It can be said that the reason why China has the current situation in which the people are rich and the country is strong is inseparable from his outstanding talents. Therefore, when we think of Prime Minister, the first thing that comes to our minds is always the figure of Comrade Enlai. So, if Comrade Enlai has something to do and can't stay in the country to deal with national affairs, who else can temporarily replace him and assume the responsibility of prime minister?
In December 1949, in order to break the imperialist shackles on China and strive for favorable overseas supportand other ** leaders decided to visit the Soviet Union.
The purpose of the visit was twofold: first, to congratulate Stalin on his 70th birthday; The second is the hope of signing an agreement with the Soviet side and borrowing money from it to promote the economic construction of New China. So, on December 6, ** and his party came to Moscow and began to discuss cooperation with the top leader of the Soviet Union.
The negotiations went very smoothly, and on January 2, 1950, ** sent back good news: "Comrade Stalin has now agreed to let Comrade *** come to Moscow and sign a new "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance" with the Soviet side, as well as other agreements on trade and loans. "It is recommended that the CCP prepare all relevant documents within five days after receiving the news, and hope that Comrade Enlai will leave for Moscow on January 9 with Minister ** and other important assistants and necessary documents.
The country cannot live without a prime minister for a day, and Comrade Enlai may not know how long he will have to stay in the Soviet Union, so he also proposed:Let Dong Biwu take the post of prime minister and deal with national affairs!
Hearing this news, the leaders nodded in agreement, so what kind of skills does Dong Biwu have that can make the leaders trust him so much?
Dong Biwu was born on March 5, 1886, and was a native of Nanjie, Hong'an County, Hubei. His father is a local teacher, so Dong Biwu has more opportunities to study than others.
Dong Biwu was keen on the imperial examination in his early years, hoping that one day he could become famous and achieve a great career, but his ability was not enough, and the imperial examination only ended up as a result of Sun Shan's name, and in desperation, Dong Biwu's father could only give up his dream, make a living by teaching in his hometown, and entrust his unrealized ambition to his son.
Because of this, Dong Biwu's father is very concerned about his son's studies, and Dong Biwu did not disappoint him.
When Dong Biwu was five years old, his father was spot-checking the students' familiarity with the "Three Character Classic", and threw out a question, and asked a few former beloved**, they couldn't answer, just when Dong's father was disappointed in his teaching results, the young Dong Biwu stood up and answered Dong's father's question with confidence. Dong's father was overjoyed in his heart, the child is so talented, he will definitely be able to achieve something!
As he expected, when Dong Biwu was 17 years old, he was admitted to Xiucai. When the imperial court came to bring the good news back to Hubei, the surrounding people praised Dong Biwu as a young genius, and Dong's father was even more excited to tears, and he said to the villagers:"Le Yanzi is angry, our Dong family is hopeful! ”
However, Dong Biwu's later development did not go as he wished.
In 1905, Dong Biwu was admitted to Wuchang No. 1 School, during his studies, through reading revolutionary books such as "Fierce Return" and "Xinmin Cong Bao", he had a new understanding of the current society, and gradually realized that if China continues to be controlled by the mediocre and decadent ** of the Qing Dynasty, the motherland will definitely be swallowed up by the jackals, and the people will become slaves of the country, living in the exploitation and oppression of imperialism all their lives, Dong Biwu does not want to fall into that kind of ending, therefore, he is determined to devote himself to the revolution and transform the motherland!
In 1910, Dong Biwu graduated from Wuchang No. 1 School with the first place in the schoolchéngattaches great importance to it, and specially reported it to the Qing Dynasty to ensure that it becomes a "tribute".
In the late Qing Dynasty, it was the dream of countless teenagers that those who were promoted as "Bagong" could be exempted from the imperial examination and directly enter the court as officials, however, Dong Biwu did not hesitate to refuse this "pie":"I'm just a scholar, and I don't have the talent to be an official. ”The governor of Huguang, Rui Li, was angered by his ignorance, so he didn't care about him anymore.
can refuse such a big **, does Dong Biwu really not want to be an official? No, the reason why Dong Biwu did this was just to see the darkness of the ** officialdom clearly, and he didn't want to be in the same league with them. If there is a good opportunity, he is still very willing to become a leader and dedicate all his strength to the construction of the motherland.
In 1911, when the Wuchang Uprising began, Dong Biwu found a good opportunity, rushed to hear the news, and quickly joined the revolutionary team led by Mr. Sun Yat-sen, and embarked on the road of anti-imperialist and anti-feudal.
In the later struggle with the Qing Dynasty officers and soldiers and the reactionary warlord Yuan Shikai, Dong Biwu followed in the footsteps of the patriots, and even if he encountered many setbacks, he never thought of retreating!
