On February 15, 2024, the sixth day of the first lunar month, I went to Wujiang Village, and my real feeling is: there is not so much poetry and picturesqueness, and the Internet is all deceitful. Why do I say that? And listen to me slowly, impartially, not blowing or black, and seeking truth from facts.
Wujiang Village is a scenic spot that was unfinished many years ago, and it was originally a ferry port on the Wujiang River, called Cattle Stealing Ferry. After the resurrection, the trial operation began on February 1, 2022, and the official operation has been in operation since May 1, 2022.
Wujiang Village was originally named Jianxin Township. At the end of 1952, Jianxin Township was renamed Jianshe Township; In September 1958, Jianshe Township was renamed Jianshe Commune; In April 1959, the construction brigade was renamed the construction management area; In September 1961, the administrative area was abolished and merged to form a commune; In May 1984, Jianshe Commune was renamed Jianshe Township; In September 1992, Jianshe Township was renamed Jianshe District; In December 2003, the merged administrative villages (residences) of the area were abolished, and the construction area was renamed as Jianshe Village. In 2016, the Wujiangzhai International Tourism Resort project settled in Jianshe Village and was renamed Wujiang Village.
Wujiang Village is a very small village inhabited by ethnic minorities, especially the Miao people. At that time, in order to resist foreign enemies, wild beasts and save arable land, the Miao people built stilted buildings along the mountains and rivers, and of course, the water was also to solve the transportation problem. The topography of Wujiangzhai is high in the north and low in the south, steep in the west and gentle in the east; The river runs slowly through the village from east to west, and the mountain narrows.
Wujiang Village is located at the southwest end of Shangji Town, Banzhou District, Zunyi City, at the junction of Xinmin Town, with high mountain peaks in the north, slopes in the south, high and flat peaks, and a typical karst landform. Villagers of nine ethnic groups, including Han, Miao, Gelao, Buyi, Tujia, Yi, Li, Shu and Dong, have lived here for generations.
The stilted building of Wujiang Village is no different from the stilted building in other places, it is also built according to the mountain situation, connected into a piece, living near the water, some are hanging along the river, some are hanging on the cliff, some are by the stream, some are beside the waterfall, and some are even in the water. Archways, theaters, temples, towers, dwellings, wind and rain bridges and other buildings, each according to the topography, each with a different demeanor, carved dragon and phoenix, flying eaves and corners.
Well, let's get down to business!
Dafan ethnic minority settlements, especially the Miao people, the houses they live in are a major feature, and they can't help but sigh when they see the stilted buildings, and the wisdom of the Miao people is really amazing. But when the eyes skimmed, there were several modern concrete buildings in the field of vision, mixed with the stilted buildings, suddenly like eating a fly, vomiting, foreign but not earthy. This is a rat that spoils a pot of soup, and this is a snake to add to it.
In my cognition, the traditional imprint and lifestyle are the biggest carrier of interest and charm in tourism, the imprint exists in the details, and the lifestyle exists among the people, but these are often lost in the current large-scale development and construction. In the development process, the construction of standardization and engineering always ignores the details, making the picture monotonous, indifferent, and lacking charm. It leads to the demise of local culture and real life, and it is difficult to find the true taste after making people full with modern lighting and architecture. This trend and practice of "decorating traditional architecture with modernity" is very unappetizing.
If you look closely, the rows of wooden buildings are all empty, and when you look through the windows, you can see a mess of things, tools and leftover materials from the construction process. The most important thing is that the appearance of all the stilted buildings is dusty, and the surface is covered with a lot of dust, and there are patches of gray feeling. If a stilted building is compared to an old man with vicissitudes of life, then countless old people have no spirit, only a body without a soul, no life, and their complexion is dull, which is terminally ill in terms of disease diagnosis and treatment. What impressed me more was that I heard a foreign accent say a foul word on the big screen at that time: a few bad buildings, watch a ball!
Villages and small towns, in my opinion, are the most interesting places in the human environment, because they are the places closest to the relationship between man and nature, full of vitality and vitality, and often have the most obvious imprint of human beings adapting to and using nature for thousands of years. And these imprints are precisely the most distinctive elements. But now Wujiang Village, the first thing people see, the most superficial feature, is precisely the little lights hidden in the village, they are full of modern characteristics, but there is no original ecology.
