The Qing Dynasty system was not more advanced than that of the Ming Dynasty, so why could a snake swallow an elephant? The reason behind it.
The fall of the Ming Dynasty was more due to its own reasons. This was due to some factors within the Ming Dynasty, which led to the boiling of popular resentment in the last years of the Ming Dynasty, which triggered a large-scale peasant uprising and finally overthrew the Ming Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty's eventual success in ruling the world was also somewhat accidental. Moreover, as far as the system is concerned, compared with the two, the system of the Ming Dynasty is undoubtedly more perfect, and the Manchurian regime in the northeast is not perfect, but the advanced nature of the system not only did not show advantages in the war, but became a constraint, too many constraints, and slow efficiency.
The main reason for the fall of the Ming Dynasty was its own reasons.
There are internal and external causes for everything to happen. As far as the fall of the Ming Dynasty is concerned, I think the influence of internal factors was greater, and it was the internal factors that ultimately led to the fall of the Ming Dynasty.
1.Corruption in the late Ming Dynasty. This is the main factor that led to the poor operation of the entire empire, whether it was the sudden wealth, or the serious disputes between the parties in the imperial court, the collapse and corruption at all levels, which directly led to the basic paralysis of the late Ming Dynasty. Under the extreme suspicion of Emperor Chongzhen, the Ming Dynasty was almost completely abandoned.
2.Land annexation is severe. The royal family, the imperial court**, and the large landlord class competed with the people for profit and annexed land, leading to the general bankruptcy of small landlords and ordinary peasants; The loss of basic livelihood security for small landowners and peasants who had lost their land led to frequent peasant uprisings, which eventually led to widespread uprisings across the country.
3.The burden on the people has increased. The Ming Dynasty was prevalent in agricultural taxes, and since most landlords, local tyrants, officials and the royal family enjoyed privileges, they could evade taxes in various ways, which put the burden of the imperial court on the common people, making the people miserable, and finally they could only embark on the road of resistance.
4.Long-term natural and man-made disasters. Since the 17th century, the Ming Dynasty has entered the Xiaoice period, drought, plague, locust plague and other disasters one after another, and the corruption of the imperial court ** not only means that the victims cannot be rescued by the imperial court, but also due to the exploitation of ** at all levels, the suffering of the victims is even deeper.
5.The collapse of the health system. As the main military force of the Ming Dynasty, the guard system can be said to have completely collapsed in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. Under the pressure of the first at all levels, the combat effectiveness of the guards was extremely low, and the original guards stationed in various places could not play the role of suppressing local rebellions at all, and could only draw troops from all over the country to deal with the rebellions in various parts of the imperial court and even border towns.
6. Ineffective reform measures. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the imperial treasury was empty, so it began"Open source and reduce expenditure", Results"Open source"With little success"Throttling"The results are too great. For example, they decided to abolish the game in order to reduce the cost of darts due to the excessive expenditure of darts in various places. These measures not only relieved the financial pressure of the imperial court, but also caused many lower-level ** unemployed, including Li Zicheng.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the entire Ming Dynasty could be said to be on the verge of collapse, and various problems were intertwined, and there was no way out.
The company's strengths were not exploited.
It stands to reason that in the Ming Dynasty, this system has been established for more than 200 years, and the Manchu Qing Dynasty is undoubtedly more complete, and although the Manchu Qing Dynasty in the northeast has a relatively simple institutional structure, the advantages of this system have not been fully reflected, but have become the resistance of the Ming Dynasty.
1.The system is perfect, but it causes inefficiency. The system of the Ming Dynasty was too perfect, resulting in too many interconnections between the things proposed and the things implemented, often involving the interests of all parties, and the games and compromises between the parties could reach an agreement, which undoubtedly took a lot of time and energy. Comparatively speaking, the Manchus were more efficient, precisely because the system was relatively simple, and things could be done quickly.
2.Although the system is perfect, it has caused too many constraints. This is also because the system of the Ming Dynasty is too perfect, so that doing one thing or carrying out one thing often requires the coordination of different departments, but due to the factions and interests of the imperial court, this coordination is not only not close enough, but also stuck, not only does not play the role of incentive, but plays a counterproductive role, making it restricted everywhere. On the other hand, on the side of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, because the system was relatively simple, there was no such problem, and when there were specific things, it was not easy to encounter constraints.
The general disconnect in public administration is the main reason why the advantages of the system have not been realized. The advantages of an integrated system are initially reflected in the fact that the leaders at all levels, in all departments, take responsibility for their own tasks and have a reliable procedure to get the job done. If the Chief Executive's will is clear and all departments work together, the advantages will certainly be very obvious; Conversely, if the Chief Executive is not determined, this advantage will become an obstacle.
The Manchu conquest of the world was a coincidence.
After talking about the difficulties of the Ming Dynasty, let's talk about the process of the Manchu Qing Dynasty conquering the world. From Li Zicheng's attack on Beijing, which led to the fall of the Ming Dynasty, to the entry of the Manchu Qing Dynasty and the overthrow of Li Zicheng's regime, and then to the later anti-Qing restoration of the Ming Dynasty, there were too many possibilities during this period.
If it weren't for Li Zicheng's actions, which led to Wu Sangui completely defecting to the Manchu Qing Dynasty after attacking the capital, and letting the Manchus enter the customs, it would be difficult for the Qing Dynasty's national strength at that time to compete for the world. Just as Li Zicheng attacked the capital from Xi'an and soon destroyed the Ming Dynasty, Li Zicheng was quickly defeated before he could gain a foothold in the capital. Before the new regime was established, he again became a bandit with impunity.
If Li Zicheng had taken the lead in establishing political power after entering the pass, and then had to conquer and surrender Wu Sangui to gain time to consolidate his rule, then even if Li Zicheng shared the country with the Southern Ming Dynasty, and even if the Manchu Qing occupied Monan, it would have been extremely difficult to enter the Xiayang River and then defeat Li Zicheng, as it had been at that time.
However, Li Zicheng's self-abandonment not only prevented him from surrendering to Wu Sangui, but also because of his actions, he instigated the Manchus to enter the customs and eventually defeated the Manchus, thus giving the Manchus a chance to enter the customs.