After the outbreak of the October Revolution, Dong Biwu was deeply inspired, and it was from this time that he clearly realized:It is impossible for the bourgeoisie to lead the people to achieve national independence, and if it wants to make China stronger, sticking to the mass line is the only good way! Since then, he has made a ideological transition from radical democracy to communism.
After the end of the revolution, Dong Biwu decided to work with the rest of the people with lofty ideals to awaken the people's sense of resistance, so as to realize the great dream of a prosperous country and a strong people. Through deliberation, the crowd tried to start by propagating Marxism and cultivating revolutionary talents.
After investigating the domestic situation, Dong Biwu came up with two feasible plans: the first was to open a newspaper and sell revolutionary books; The second is to open schools and directly train talents. In the end, due to lack of funds, the plan to set up a newspaper was temporarily shelved and the second option was chosen.
With the joint efforts of the revolutionaries, Wuhan Middle School was established. Later, in order to solve the problems of school location selection and student meals, Dong Biwu began to ask his friends for help.
In the autumn of 1919, Dong Biwu specially invited a group of intellectuals who were also enthusiastic about the revolutionary cause to teach, and he himself served as a Chinese language teacher in the school. On weekdays, in addition to teaching, he also wrote books such as "Political Questions and Answers" and "Wuhan Middle School Weekly" that introduced the basic knowledge of Marxism and conveyed Marxist theory.
In early 1920, Wuhan Middle School officially opened, and under the influence and call of revolutionaries such as Dong Biwu and Chen Tanqiu, the school immediately attracted countless patriotic young people to sign up. Under the careful training of Dong Biwu and others, promising students such as Dai Jilun and Wang Wenhuan joined the Communist Party of China. At the same time, this enthusiastic behavior of everyone has also changed the fate of many people, such as Chen Tanqiu's younger brother Chen Yinlin. In the early years, Chen Yinlin had no ambitions and just wanted to eat and wait for death, but since he learned about the real living conditions of the people at the bottom of China with Dong Biwu and others, he was deeply touched and began to work hard, joined the Communist Party of China, and engaged in the revolutionary cause with everyone. In 1927, Chen Yinlin was elected as an executive member of the Hubei Provincial Party Department of the Kuomintang, and not long after, he was elected as the chairman of the Preparatory Committee for the First Congress of the Provincial Agricultural Association, and finally dedicated his life to the motherland.
Therefore, it can be said that Wuhan Middle School was an important base for the early development of revolutionary activities of the Party organization, and made an indelible contribution to the smooth expansion of the revolutionary forces in Hubei by the Party organization.
At the same time, the continuous growth of the revolutionary forces and the continuous dissemination of advanced local ideas also provided sufficient nourishment for the successful formation of the communist group. In August 1920, with the strong support of the Comintern and the many investigations and reflections of the two revolutionary leaders, Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao, the Shanghai Communist Group was formally formed, of which Chen Duxiu served as secretary. The establishment of the Shanghai Communist Group also promoted the formation of the Communist Group in the rest of the region.
In the summer and autumn of the same year, Dong Biwu received news of communism in Shanghai, and the local staff suggested that a communist group should also be set up in Wuhan. In fact, as early as the spring of this year, the revolutionaries in Wuhan had already begun to go deep into the masses of the people to carry out relevant investigations, and in this research activity, the revolutionaries also sorted out and published several research reports, including the "Wuhan Factory Survey", so that the masses could fully understand how bad the environment of the Chinese workers was, stirred up a thousand waves, and awakened the fighting spirit of the workers.
Under the influence of the May Fourth Patriotic Movement, patriotic youths in Wuhan also formed various associations for the dissemination of advanced ideas, such as Yun (yùnDai Ying and other comrades set up the "Liqun Book Society" and so on. Through these deeds, Dong Biwu understood that the conditions for revolution in Wuhan were ripe, so he immediately wrote back to Shanghai and agreed to form a Wuhan communist group.
In order to promote the development of the revolutionary cause in the Wuhan area,Lee Han-joonwithLiu BochuiAfter returning to Wuhan to assist Dong Biwu and Chen Tanqiu, after continuous exploration and research, in August of the same year, the Wuhan Communist Group was successfully established. The establishment of this group opened a brand new door for the revolutionary cause in Hubei.
With the continuous change of the domestic situation, the communists have also rapidly grown into great workers who can take charge of themselves, and in the face of the people who are still in deep trouble, everyone understands that the idea of forming a Communist Party of China should also be put on the agenda.