The old stilted building itself is a scarce resource, and in order to cater to the development of tourism, commercial buildings have been built here, which appear abrupt and nondescript. On the surface, some local villagers sold or rented out their old houses and became rich, but they may have lost more. Electric lights were hung in front of the door to beautify the night scene, but the tranquility and mystery of sitting on the mountain and watching the stars were completely gone. Many people originally wanted to escape the hustle and bustle of the city and get close to the original mountains, but when they arrived, they found that they still felt like they were in the city.
So many people say that they thought it was good at first, but now they don't feel it anymore, and everything is fake. The impact of the economic tide has made Wujiang Village no longer "original", but has become unrecognizable, with the result that the culture of ethnic minorities cannot be inherited and developed, the second is that it may eventually be crowded, and the third is the destruction caused by the increase in tourists. After all, one day people will know the "true face" of Wujiang Village, who is willing to drive hard to spend money and be angry? Looking for guilt?
The consequence of commercialization is that everything is "money", and the places that tourists can see from the gate of the scenic spot are inns, restaurants and vending shops, all under the guise of the Miao family. Simple? Natural? How many are really Hmong themselves? And how many of them are dressed in Miao customs?
By the way, the food in Wujiang Village is not generally expensive, but twice or even three times more expensive. Speaking of what I personally experienced, I took my children to eat at noon, I originally wanted to stir-fry and eat, but I didn't find a restaurant for fried home-cooked food, all kinds of snacks in Zunyi, so I went to eat dumplings, 20 yuan a part asked for two copies, 40 yuan, and I also deliberately counted only 10; When I came back, I bought a few big buns, usually 2 yuan a kind, here is 6 yuan a piece, I bought 3 18 yuan. In today's soaring prices, if you want to rank second, what rises the fastest, I think, the first honor must be Wujiangzhai's dumplings and big buns, it must be deserved. The others are not bought, not spoken.
Some tourists rent Miao costumes to wear tours, and listen to other people's conversations and learn: rent Miao clothes and pants for 150 yuan, hats for 150 yuan, plus makeup fees. Relatively speaking, tourists from other provinces rarely see Miao costumes and villages, rarely see mountains and rivers, and have a high interest in the food, clothing, housing and transportation of ethnic minorities. I took a look and found that the vast majority of people who rent clothes are from other provinces.
Foreign tourists are always fascinated by the traditional Chinese folk culture hidden in ancient villages, but they don't know that the scene presented to them has been detached from the traditional connotation in terms of form and content.
I suddenly remembered the words of Mr. Chen Zhihua, a professor at the School of Architecture at Tsinghua University and an advocate of Chinese vernacular architecture, who said: "A publishing house has asked me to publish a relatively comprehensive set of books on Chinese vernacular architecture. To be honest, this set of books can't be made anymore, and a lot of them don't have ...... anymore. In such an era of increasingly unclear and drastic changes, on the one hand, a few researchers of vernacular architecture have gone to great lengths to explore the ancient villages in the remote countryside and speak out for documentation and protection. On the one hand, the mainstream planning industry and local governments are indiscriminately fabricating pseudo-traditional culture for the sake of temporary interests.
The impact of excessive commercialization on the natural environment and the inheritance of humanities and culture cannot be ignored. The most prominent is the impact on the natural environment of the scenic spot, because the scenic spot pays attention to the economic interests and ignores the carrying capacity of the scenic spot and its own protection, a large number of tourists have influxed into the Wujiang Zhai forest area, the farming area has produced different degrees of harm, and the domestic garbage brought by tourists has not been treated in a timely and correct manner, which also makes the pollution of the scenic spot aggravated, and where is the domestic wastewater of the scenic spot discharged? The location of Wujiang Village itself is very low. On the way back, we were in the stilted building under the entrance of the West District, and saw that the woods on the riverbank were full of white garbage, including food packaging plastic boxes, waste paper, etc.
Some scholars say that when a large number of tourists enter a society with the characteristics of original ecology, nature, tradition, etc., the "structural chain" within the society is likely to be broken, and the culture of the local characteristic culture, which is regarded as a "rare tourist resource", will soon disappear or undergo fundamental changes. For Wujiang Village, most of the tourists come from economically developed areas, and they inherit the "strong culture", among which the Han culture has a greater impact on the Miao village culture. Compared with foreign cultures, Miao culture often becomes a "weak culture", and the impact of "strong culture" leads to a serious impact on the unclear understanding of its own culture.
