Wen would become a talent, be a scholar, and get rid of the fate of poverty and exploitation. Therefore, the whole family saved money and sent seven-year-old Yuan Wencai to study in Maoping Private School. The tuition fee of the private school is not expensive, but there are too many taxes and miscellaneous taxes, and the family is not able to save this money every time, which leads to Yuan Wencai's studies intermittently. When he couldn't study, he herded cattle at home and did the chores he could. At the age of 18, under the control of his father, Yuan Wencai married a country woman, although she was illiterate, she had an excellent personality and was beautiful.
Yuan Wencai got married in arrears, and Yuan's wife did not complain about this, but helped to work together and pay it off early. One day, Yuan's wife went up the mountain to chop firewood without telling Yuan Wencai, and unfortunately encountered a hooligan on the way back to sell firewood.
It's not okay not to chop wood, otherwise how to pay off the debt early. In the early morning of the next day, Yuan's wife made breakfast, washed her clothes, and rushed to the mountains to chop wood. She guessed that the hooligan would not die, so she sharpened the firewood knife, and if the hooligan came again, she would go down with a knife and keep him alive and dead.
But there are only a thousand days to be a thief, how can there be a thousand days to prevent thieves. A few days later, when Yuan's wife was chopping wood, the hooligan took advantage of her unpreparedness and ruined her. Yuan's wife was discouraged and committed suicide by jumping off a cliff. The origin of the matter, Yuan Wen learned from others. At first, he wanted to go directly to the hooligan to fight hard, but was persuaded by his father's crying: "We poor people can't fight him." ”
So, Yuan Wencai wanted to deal with the hooligan through formal means - a lawsuit, but because the hooligan's family had a lot of money, Yuan Wencai lost the lawsuit and returned, not to mention spending a lot of money, and Yuan's father was also tossed so seriously ill. A few years later, 21-year-old Yuan Wencai married Xie Meixiang again.
After getting married, he devoted himself to studying at home and entered a middle school. Just when he was ambitious and wanted to learn to be famous, bad news came from his family: Yuan's father was seriously ill and he was dying, so come back and see him for the last time. When Yuan Wencai rushed home from school, Yuan's father had already passed away, and he could only cry bitterly and express his sorrows.
Although his brother is still willing to provide Yuan Wencai with continued study, he himself has long lost this mind, and chooses to work in the family farm, and plans for other things in the future.
Wang Zuo and Yuan Wencai were born in the same year, and their family was in a barren and backward mountain village on Jinggang Mountain. His father died early and his family had no land, so he followed his mother and several older brothers since he was a child, living a wandering life of living here and there. Like many children from poor peasant families who want their son to become a Chan, he dropped out of school after three months of private schooling.
After dropping out of school, Wang Zuo first herded cattle for the landlord, chopped wood and burned charcoal, and then went to other places to learn art, learned tailoring for three years, and found several boxers to practice martial arts. After completing his studies, he traveled all over the countryside around Jinggangshan, sewing clothes for others to make a living.
In this process, Wang Zuo witnessed the luxurious life and bad behavior of many local tyrants and inferior gentry, and gradually had a rebellion in his heart. Coincidentally, at that time, there was a person named Zhu Deaf, who went to Jinggang Mountain and fell into the grass, kidnapped the children of rich families four times for ransom, and became famous. So, Wang Zuo defected to Zhu Deaf and became a bandit.
Wang Zuo is a clever person, has work in his eyes, and has the ability to tailor, but Wang Zuo can't be reused. Seeing that a few months had passed and his "career" had not improved at all, he left Zhu Deaf and looked for another future under the pretext of returning to his hometown to visit his mother. After that, Wang Zuo erected a righteous flag by buying guns and seizing guns, and pulled up a green forest team.
And Yuan Wencai, because he wanted revenge, secretly joined a local armed force: the sabre team. However, Yuan Wencai's luck was better than Wang Zuo, and he met a nobleman: Communist Party member Long Chaoqing, and the two hit it off at first sight, and they became friends of life and death. Under Long Chaoqing's introduction, Yuan Wencai also joined the Communist Party at the end of 1926.