In June 1921, under the joint discussions of the Comintern and the Shanghai Communist Group, everyone agreed that the revolutionaries should form the Communist Party of China as soon as possible and direct the proletarian people in the struggle against the reactionaries. At the urging of Li Hanjun, Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao and others also agreed to the proposal to form the Communist Party of China, and after that, the people instructed the communist groups in various localities to arrange representatives to participate in the Communist Party meetings.
In July of that year, the Wuhan Communist Group sent Dong Biwu and Chen Tanqiu to attend the meeting, at which the goals of struggle for the future and the core purpose of the revolutionaries in directing the workers' movement were determined.
After the meeting, Dong Biwu and others returned to Wuhan and continued to spread the flame of revolution based on Wuhan Middle SchoolThe local revolutionary cause has opened a new chapter!
In 1934, the Communist Party of China fell into a dilemma, and in order to seek a new path, Dong Biwu, who was nearly half a hundred years old, embarked on the Long March with the Red Army troops.
At the end of this year, the ** army set up a cadre recuperation company, said to be a recuperation company, in fact, in this team are old and frail comrades, as well as some women comrades, they add up to more than 100 people, of which 30 are women cadres (He Zizhen, Cai Chang and 4 pregnant women). In order to better take care of these people and let them survive the Long March, everyone found Dong Biwu, who had served as the principal of the school and was kind, to be the captain, because Comrade Dong Biwu was old and still had a beard on his face, so he was called "Captain Beard".
During the Long March, although he was old and not in good health, Dong Biwu still demanded himself in the conditions of a young comrade, not only carrying the same heavy luggage as the people around him, but also taking care of the female cadres in the team, as well as the seriously wounded and arranging the food, clothing and daily life of the comrades who carried the stretchers, and sheltering the teammates who had fallen behind.
Every time the troops were stationed, he had to run around, organize cooking, sleeping, defense, and so on. When the comrades were about to fall asleep, he had to get up to check the shops and check the sentry. When the troops evacuate their garrisons, they have to check the mass discipline of the fighters, and if they forget to return the items, they have to go and return them in person, and they have to personally compensate for the damaged public facilities. During the march, seeing that the soldiers were tired, Dong Biwu would also run before and after to encourage everyone, so that he kept going back and forth, and I don't know how many miles more than others!
Dong Biwu, who was close to 50 years old, saw that the staff were tired, and often went to help them carry the stretcher. The comrades teased him while pulling him to his feet, and took a".Clay Man DongEveryone laughed, and Dong Biwu saw that everyone was happy, and he also had fun together.
After the Zunyi meeting, ** and *** cared about the physical condition of Dong Biwu and other old comrades, and arranged a horse for each of them. But Dong Biwu did not get on the horse, he used this horse to carry food, the wounded and sick, and books, and he stood in front of him, pulling the reins and walking forward. The comrades around him were afraid that he would not be able to hold on, so they persuaded him to go up and ride a horse, but Dong Biwu insisted on refusing. During the march, sympathetic to the feverish wounded, Dong Biwu gave him a horse to ride, and led the horse to explore the way for everyone, passing through a slope, below is a steep cliff, the horse stopped and did not dare to go, Dong Biwu pulled hard, the horse suddenly accelerated and ran, Dong Biwu did not have time to react, and was pulled by this force and rolled down the slope with the horse, fortunately there was a tree below, which allowed him to survive.
On the way to stay overnight, the staff always arranged for him to live in a relatively better house, considering that Dong Biwu was old, but Dong Biwu refused to do so. Every time he stayed, he would first check on the accommodation of the rest of the fighters, and if he found that he was living better than others, he would move out of his luggage and go to the worst house without hesitation. It is precisely because of his considerate care that the soldiers in the team are like a spring breeze, and no matter how difficult they are, they never shout that they are tired.
In 1937, in order to resist the invasion of the Japanese invaders, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperated again, and because Dong Biwu also had a high reputation among the Kuomintang, when directing the staff to go to Wuhan and Chongqing to deal with affairs, Dong Biwu was sent to take up his post.
In order to collect information on our party, the Kuomintang pretended to be a position to plant a number of hidden piles in the Communist Party office in Chongqing, and Dong Biwu was also aware of this, so whenever the members of the organization wanted to discuss major matters in the room, he would open a very loud Peking opera, so that even if the spies were close, as long as they did not open the door, it would not hurt to find out the information of our party. Moreover, in order to prevent searches, every time he went out, Dong Biwu would instruct the driver to hide outside and go around a few times, and only return to the room after making sure that there were no spies following him.
