Speaking of the Zongheng family during the Warring States Period, Zhang Yi was the first to be recommended, followed by Su Qin, one was the originator of Lian Heng, and the other was the ancestor of Hezong, the two turned the world upside down in the early Warring States period, and the princes were sideways.
Zhang Yi was the prime minister of Qin, and he sent envoys to the six countries of Shandong many times, and used the technique of connecting and horizontally breaking the strategy of combining and verticalizing, especially playing the king of Chu Huai in the palm of his hand, showing the style of a great grandmaster.
And Su Qin Pei 6 countries were sealed, lobbying the six countries to join forces with Qin, so that the Qin soldiers did not dare to send a letter to Guguan for 15 years, and the power of scheming became the leader for a while.
The two are often considered by the world to be evenly matched.
But in fact, the two are not people of the same era at all, according to a record called "Warring States Zongheng Family Book" unearthed from the Mawangdui Han Tomb, the age difference between the two is dozens of years, Zhang Yi died in 309 BC, and Su Qin died 25 years later in 284 BC.
There is actually someone else who fights with Zhang Yi. l
He is Gongsun Yan, who was the prime minister of Qin, Wei, and Han three times.
Gongsun Yan is a native of the Yin Jin Dynasty of the Wei State, in 340 years ago in the Wei State as a general, as the "rhino head" position, once suggested that Wei Hui Wang Ming and Qi befriended the State of Chu, and secretly made friends with the State of Chu, and later the Battle of Xuzhou broke out in Qi and Chu, Wei profited from it, and Gongsun Yan was a blockbuster.
However, later Gongsun Yan was unhappy in the Wei State, so he jumped ship and ran to the Qin State.
Prior to this, King Qin Hui wiped Wei Ying, but it was basically "right for people and not right things": the "leader" of the law change was killed, the policy of law change continued to be implemented, and the Qin State was growing up day by day!
As a new monarch, King Qin Hui's biggest dream is to inherit the legacy of the previous king, recover the lost land in Hexi, break out of the Hangu Pass, and compete with the Central Plains power!
The ideal is very plump, but the reality is very skinny, and there are not many problems faced by the Qin State at that time.
To the west and north of the Qin State is the Hexi Corridor, a nomadic area of ethnic minorities, with Rong to the west and Di to the north, not only the Gobi with flying sand and rocks, the desert with yellow sand, but also the endless grassland.
To the south of the Qin State is the barbarian settlement of Baguo and Qianzhong, where the mountains are steep, easy to defend and difficult to attack, there are many "wild people" and more wild beasts.
To the east of the Qin State is the Hexi and Hangu Passes occupied by Wei, and the Wei State relied on the Yellow River and the natural dangers of the Kunshan Mountains to close the Qin State for 25 years.
In the face of such a geographical environment, as a Ming monarch who is determined to be a national shame and win the Central Plains, King Qin Hui is thirsty for talent, so as soon as Gongsun Yan arrived in Qin, he was appointed as Daliangzao, which was also the highest-level military attache of Qin at that time, and its predecessor was the famous Shang Ying, which shows how much King Qin Hui attached importance to Gongsun Yan, which may also be the fundamental reason why Gongsun Yan abandoned Wei and returned to Qin (the history books do not mention it).
Regarding the urgent issue of Qin's eastward expansion, Gongsun Yan, who was appointed as a new official, quickly submitted a feasibility study report to King Qin Hui after careful and meticulous analysis.
He pointed out in his report that this is a good time to clean up the Wei State for four reasons:
First, since the Battle of Guiling, the Wei State has been defeated repeatedly, and now it is a "paper tiger".
Second, the Wei State had no elite soldiers and good generals available, and the defense in the Hexi region was weak, so the Qin army could take advantage of the weakness.
Third, the "Xuzhou Prime Minister" made the political status of Wei fall to the bottom, and it was psychologically vulnerable.
Fourth, Chu and Zhao are busy cleaning up the Qi country, regardless of the idle affairs in the west.
If you don't take it, you will be harmed", King Qin Hui made a decision and appointed Gongsun Yan as a general to raise troops to attack Wei. This is the first battle of Qin against Wei after the "King of Xuzhou", King Qin Hui and Gongsun Yan never expected that the "paper tiger" of Wei was actually made of napkins! As soon as the Qin army came over, before the formation could be launched, Wei announced a ceasefire and ceded land for peace. And the place where it was cut is Gongsun Yan's hometown - Yin Jin.
