Today, I would like to introduce to you Chen Changhao, the general political commissar of the Red Fourth Front Army, and his family. Chen Changhao was born in 1909 in Daijiazhuang, Yong'anbao, Hanyang County, Hubei Province (now Yong'an Street, Caidian District), he was born in a farming family, but his family conditions were better for him to go to school.
When he was 4 years old, he began to study the traditional "Four Books and Five Classics" with Mr. Gu Daoan and Mr. Gan Youzhi, which laid a deep foundation for him in Chinese studies. In 1919, he had been studying in a private school for 6 years and chose to enter the middle school affiliated to Wuchang Private Zhonghua University.
At the age of 17, he was admitted to the private Wuchang Zhonghua University (today's Central China Normal University). At the age of 18, he transferred to what is now Wuhan University to study, and in the same year he joined the Communist Youth League.
Chen Changhao studied diligently in his early years and married early. When he was 16 years old, he married Liu Xiuzhen, a local lady, according to his parents' arrangement. Their relationship is very good, because Chen Changhao's eldest son Chen Zuze was born in 1926, and his second son Chen Zutao was born in 1928.
In other words, Chen Changhao made his wife pregnant twice in less than three years with Liu Xiuzhen, which is a sign of a good relationship between husband and wife. At the end of 1927, according to the instructions of his superiors, Chen Changhao bid farewell to his pregnant wife and went to study at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow.
In Moscow in the 1920s, Chen Changhao established a deep friendship with Bogu and others, and was known as one of the "twenty-eight and a half Bolsheviks". It was during this period that Chen Changhao met Du Zuoxiang, who was also one of the "twenty-eight and a half Bolsheviks", and the two fell in love at first sight and tied the knot.
In 1930, they returned from the Soviet Union, Chen Changhao was sent to work in the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet District, while Du Zuoxiang stayed in Shanghai to work. This time, however, the parting became a farewell.
In 1934, Du Zuoxiang was unfortunate in Shanghai, and despite being tortured and interrogated, she always insisted on not betraying her comrades and not writing a letter of surrender. Eventually, she was released in 1936, but she lost contact with the organization.
While working in Hubei and Zhejiang, she never recovered her status. In 1965, she retired as a Russian teacher at the Hangzhou School of Chemical Technology (now Zhejiang Institute of Technology).
In the Soviet Union, Chen Changhao and Du Zuoxiang were busy studying, and after returning to China, they were busy with work, and they had no children. However, during the Long March, Chen Changhao married Zhang Qinqiu, director of the Political Department of the Red Fourth Front Army, who was the highest-ranking female general during the Red Army's Long March, at which time her first husband Shen ** had died.
Zhang Qinqiu and Chen Changhao have no children. After the defeat of the Western Route Army, Chen Changhao did not return to Yan'an with ***, but returned to his hometown in Hanyang with some oceans.
It was not until August 1937, when the Kuomintang and the Communist Party had united to resist Japan, that he returned to the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningbo border area with his second son.
Zhang Qinqiu faced an embarrassing situation in 1939, her husband Chen Changhao took his second son to the Soviet Union for medical treatment, and her ex-wife Liu Xiuzhen came to Yan'an with her eldest son to "look for a husband".
Faced with this situation, Zhang Qinqiu showed incredible generosity and open-mindedness. She not only arranged a suitable job for Liu Xiuzhen, but also sent Chen Changhao's eldest son Chen Zuze to study at the Yan'an Academy of Natural Sciences.
Later, she arranged for Chen Zuze to study in the Soviet Union. Although they were once husband and wife, Zhang Qinqiu and Liu Xiuzhen's friendship lasted a lifetime. After the liberation, the marriage relationship between Zhang Qinqiu and Chen Changhao dissolved because Chen Changhao was unable to return to China.
However, Zhang Qinqiu did not give up on work because of this, but continued to work hard. Soon after, she was introduced to Su Jingguan, an old comrade-in-arms of the Red Fourth Front Army, as a husband and wife.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhang Qinqiu served as vice minister of the Ministry of Textile Industry for a long time, and her third husband, Su Jingguan, also served as vice minister of health for a long time. Zhang Qinqiu's story teaches us that even if we encounter difficulties in our marriage, we should maintain a generous and open-minded attitude, because this will not only help us solve problems, but also allow us to build deep friendships with others.
During Chen Changhao's inability to return to China due to the Soviet-German war and his long stay in the Soviet Union, his marriage to Zhang Qinqiu actually existed in name only. With the consent of the organization, they dissolved their marriage.
Chen Changhao stayed in the Soviet Union for nearly 14 years, during which time he worked in the Sun Wen Book Publishing Bureau, translated political books and literary works such as Lenin's Collected Works, and participated in the editing of the Russian-Chinese Dictionary.
During this time, he married Granna, a Moscow textile worker who was 11 years younger than him, and had their last son, Chen Zumo. Chen Zumo's name "Zumo" means that he was born in Moscow.
In the 60s of the 20th century, Chen Changhao and Grana separated due to the hostility between China and the Soviet Union. In order to protect Granna, Chen Changhao took the initiative to divorce her, hoping that she would take her youngest son back to live in the Soviet Union.