Dong Biwu's caution, letHairy Phoenixwas very annoyed, whenever his subordinates missed, he secretly scolded Dong Biwu in his heart for causing him too much trouble. Such a state also made Chiang Kai-shek a little doubtful of his ability, because every time he asked him for news, he always said:"Commission, forgive the incompetence of his subordinates, Dong Biwu is too strict in defense, and he has not found any information! ”
Once, the Kuomintang held a banquet, Dong Biwu was present to participate, at the banquet, he specially found Mao Renfeng and said to him: "Director Mao has not seen you for a long time, you have worked very hard during this time!" ”
Mao Renfeng understood that he was mocking himself, but because he didn't have enough capital to refute, even if he was angry, he could only endure it.
In 1945, when the world anti-fascist war was about to be won, the heads of state of the three major countries of the Soviet Union, Britain and the United States held a political conference, and after the meeting, they issued a statement saying that they had decided to formally establish the United Nations and decided to convene an "international conference of the United Nations" on April 25.
The importance of this meeting can be imagined, and after consultations, the country decided to send Dong BiwuSong ZiwenGu Weijunand others to participate.
During the meeting, Dong Biwu used his unique solemn and peaceful gentlemanly demeanor to conquer the famous diplomat Gu Weijun, in his later years, the intellectual still did not forget the shock that Dong Biwu brought him, he said:"I had many discussions with Dong Biwu, and he was the oldest member of the delegation, a man who had studied ancient books, and he was gentle and elegant, but quite shrewd. ”
On June 25 of that year, the objectives of the conference were achieved, and the new Charter of the United Nations was adopted and it was decided to hold a signing ceremony on the 26th. At the beginning of the ceremony, Dong Biwu, as a representative of the Chinese Communist Party, solemnly left his name on the charter.
In addition to this incident, Dong Biwu profoundly understood how difficult it was for him to be able to openly act in the United States for the first time as a high-ranking cadre of the Communist Party of China.
He took advantage of this rare opportunity and began to work hard to break the news blockade that the Kuomintang had been holding on to the liberated areas and expand the influence of the Communist Party overseas. In order to achieve his goal, he asked his assistants Zhang Hanfu and Chen Jiakang, together with members of overseas party groups, to take advantage of the favorable conditions at that time to write and publish in English the "Actual Records of China's Liberated Areas," in which he openly and openly introduced in detail the economic and political changes in the revolutionary Soviet areas under the wise leadership of the Communist Party of China in front of delegations of major countries, journalists, and the American people. He also explained to him the extraordinary achievements made by the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army in the War of Resistance Against Japan. At that time, a newspaper established by overseas Chinese also published the news in a conspicuous position in its newspaper.
Before leaving the venue, the group first visited Chinese friend Smedley, writer Pearl Say, and others, and then went to visit some high-level figures in the United States, local journalists, overseas Chinese, and others in a friendly manner, exposing to them the essence of the national **, and introducing the fine policy of the Communist Party of China, through which they won the support and sympathy of people from all walks of life overseas for China's War of Resistance Against Japan.
Overseas Chinese Kwong (kuàngZhizhong once mentioned: ".In 1945, when major countries formed the United Nations, the people sent Soong Ziwen to visit New York, however, after Soong Ziwen arrived in New York, he only knew to stay in his luxury hotel and refused to go to Chinatown to give a speech. Unlike him, Dong Biwu, a representative of the Communist Party, often attended lectures organized by overseas Chinese, and spoke to overseas Chinese on the stage, leaving a deep impression on the local overseas Chinese.
Since then, Dong Biwu's goal has been successfully achieved, and on November 20, he took a flight back to China, and six days later, he returned to Chongqing smoothly.
These various events undoubtedly do not prove to us what a strong and hard-working comrade Dong Biwu is, he is dedicated to the party and the party, and because of this, when there is any major event in the country, the CCP is always willing to let him take on great responsibilities.
So, in January 1950, when the Communist Party of China needed a comrade to temporarily act as prime minister, it did not hesitate to propose that Dong Biwu should be given this great responsibility. After discussion, the rest of the leaders also thought that Dong Biwu had this qualification.
On January 10, 1950, ** took Ye Jizhuang, ** and other comrades on the train to Moscow, and Dong Biwu took the post of premier.
During this time, China experienced severe disasters and food became a scarce commodity. Dong Biwu withstood the pressure and instructed the place **:"No one is allowed to starve to death in the face of natural disasters! ”
This instruction soon spread all over the country, and the people were infected by his courage, and the victims all had the motivation to live, and finally, with the joint efforts of the people, in just three or four months, 22 were raised4.2 billion catties of grain and deliver them to every victim. Dong Biwu has lived up to the trust of the leaders in him!