For Gongsun Yan, "recovering his hometown" is a great glory in life. For King Qin Hui, taking Yin Jin into his pocket actually removed a major obstacle to his eastward advance. Therefore, King Qin Hui, who was very happy, immediately ordered to change Yin Jin to "Ning Qin".
Since Wei is so easy to fight, then continue to fight! In 331 BC, Gongsun Yan sent troops to attack Wei again, this time on a larger scale, and the army swept across the entire Hexi region, and the "napkin tiger" Wei State could not resist it at all. The Qin army captured Long Jia, the chief general of the Wei army, and beheaded 80,000 people, and the Wei state was forced to "return" the entire Hexi to the Qin state. The grand wish that the two generations of monarchs failed to realize was realized in the hands of King Hui.
The state of Qin became more and more fierce, and King Wei Hui couldn't sit still. He must find a way to reverse Qin's aggressive offensive.
It was suggested to ** go over - to put it lightly! If you can beat it, can you still be beaten so badly? Someone suggested cutting the land and making peace - the rat's eyes are narrow! The Qin State is insatiable, and one day it will cut off the land of Wei, so what is the difference between that and the dead country?
It doesn't work to fight, and it's not appropriate to make peace, so what should I do? After thinking about it, King Wei Hui came up with a solution - smash it with money! Smash whom? - Gongsun Yan.
After receiving a bribe, "Gongsun Yan, who takes people's money and money, is still very professional, and immediately suggested to King Qin Hui: Wei is already a dead rat, and he can't squeeze any oil and water, there is no need to waste Qin's time and energy, and now the west of Daqin is unstable, and it is necessary to clean the backyard first."
King Qin Hui thought about it, and it seemed to be right, what was he doing staring at a dead mouse, so he was ready to clean up Xirong.
King Wei Hui exchanged money for a respite, but before he could rejoice, a man named Zhang Yi appeared. As soon as Zhang Yi came, Gongsun Yan was miserable, and King Wei Hui was even worse.
As soon as Zhang Yi came, he proposed to King Qin Hui: Wei was attacked on all sides, and it was when "the wall fell down and everyone pushed it, and the drums were beaten by ten thousand people", Gongsun Yan asked you to run in the field to practice long-distance running, which had ulterior motives.
King Qin Hui was still a little hesitant, Zhang Yi added another dose of fierce medicine, and said that Gongsun Yan is a Wei person, who serves Qin on the surface, but in fact his heart is towards Wei, which is "taking care of selfish interests and forgetting justice".
King Qin Hui woke up like a dream, and immediately ordered Zhang Yi to be a guest and accepted as a "confidant think tank", and gradually alienated Gongsun Yan. In 328 BC, Zhang Yi followed his son Hua to attack Wei, won a great victory in Puyang, and forced Wei to cede 15 counties in Shangjun. In the same year, King Qin Hui set up the post of prime minister, which was held by Zhang Yi. Gongsun Yan, who was once highly trusted, was even more ostracized, so he could only slap his ass and leave, and returned to the place where he made his fortune - Wei State.
King Hui of Wei ate several meals of "teppanyaki" in a row, and successively lost important military places such as Yin Jin, Hexi, and Shangdi, and the west was completely exposed to the threat of the Qin army. Miserable, he felt that there was no one to use, so he was eager to find talent. Now, the chef who made "teppanyaki" took the initiative to join Wei, and King Wei Hui did not remember his past grudges, and appointed Gongsun Yan as a general, and prepared to return a few copies of "teppanyaki" to Qin.
Thanks to Gongsun Yan, the "chef", today's Wei State is already full of holes and in danger. Gongsun Yan caused such a tragic situation with his own hands, and then cleaned up this mess with his own hands, it is really "creating things to make people"!
However, Gongsun Yan didn't have time to sigh so much, King Qin Hui's reuse of Zhang Yi would inevitably further suppress the Wei State, and he must take decisive measures to quickly reverse the passive situation of the Wei State.
Gongsun Yan thought about it again and again, and believed that there is only one way to go in today's Wei State - "sugar daddy", and the first choice is, of course, the Qi State, which is known as the "first power". Gongsun Yan believed that with Qi behind his back, the Qin State would not dare to use force against Wei easily.
Although the idea is good, the real problem is: there are no real benefits, why should Qi Guo support you? Therefore, in order for the Qi State to feel profitable, Gongsun Yan had to find a victim. searched and searched, and finally targeted the unlucky Zhao Guo.