The resources of the scenic spot should be rationally developed, and the development should not be carried out without restraint and planning. The protection of the ecological environment is mainly the protection of the natural environment, which is the basic environment of tourist attractions, and it is also the environment that is most vulnerable to damage. The damage to the natural ecological environment caused by tourism includes not only the destruction of individual natural elements, but also the destruction and pollution of the environment as a whole. Therefore, the protection of the natural ecological environment of the tourist attraction should be based on the characteristics of the natural environment in the tourist attraction, and the protection should be carried out in a focused manner, and the corresponding protection should be taken in several aspects such as ancient buildings, soil, plants, wild animals, noise, and atmosphere.
The protection of tourism resources and environment is to protect the special environmental characteristics in the scenic area, such as the main attraction landscape; On the other hand, it is to control the tourist reception volume of tourist attractions within a reasonable capacity, so as to maintain the coordinated evolution of the ecological environment and ensure the rational use of land in tourist attractions. In addition, the implementation of environmental protection, but also to fully embody the principle of people-oriented, that is, the tourist attractions are ultimately designed for human tourism activities, to achieve the coordination of people and the environment, that is, the planning should meet the needs of tourism functions and aesthetics at the same time, to achieve the balance of economic values and human values, to create a full of aesthetic experience, to meet the requirements of low cost and development, operation technology, to provide the convenience of tourism management in the later stage.
Culture is the root of a nation and the soul of a nation. The protection of ancient buildings and their surrounding environment is an important part of the protection of cultural heritage, and the protection of the rational development and utilization of ancient buildings is of great significance to the development of the city and the inheritance of culture. At the same time of economic development, China gradually realizes the importance of the integration of culture and economy, and the two complement each other, only by balancing the relationship between the two and coordinating development, can we ensure the long-term sustainability of culture, the country's civilization is rich and strong, and can we promote the protection and rational use of national cultural relics and ancient buildings.
Respect the original appearance of the building and strive for true reproduction. Maintaining the most primitive and original appearance of the building is the most fundamental starting point for the protection of the former residences of literati. In the study of history, everything must start from the "ancient", so it is necessary to maintain the original flavor of historical buildings, so that the real history can be displayed in front of people's eyes, and then we can understand and study historical figures in depth, so that the ancient can be used for the present, and the history and culture can be inherited.
In-depth excavation of the cultural connotation of cultural relics and ancient buildings. Every ancient building must have a story behind it, and the owner of the house must have a well-known work that will be handed down to future generations. Through ancient buildings, we want to let tourists see not only an ancient building, but also let tourists understand the story of humanity, guide more people to read the works of celebrities, understand the cultural connotation behind ancient buildings, and let Chinese culture be passed down from generation to generation, with a long history and carried forward.
Starting with the law, raise the public's awareness of the protection of cultural relics. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and local governments have successively issued a series of regulations on the protection of cultural relics. In addition, the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that the needs of the Chinese people have changed from mainly satisfying material needs to mainly satisfying spiritual needs. Strengthening the protection of national cultural relics and ancient buildings is to strengthen the cultural construction of society, which can promote the creative transformation and innovative development of China's excellent traditional culture, and is also conducive to our construction of a socialist cultural power, which is in line with the development requirements of the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Introduce scientific and technological talents to promote the modernization of protection. Modern science and technology are advancing with each passing day, and scientific and technological talents are introduced through scientific and technological means. The introduction of high-tech elements, committed to the network platform management and cultural relics value development two aspects. Network platform management is mainly divided into pre-development and post-operation. In the early stage of development, it is necessary to introduce specialized talents, and in the later stage, the internal personnel of the department should be trained to master the basic use methods. Among them, the development of cultural value is the top priority, and it is also a major core of the protection of ancient buildings. The number of people who are very proficient in the protection of the former residences of celebrities in China is very small, coupled with the obvious lack of attention to the former residences of celebrities in China, there are few management cases that can be used for reference in China, and there are few relevant talents. The state shall actively encourage and guide the cultivation of relevant talents.
Strictly speaking, traditional villages inherit the essence of traditional Chinese culture, are the non-renewable cultural heritage of agricultural civilization, and are an important bridge to inherit traditional culture and the spirit of the times. However, it backfired! Wujiang Village, whether it is from the east or the west area to enter, is nothing more than to walk along the river, take a walk, take a look at the various small shops, Zunyi's various snacks, that's all, as for the culture of Wujiang Village almost did not see the display, only rely on the "Enrong Fang" archway can not support, this is a bit like a tree without roots, water without a source. Nowadays, it is no longer a primitive ecological and cultural custom, only a group of businesses waiting for groups of tourists to visit.
There are not so many wind and snow here, there are not so many poetic and picturesque here, there are not so many rainy alleys with oil-paper umbrellas here, only once you have been here, you will never want to come again.