How did Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo come together? Speaking of which, they are all fallen people from the end of the world. After the "Ma-Ri Incident" in 1927, the situation was bad, and the local tyrants and inferior gentry curried favor with the reactionary forces and came back, Yuan Wencai, who was already the general security regiment of Ninggang County, immediately led his troops to withdraw to Maoping in Jinggang Mountain to avoid the limelight. At that time, the heroes of the green forest led by Wang Zuo were in Ciping of Jinggang Mountain, and the two were horns of each other.
Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo were in Jinggangshan together, and they were like-minded with Geng, so they married Jinlan. They are no different from the bandits who fall into the grass and occupy the mountains as kings, and those people under Jinggang Mountain also see it this way. Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo joined the Red Army and carried out the Red Revolution, which has a close relationship with ***.
In September 1927, when ** led his troops to Lianhua County, Jiangxi Province, Song Renqiang brought a message from the leaders of the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee: Yuan Wencai, who went to Jinggang Mountain in Ninggang County, was an armed force controlled by our party and had dozens of guns. **Knowing this, I was overjoyed, I was worried that there were no locals to lead the way, I didn't know how to put my feet, and I was really sleepy and sent a pillow.
After the remnants of the Autumn Harvest Uprising were transferred to Sanwan Village, Yongxin County, ** wrote a letter to Yuan Wencai and asked a local old watch to help send it to the mountain. After receiving the letter and reading it, Yuan Wencai's mind suddenly appeared with a lot of concerns: Is the owner of the letter really one of the party's armed forces? Wouldn't bringing them in to lure the wolf in? What should I do next?
Yuan Wencai read some books, but he did not read much progressive books, and he only had a superficial understanding of the Communist Party's ideology, so his understanding of the Red Revolution was not so profound. After weighing the pros and cons, Yuan Wencai decided to send Long Chaoqing, Long Guoen, and Chen Muping to take the lead to see what the situation was.
Long Chaoqing is the main person in charge of the Ninggang County Committee of the Communist Party of China, and Chen Muping is the secretary (class secretary) of Yuan Wencai's armed forces. Through the introduction of his own people, Long Chaoqing, ** has a deeper understanding of the situation in Jinggangshan. ** believes that the two armed forces in Jinggangshan are both red revolutionary armed forces that can be fought for, and they are not bad people, but poor people who are oppressed and cornered by the old society.
In the end, the two sides agreed that the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army led by ** could first go to the ancient city of Ninggang, which is 30 miles away from Sanwan, and arrange for *** to meet with Yuan Wencai as soon as possible. After arriving in the ancient city of Ninggang, he immediately convened an enlarged meeting of the former committee to summarize the lessons and lessons learned since the Autumn Harvest Uprising, and also unified everyone's understanding of the two local green forest armed forces of Wang Zuo and Yuan Wencai.
Yuan Wencai's specific attitude, ** and others are not known, but Yuan Wencai, who came with Long Chaoqing, is a respectful and distant attitude of thanking guests: "I can receive some supplies from your army, but please choose another mountain." ”
At that time, we also had the idea of outwitting Jinggangshan: to find a reason to lure Wang Zuo and Yuan Wencai out, and then disarm them. The number of our army and the number of guns are far superior to those of Wang Zuo and Yuan Wencai, and they are well-trained, and they have seen blood, so it is not difficult to take them down.
In this regard, ** resolutely disagreed, believing that they were all good: Wang Zuo and Yuan Wencai actively carried out class struggle during the Great Revolution and carried out the Yongxin Rebellion. ** It is believed that in order for our army to establish a base area in the Jinggangshan area and persist in armed struggle for a long time, it is absolutely inseparable from the two forces of Wang Zuo and Yuan Wencai, who are important forces that we must unite.