In 327 BC, Gongsun Yan contacted Tian Pan, the general of Qi State, who was one of the deputy generals who followed Sun Bin to send troops and won the great victory in Maling. He mobilized Tian Pan to go to Zhao State to "fight the poor peasants and divide the fields", and swore that with Zhao Guo's little family background, we will each send 50,000 troops, and we can finish the matter in 5 months!
Tian Pan was idle, so he readily agreed, and the two families joined forces to kill Zhao Guo. As a result, the innocent Zhao Guo was beaten to the point that his nose was blue and his face was swollen, the general Han Ju was killed in battle, and Pingyi and Xincheng also fell. Qi Guo tasted the sweetness, became more interested, and became the backstage of Wei State, and the first "joint vertical" led by Gongsun Yan had an eyebrow.
However, the alliance between Qi and Wei soon aroused Zhang Yi's vigilance. The Qin State is not fighting for the Zhao State, but is worried that the cheap Qi and Wei will "get Longwang Shu", and if the Chu State is pulled into the gang again, maybe one day it will also Yin the Qin State.
In order to break Gongsun Yan's ruse of "conspiring against Qin", Zhang Yi began to take action against Wei. In 327 BC, Zhang Yi suggested to King Hui that he encircle the Wei state. Zhang Yi believed that the two cities of Jiao and Quwo were east of the Yellow River, and Qin's defense was inconvenient, so it was better to simply return them to their original owners and let Wei relax his vigilance.
King Hui of Qin adopted Zhang Yi's suggestion, and relations between Qin and Wei eased somewhat. In 326 BC, the Marquis of Zhao Su died, and the monarchs of various countries went to Handan to attend the funeral, and then met in Longmen.
Wei's small actions could not be concealed from Zhang Yi, he suggested that King Qin Hui first build a fortress in Shangjun, and in 324 BC, suddenly sent troops to attack Wei, and seized the gateway to the Central Plains - Shaanxi (now Sanmenxia, Henan), and the following year, he recruited Qi and Chu to meet the alliance in Mulberry to isolate Wei.
King Wei Hui was frightened, so he could only give in and attach himself to Qin. The first "joint column" of Wei, Qi, and Chu, which had not yet been fully formed, was strangled in the cradle.
Gongsun Yan had no choice but to retreat to the next best - to win over second-class powers such as Han, Zhao, and Yan to "huddle together for warmth".
The alliance of small states in order to protect themselves should not cause a strong reaction from the Qin state. Gongsun Yan didn't expect that although Zhang Yi did not bird him this time, the "Hezhong" still ended in failure.
In 323 BC, Gongsun Yan successfully contacted Han, Zhao, and Yan to participate in the "Xiangwang", and the self-incompetent Zhongshan Kingdom also followed suit, which is the famous "Xiangwang of the Five Kingdoms".
Among the Five Kingdoms, only Wei was crowned king as early as 344 BC, so the "Prime Minister of the Five Kingdoms" actually promoted the political status of Han, Zhao, Yan, and Zhongshan. Han was Wei's traditional ally, and Zhao, Yan, and Zhongshan received honorary benefits, so they were naturally willing to follow Wei. As a result, an alliance formed by a group of second-class small countries was formed, which was the second "joint column" planned by Gongsun Yan, and it was also the first large-scale "joint column" with the participation of multiple countries during the Warring States Period.
But this time, the biggest problem is the participation of Zhongshan State, needless to say Wei State, the first power in the early Warring States period, the strength of Han, Zhao, and Yan is not weak, and it is barely reasonable to call the king, but Zhongshan Kingdom is called the king of goods like this, and the value of the "king" has been reduced all of a sudden.
"Warring States Policy" recorded the reaction of the king of Qi at that time: "The widow is ashamed to be the king of Zhongshan. In other words, the "little kid" in Zhongshan also dares to be on an equal footing with Lao Tzu! Is it tolerable or unbearable!
The great powers are angry, and the consequences are serious.
Qi Guo pointed the finger at Zhongshan Guo, who did not know the height of the sky, and prepared to send troops to clean up this "little child". In the end, it was a strategist named Zhang Deng from Zhongshan who bribed Tian Ying and used clever tricks to abort Qi Guo's plan and save Zhongshan Guo's life.
The state of Chu in the south also couldn't hold back its anger and wanted to clean up the state of Wei, the initiator. Shortly after the "Five Kingdoms Prime Minister", King Huai of Chu sent his troops north, defeated the Wei army at Xiangling, and swept through the eight cities of Wei.