However, Granna's stubbornness made her decide to stay in China. After the reform and opening up, Grana returned to the Soviet Union with her son and daughter-in-law, but the Soviet side refused to let them stay there, and Grana had to return to China again.
Until the late 1980s, Mr. and Mrs. Chen moved to Australia with Grana, where Grana spent her later years.
After Chen Changhao divorced his ex-wife Granna, he met and fell in love with Meng Li, the female institute of the Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and entered the palace of marriage in 1965. However, the marriage did not last long, and Chen Changhao died in 1967.
After Chen Changhao's death, Meng Li did not remarry.
Chen Changhao was an important figure in the history of the Chinese revolution, but his two sons, Chen Zuze and Chen Zutao, made greater contributions than him after the founding of New China.
Chen Zuze is one of the main participants in China's first generation of nuclear submarines, and his professional experience and achievements fully demonstrate his contribution to the scientific and technological cause of New China. Chen Zuze went to Yan'an with his mother during the Anti-Japanese War, and Chen Changhao had already taken Chen Zutao to the Soviet Union at that time.
Zhang Qinqiu arranged work and study for them, which enabled Chen Zuze to enter the Yan'an Academy of Natural Sciences, and graduated from the Academy in 1944 to work in the security department of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningbo Border Region.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhang Qinqiu still paid attention to Chen Zuze's growth. Chen Zuze first entered the mechanical engineering department of the School of Engineering of Northeastern University, and then went to study at the Kalinin Institute of Technology in Leningrad, the Soviet Union, and returned to China in 1957.
He was appointed as the chief of the technical section of the Harbin Boiler Plant, and later transferred to the director of Room 35 of the 703 Institute and the director of the science and technology department of the institute. In 1974, Chen Zuze became the deputy director of science and technology and the director of the science and technology department of the 719th Research Institute of China State Shipbuilding Corporation, and continued to contribute to China's nuclear submarine industry.
From April 1982 to November 1989, he served as the vice president of the First Research and Design Institute of the former Nuclear Industry (now China Nuclear Power Research and Design Institute), and concurrently served as the director of the 105 Institute until his retirement.
The story of Chen Changhao and Chen Zutao's father and son shows vivid examples of how a family has contributed to the country in different historical periods. Their stories also tell us that no matter how the times change, everyone can contribute to the country and society through their own efforts.
Chen Zuze has made significant contributions to the research and development of China's first-generation nuclear power units and key materials. In this field, he is a well-known scientist who has repeatedly refused the opportunity to be transferred to Beijing, and has chosen to stick to the local area and contribute his own strength to the cause of national defense.
Sadly, the great scientist passed away in Wuhan on August 19, 2022, at the age of 96. His younger brother Chen Zutao may be more famous than him, he followed his father Chen Changhao to the Soviet Union in 1939, with his own efforts, with excellent results admitted to the Soviet Union Bauman Supreme Technical Institute, this school is similar to Tsinghua University in the Soviet Union, many Soviet ** children want to be unable to pass the exam.
Therefore, the "Kazakh Military Industry" was modeled after this famous school.
Chen Zutao: Welding major to "FAW" factory director Chen Zutao wanted to enter the Department of Atomic Energy at first, but was told that only Soviet students were accepted, so he was arranged to enter the welding major.
During his time at Baumann, he interned at the three major automobile factories of the Soviet Union, and in 1950 he participated as a temporary interpreter in the negotiations of the Chinese delegation on the machinery industry.
It was at that time that he was verbally assigned to work in the "FAW", even half a year earlier than the director of the "FAW" factory. After that, he remained in the Soviet Union as the representative of the "FAW" in the Soviet Union and was responsible for coordinating the work.
After returning to China in 1955, he successively served as the deputy director of the production preparation department, the deputy director and director of the process department of "FAW", and the director and chief engineer of the design department of Changchun Automobile Factory.
In the 60s of the 20th century, he participated in the design and construction of two production bases of the famous "Hongqi" car and the PLA military off-road vehicle. After that, he participated in the planning and design of large-scale projects such as Sichuan Automobile, BAIC, Nanqi, Jinan Automobile, Shenyang Automobile, Beinei, and Changtuo.
At the end of 1963, he was ordered to participate in the construction of the "Second Automobile" and served as the chief engineer and technical deputy director of the "Second Automobile". His career has been full of challenges and changes, but his dedication and talent have allowed him to achieve remarkable results in the field.
Chen Zutao: China's leading founder, the soul of FAW.
Chen Zutao passed away in Beijing on August 22, 2022 due to illness at the age of 94. Sadly, only three days ago, his eldest brother Chen Zuze also passed away in Wuhan.
Compared with Chen Zutao and Chen Zuze, Chen Changhao's youngest son Chen Zumo's achievements in his career are slightly bland.
Chen Zumo's family background can be simply summarized as follows: he was at the age when he should have received higher education, and he did not study seriously for ten years due to special reasons. In the late 80s of the 20th century, he moved to Australia with his wife and mother.