In the end, the cadres and comrades who wanted to resort to force were convinced. Of course, the ideas of these people are not unreasonable: Wang Zuo and Yuan Wencai were both reorganized from bandit armed forces to peasant self-defense forces, and there is no grassroots organization and political system of the Chinese Communist Party, and there are serious bandit habits and rogue mentality, and the two teams are mainly maintained by the righteousness of the rivers and lakes and the relationship between gangs.
There is also a way to do this, and it can be transformed gradually. **'s sincere attitude finally won Yuan Wencai's temporary trust. Yuan Wencai, who is obviously at a disadvantage, asked for the right to decide how and where to meet, and ** readily agreed.
Yuan Wencai began the arrangement of his "Hongmen Banquet": the meeting place was set in the ancestral hall of the Lin family in Okura Village - it was easy to get out, there were more than 20 gunmen inside and outside the ancestral hall, and the entrance of the village not far away arranged to receive the troops, ready to enter the village for reinforcements or flee out of the village at any time.
On the side of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, there was no special arrangement: 7 comrades led by ***, without any **, went directly to see Yuan Wencai and them. Many of the founding generals who knew about this were afraid when they thought about it later: "* This person is not a mortal, and he is surprisingly bold." If Yuan Wencai and they shoot, or what else they want to do, the Red Army has no choice. It's scary to think about it now. ”
**Waiting for the arrival of 7 people unarmed, the big stone in Yuan Wencai's heart fell to the ground. But what happened next shocked and moved Yuan Wencai: ** brought 100 guns to him as a gift. What Yuan Wencai lacks most is a gun, and there is nowhere to buy it if he wants to, and there is no way to grab it. At that time, he only had 60 old guns in his hands, all of which were old guns and not very easy to use.
** Said to Yuan Wencai: "The gun I gave you is just a little bit of the heart of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army." We sincerely hope that your ministry can develop and grow and fight the world for the workers and peasants together! When Yuan Wencai heard this, he immediately said: "I will do my best to help the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army." Then he asked: "Is there any difficulty in the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army now?" "* said that the food and wages were a little tight, and the wounded and sick lacked medical care.
In terms of medicine, Yuan Wencai had no choice, but he funded more than 1,000 oceans, and he also said that his Maoping area welcomed the Red Army brothers to station. If Yuan Wencai is solved, Wang Zuo will be easy to do. Under Yuan Wencai's threading of the needle, Wang Zuo took the initiative to send someone to contact the Red Army and asked the Red Army to go up the mountain to negotiate.
This time, the task of going up the mountain was handed over to He Changgong to be responsible. He Changgong was a little hesitant when he took the task, and felt that he was likely to be unable to do it: because Wang Zuo was different from Yuan Wencai, Wang Zuo was a veritable green forest hero, and judging from the information about him, this person was suspicious, and he would turn his face when he said it.
Seeing this, he encouraged: "If you don't enter the tiger's den, how can you get the tiger?" In the future, if we are going to fight guerrilla warfare in the mountainous areas, we will definitely meet the heroes of the green forest often. In this way, He Changgong took a handwritten letter from *** and went up the mountain alone to see Wang Zuo.
After Wang Zuo saw the letter written by ***, he was very happy, and immediately asked people to set up a banquet and entertain He Changgong as a distinguished guest. When He Changgong first went up the mountain, he instilled in Wang Zuo the concept of not killing people at will and most of the enemy soldiers were also hard-working people by doing work for Wang Zuo's mother (Wang Zuo was a filial son).
Afterwards, He Changgong reported on his work, ** was very satisfied, and quipped: "He Changgong, did you do a good job?" After He Changgong negotiated with Wang Zuo, he was worried that Wang Zuo had other concerns, so he personally went up the mountain and had a long talk with Wang Zuo.
** Explained a fact to Wang Zuo: "The people who dry the green forest will not end well in the end, they will either be eaten by the government or will be killed by their subordinates." Only by following the Communist Party to make a revolution and relying on the common people can we grow from small to large and seize the world. Wang Zuo thought so.