In the end, due to the armed intervention of the Chu State, the "joint column" planned by Gongsun Yan was once again strangled in the cradle.
Wei's two attempts to organize the "Hezhong" ended in failure, and King Wei Hui also lost patience and trust in Gongsun Yan, who advocated the "Hezhong". Zhang Yi knew very well that the root cause of the frequent "confluence" of the princes was that Qin's military pressure on Wei was too great, which made Wei "rush to the hospital in a hurry". If this pressure is not lifted, even if there is no Gongsun Yan, there will be a lot of people who engage in "co-indulgence". Therefore, Zhang Yi decided to personally go out and give the "Hezong" a "salary draw from the bottom of the kettle" - to engage in "Lianheng" and pull Wei into Qin.
In 322 BC, King Hui of Qin announced the removal of Zhang Yi from his position, and Zhang Yi came to Wei and persuaded King Hui of Wei to follow Qin and engage in "Lianheng".
Zhang Yi analyzed the geographical location and political environment of the Wei State, and "explained the facts and reasoned" to the Wei Hui King, so that the Wei State was dependent on the Qin State.
From the perspective of geographical environment, Wei is located in the hinterland of the Central Plains, and there is no natural danger to defend, whether Wei wants to or not, this is bound to be the "battlefield" of the major powers.
From the perspective of the political environment, Wei's national strength was declining, and only by relying on a large country could it survive. But whichever Wei preferred, it would be attacked by the other princes.
Based on this situation, Zhang Yi intimidated King Hui of Wei, saying that as long as Qin sent troops, he would immediately be able to sever Wei's ties with Qi, Chu, Zhao and other "co-vertical" states. If you pull South Korea to fight together, you can eat Wei Guo in one bite.
After the intimidation was over, it was to win over, and Zhang Yi analyzed for King Wei Hui, saying that if Wei was attached to Qin, Chu and Han would definitely not dare to move. What Qin really wants to deal with is the Chu State, if the Wei State leans against the big tree and helps Qin clean up Chu, it is actually for the Wei State to fight for itself, why not?
Zhang Yi said very temptingly, but King Wei Hui knew the details of the Qin State very well, so he didn't agree to kill him, saying that your Qin State took away so much land from my Wei State, and now you want to fight the Chu State, so come and pull me into the gang and give you the lead. If you want to move in, you can return the land first.
Wei Guo didn't eat soft and hard, and King Qin Hui was angry: I can afford you to join the gang, don't be ignorant! Want land, right? Have the ability to rob it!
Therefore, in order to cooperate with Zhang Yi's actions in Wei, King Qin Hui sent troops to attack Wei and captured the two cities of Quwo and Pingzhou in one fell swoop. The old lost land did not come back, but lost more territory, so King Wei Hui obediently obeyed, worshiped Zhang Yi as the prime minister, and Gongsun Yan ran away again.
At this time, Zhang Yi was nominally the minister of Wei, but secretly contacted the Qin state, but in fact was in charge of the two countries at the same time, and the first "Lianheng" between Qin and Wei was formally formed. After the Qin State co-opted Wei, it temporarily swept away the great trouble of the henchmen of the "Hezong", and turned its target to the easternmost Qi State.
In 322 BC, Qin borrowed from Wei and Han to attack the state of Qi. King Min of Qi, who had just succeeded to the throne for a year, appointed Kuang Zhang as a general to organize the resistance of the Qi army.
The battle was also interesting, and because of the equal strength, no one dared to attack rashly. As a result, the two armies set up camp on the front line to engage in a "sit-in", and you stared at me and I stared at you, but they didn't do anything, but only sent envoys to and fro frequently.
Kuang Zhang asked some people to wear the clothes of the Qin army and blend into the other party's military camp to "lurk", and some people didn't know what was going on, how could they see some old faces in the camp of the Qin State? Thinking that Kuang Zhang led the Qi army to prepare to surrender, he sued King Min of Qi.
The complainants were filed one after another, but King Qi Min, who was discerning and discerning, ignored all of them. Soon, Kuang Zhang saw that the time was ripe, took advantage of the chaos to attack, and defeated the Qin army far away from the labor division in one fell swoop.
The first shot of "Lian Heng" turned into a squib, which greatly encouraged the "Hezong faction" within the Wei State, and the pro-Qi forces raised their heads again. The threatened Qi and Chu also strongly demanded that King Wei Hui expel Zhang Yi. Zhang Yi was immediately expelled back to Qin, and Gongsun Yan also returned to Wei, and the official was reinstated.
Gongsun Yan continued to lobby various countries for the third "joint vertical". Since Qi and Chu had already felt the threat of Qin, this time the lobbying was quite smooth, and the trend of "merging and verticalizing" quickly took shape.
In 319 BC, King Hui of Wei died and King Xiang succeeded to the throne, and Qin took advantage of the new funeral of Wei to send troops to capture Yanling, prompting King Xiang to more firmly implement the "joint vertical" line.
In 318 BC, in order to reflect the power of "Hezhong", Gongsun Yan gathered the combined forces of the five kingdoms of Sanjin, Yan and Chu to prepare to attack Qin.
King Qin Hui once said that these countries engaging in "joint indulgence" are "even chickens", which is really to the point and to the point! The "Five Kingdoms Prime Minister" became a farce back then, and today's "Five Kingdoms Attack on Qin" is no better.
Chu and Yan dropped the chain first, and as soon as they sent out the troops, they threw down a sentence: "If there is something at home, go first." Only the three brothers Han, Zhao, and Wei, who were adjacent to Qin, carried out the original battle plan.
However, the Sanjin coalition army arrived at Hangu Pass with great momentum, and as soon as they saw the Qin army, they raced to change to reverse gear - with a bang on the accelerator, they escaped faster than anyone else.
Qin Guo was worried that he couldn't find a chance to fight, and of course the ducks sent to the door would not let go easily. The Sanjin coalition army was crushed at the first touch, and the Qin army took advantage of the victory to pursue and beat this nest of "even chickens" to the ground. Wei was beaten the worst, and the shrewd King Wei Xiang saw that the situation was not right, and immediately gave up the "joint column" and turned to Qin to sue for peace.
The Five Kingdoms attacked Qin", it was the Wei State that was at the head, and now that the boss has surrendered, what strength do you still resist? So South Korea declared a ceasefire and closed its stalls and returned home. Although Chu and Yan did not send troops, after all, they registered and made peace with Qin. In this way, the huge "Five Kingdoms Attack on Qin" was beaten into "a tree falling and scattered".
Qin has always been looking for an opportunity to send troops to the Central Plains, but this time it readily agreed to sue for peace, it turned out.
A "time bomb" that Gongsun Yan put in the backyard of the Qin State went off. This "bomb" is the small country Yiqu to the west of the Qin State.
One year, Yiqu Jun visited the Wei State. Gongsun Yan thought that this was an opportunity to give Qin State eye medicine, so he said to Yiqu Jun: "When the Central Plains countries do not fight Qin, the King of Qin will clean up your Yiqu, and once the Central Plains starts a war against Qin, the King of Qin will bribe you with a lot of money." ”
In 327 BC, King Hui of Qin forced the Yiqu monarch to submit by force, and this kind of bandit behavior of relying on the strong and bullying the weak has always made the Yiqu monarch angry.
When the Five Kingdoms attacked Qin, Gongsun Yan's prophecy came true, and King Qin Hui really gave Yiqujun a generous gift. Yiqujun admired Gongsun Yan's judgment so much that he was deeply touched by the capriciousness of the Qin State. So, taking advantage of the fact that Qin sent troops to resist the enemy and the country was empty, he led his troops to attack Qin and won a victory at Li Bo (now Tianshui, Gansu).
Facing a two-front battle, the Qin State panicked all of a sudden, and just as the Four Kingdoms were seeking peace, they also went down the stairs and took out part of their troops to return to China to clean up the Yiqu.
Why did Qin still leave a part of its troops at Hangu Pass? In addition to the fact that it doesn't take so many people to clean up the small Yiqu, what is more important is because among the five countries, only the four countries are soft, and the "tendon" Zhao State is still dead. Qin Guo looked up, everyone else took a step back, you Zhao Guo is still standing there stupidly, isn't this looking for a fight?
So, the Qin army rushed to kill Zhao State non-stop, and the Qi State who was sitting on the sidelines and watching the excitement was also energetic at this time, and followed Qin Guo to fight Taiping Boxing. Under the joint ravages of Qin and Qi, the slow Zhao State lost more than 80,000 troops, and the generals were killed, carrying a big black pot for the Wei State, and the third "joint column" collapsed again.