In early February 1928, Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo were upgraded and reorganized into the 1st Division and 2nd Regiment of the Red Army, with two battalions under their jurisdiction. The 1st Battalion was formed on the basis of Yuan Wencai's department, and the 2nd battalion was formed on the basis of Wang Zuo's department. Yuan Wencai is the commander of the 1st Battalion in the regiment, Wang Zuo is the deputy commander and commander of the 2nd Battalion, and He Changgong is the representative of the regimental party.
The successful reorganization of the two bandit armies, Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo, provided the CCP with rich and feasible experience in reforming the old army. ** Combined with He Zizhen, Yuan Wencai played the role of a matchmaker in it. Unfortunately, the sky is unpredictable, and danger is creeping in.
In June 1928, the Sixth Party Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Moscow, and the congress adopted a programmatic document, which included the following provisions: "An alliance of groups similar to the armed bandits (i.e., an alliance with which they form a united front) may be used before the armed uprising, and after the armed uprising it is advisable to disarm them and severely suppress them." Their leaders should be the leaders of the counter-revolution, even if they were asked to help the armed uprising, and such leaders should be completely annihilated. ”
This is really a rod that killed everyone, there are good people among the bandits, and there are bad people among the masses, how can it be generalized?
It took several months for this programmatic document to reach Yongxin County, Jiangxi. At the beginning of 1929, the responsible persons of the Yongxin County Party Committee and the Ninggang County Party Committee proposed to eliminate Yuan Wencai, Wang Zuozhi and others in accordance with the spirit of the Red Fourth Army at the enlarged meeting of the Red Fourth Army to study the resolutions of the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Before, the two of them had strongly advocated killing the two of them, and this time with Shang Fang's sword, they once again moved to kill.
** He explicitly opposes the killing of Yuan and Wang, and his reason is: "We cannot mechanically understand and implement the provisions of the resolution of the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China on the elimination of bandit leaders. Yuan Wencai was originally a party member, Wang Zuo was not, but now he has joined the party after transformation, and they all helped us settle down in Jinggangshan. The Red Army Hospital and Logistics Office were still in Ciping Wang Zona. They are all party members now, or leaders of the Red Army, can we kill our own people? ”
In January 1930, a joint meeting was held, and the decision to settle Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo was formally made. At that time, *** was far away in western Fujian, and he couldn't stop it at all, and he didn't know until he died. The action of settling Yuan and Wang by force was very secretive, and only a few people knew about it.
In late February 1930, Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo received a notice asking them to lead their troops to Yongxin County. Late one night after arriving in Yongxin, Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo were surrounded by water, and the soldiers were inexplicably disarmed, and those who resisted were killed on the spot. Yuan Wencai opened the door to see what was going on, and was shot directly; Wang Zuo jumped into the river and drowned in the sound of pursuit.
The impact of this incident is very bad. After Yuan and Wang were killed, Yuan Wencai's subordinates and Wang Zuo's relatives were first shocked, and after reacting, they led the troops that could be commanded to resist and break through. After paying a certain price, they fled from Yongxin and all defected to the Kuomintang army, which was confronting the Red Army.
After Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo were mistakenly killed, ** deeply regretted it, and said many times: "Killing Yuan and Wang is a mistake, this is not a policy." After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the unjust case of the two was rehabilitated, and the two were posthumously recognized as revolutionary martyrs. In 1965, he returned to Jinggangshan to meet with the families of the two martyrs, Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo.
**Seeing Yuan Wencai's widow Xie Meixiang, she shouted "Sister-in-law Yuan", and Xie Meixiang burst into tears: **It's still the original Mao Commissioner. Seeing Xie Meixiang crying, ** felt very uncomfortable. During the period after Yuan and Wang were mistakenly killed, his mind was always restless.
Yuan and Wang were mistakenly killed, ** and the bereaved families of Yuan and Wang have a thousand words to say to each other, but more than 30 years have passed, and they can't say anything if they want to. ** His expression was extremely solemn, holding Xie Meixiang's trembling hands tightly, without saying a word.
When the People's Republic of China was founded, the sons of Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo went to Beijing to participate in the founding ceremony.