The attack on Qin failed, and Gongsun Yan completely lost the trust of King Xiang of Wei, and his life in Wei was not easy again. The minister Tian Xu took the opportunity to attack Gongsun Yan and seized his power. Gongsun Yan sat on the cold bench and couldn't mix it anymore, so he went to South Korea.
In 317 BC, Gongsun Yan was worshiped as the prime minister by King Xuanhui of Han.
At this time, the new prime minister of Wei was Tian Wen, and the prime minister of Qi was Tian Ying, and the two were father and son.
Gongsun Yan's every move was always watched by Zhang Yi.
In the first few rounds, Gongsun Yan shot first, and Zhang Yi dealt with it again, this time, Zhang Yi decided to "strike first", and his tricks were very simple: shoot the first bird and kill the chicken to show the monkey.
Qin State beating South Korea is like pinching an ant to death, if other countries don't help, South Korea has no chance to scream when it wants to die. The Qin army was invincible, annihilating more than 80,000 Korean troops in Xiuyu, capturing the main general of the Korean army, Shen Cha, and South Korea was in danger.
King Han Xuanhui was in a hurry, and Gongsun Yan could only solve the urgent need first, and he suggested that the disaster should be diverted to the south and the Chu State should be put into the water. He sued for peace, ceded land, and joined Qin and Chu.
Gongsun Yan saw it very accurately, and the Qin State had always regarded Chu as its main competitor, but it was difficult to deal with the two barbarians of Ba and Qianzhong, and he was never able to do it. Now that the Qin army is in Han, and Han borders Chu, it has suddenly become easier to attack Chu.
As a result, Qin Han quickly reached a preliminary intention for peace talks. When King Chu Huai got the news, he was immediately stupid: Didn't Qin Guo engage in South Korea, why did he come and go, and the two of them came to me hand in hand?
Although King Huai was a bit stupid, his adviser Chen Zhen was very shrewd, and he suggested that King Huai immediately gather heavy troops on the border between Chu and Han, and put on a posture to save Han from fire and water.
In order to disturb the situation of Han and Qin, King Chu Huai adopted Chen Zhen's suggestion.
According to Chen Zhen, the posture that Chu wants to put on is not to clean up South Korea, but to "save" South Korea.
The reason is very simple, if Chu wants to take advantage of the fire to rob, it is equivalent to forcing South Korea to send troops to attack Chu as soon as possible. South Korea was originally forced to defect to Qin, and if Chu can stand up and support it, South Korea's attitude is likely to change.
Chen Zhen's calculation was right, King Han Xuanhui saw that Chu State came to support him, and despite Gongsun Yan's dissuasion, he insisted on tearing up the letter of intent for peace talks, and replied to Qin State: If you have the ability, continue to fight!
King Qin Hui was furious, you have the guts to be fat, you dare to play with me! As a result, the Qin army intensified its offensive against South Korea, and South Korea was beaten miserably, but the Chu army always stood still, sitting on the border and watching the 3D live-action version of the war blockbuster. The isolated Han army suffered another crushing defeat, and Gongsun Yan, whose ambition was unrewarded, could only flee and return to Wei.
Since the "King of Xuzhou", the Wei State has always swayed between "combining vertical" and "horizontal", making the country weak and poor, and the chickens and dogs jumping. King Wei Xiang not only did not review his foreign policy, but instead put all the charges on Gongsun Yan's head. Gongsun Yan's old enemy Tian Xu took the opportunity to take revenge and killed Zhang Shou, the minister who had a grudge against Gongsun Yan, and blamed Gongsun Yan. Gongsun Yan was convicted and killed by King Wei Xiang.
The turbulent life of a generation of heroes comes to a sad end!
From 327 BC to 317 BC, Gongsun Yan successively planned four "joint verticals", but all of them ended in failure. Wei and Han did not get any benefits in the previous "joint verticals", but instead became the targets of Qin's great prostitution, and their national strength weakened even more. On the other hand, the Qin State, after 10 years of conquest, expanded its territory, increased its national strength, and made a large war windfall, which impressed the princes in the east, especially the once invincible Sanjin.
With Gongsun Yan's withdrawal from the stage of history, the first confrontation between "Hezhong" and "Lianheng" ended. However, Gongsun Yan is dead, and Zhang Yi is still there. The Three Jin didn't want to fight, but the Qin State was still unsatisfied, and continued to go east and south, until the appearance of Su Qin, the six eastern countries found a glimmer of light.