In 1955, before the Chinese People's Liberation Army held the award ceremony, ** presided over a report meeting on the award. When it was time to report on the work, the chairman raised his head and asked: "Among the comrades who are to be awarded the rank of general, how many Whampoa students are there?" That is, to ask how many students of the Whampoa Military Academy there are, hearing this question, ** was silent for a moment and then answered truthfully.
It's just that before pronouncing the last person's name, ** paused before speaking: "There is still ......."Duan Dechang. The moment I heard this name, a sad look flashed in my eyes. Duan Dechang is no stranger to them.
Mention that this great man has wept twiceHe is the confidant of the chairman, one of the 36 military strategists of the People's Republic of China, he and Zhou Yiqun together created the Honghu base area and the western Soviet region of Hunan and Hubei, and he is the introduction of the marshal to the party and the guide of the revolution. **Say: If he doesn't die, China will be established 10 years ahead of schedule. Looking at his deeds before his death, if it were not for his misjudgment that led to his killing, then at the time of the great award, it is very likely that he would be among the marshals, or at least the rank of general.
He is the commander of the 6th Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army - Duan Dechang.
However, Duan Dechang was immortalized in 1933. Thinking of him, ** couldn't help but feel sad. Disguisedly lit a cigarette and smoked silently. Seeing the tears in the corners of the chairman's eyes, ** my heart was also indescribably sour.
Duan Dechang, who was the chairman's confidant, was the chairman's best student, and was also the leader of his own revolutionary road. Complicated emotions came to his heart, and he stood up: "That's all for today's meeting." Hearing this, ** nodded heavily. Looking at the backs of getting up and leaving one by one, ** this side fell into deep memories.
Dechang: Ah, ......What's his name?
In August, Duan Dechang was born in Nanzhou, Hunan.
Duan's father is a person with advanced education, and he once studied in Japan, so naturally Duan Dechang was influenced by his father and accepted the influence of advanced culture.
For as long as he can remember, he remembered his father's teaching: "Now when the country is in danger, you must have a career when you grow up and serve the motherland!" ”
Since his father has been away from home and busy with his own business, Duan Dechang grew up with his grandmother. Grandmother is too old to do many things, Duan Dechang's father studied in Japan and occasionally sent back one or two books and periodicals, which became the only comfort for this child in the boring years.
It's just that Duan's father attaches great importance to education, and when Duan Dechang was 7 years old, he sent him to a private school to study. When Duan Dechang was ten years old, he was already quite famous, reading and literacy was not a problem, and the poems and couplets were exported into chapters. People in the neighborhood know him, and they will talk about him when they are free.
That kid of the Duan family is a prodigy! ”
By the way, what's his name? ”
Duan Dechang. "Yes, yes, Duan Dechang! ”
Thousands of dollars are easy to get, but bosom friends are hard to find.
In March, the spring breeze of Dongting Lake is just right.
In 1921, 17-year-old Duan Dechang studied in Nanxian Higher Primary School, and this year coincided with the first year of ChangshaProvincial Inspectorateidentity to understand the situation.
At that time, there was also a big incident in this school, the principal ** was corrupt, and the children in the school were made to eat spoiled food, and the students were miserable. Deeply affected by itDuan Dechang launched a rebellion among the students of the school, and the principal was dismissedBut at the same time, Duan Dechang was also given a warning for this.
Even when he rebelled with his students, Duan Dechang also wrote a report letter to *** who was far away in Changsha. So taking advantage of this opportunity, ** decided to meet this rumored teenager. It is precisely because of this "admiration" that the two hit it off at first sight!
However, after a few words of conversation, ** found that the young man in front of him was a young man with extremely "advanced thoughts".
After the May Fourth Movement, many young people who had studied in other places returned to the county to devote themselves to education work, hoping to get rid of the old evils and vigorously advocate new ......”
As soon as I heard this opinion, ** raised my head.
Then, Duan Dechang continued: "Although the teaching level of Nanxian County has improved a lot compared with the past, there are still some problems, especially the advanced culture and ideological ......”
**Listening attentively to Duan Dechang's words, I found that I coincided with many of his views on problems.
After some conversation, ** also learned about the education problems in Nanxian County, and instantly appreciated this 17-year-old boy.
This trip touched my heart a lot, and I deeply felt the importance of national education, and the task of transforming China is heavy and ......”
After speaking, he took out a magazine of "New Youth" from his bag and handed it to Duan Dechang: "This magazine, I guess you must like it." ”
Sure enough, Duan Dechang couldn't put it down at a glance: "Thank you, teacher, my father would bring me this kind of book when he came back from studying abroad, and I usually like to read these the most!" ”
Hearing this, ** also nodded with a smile.
That night, the two had a long talk and exchanged ideas.
What made Duan Dechang deeply encouraged and enthusiastic was such a sentence from ***
It is up to our generation to fight the old world. ”
It is important that we learn all kinds of methods that are both civil and military, and then organize the masses to rise up and create a new world! ”
With a face full of admiration and shock, Duan Dechang sighed with emotion.
Hearing Jun's words, it is better than reading a book for ten years, which is really true. ”
In this way, Duan Dechang left an extremely profound impact on ***'s heart with his elegant conversation and broad mind. At the same time, in Duan Dechang's eyes, the young man in front of him, who is 11 years older than him, is a teacher with advanced ideological progress! It's also an extremely rare friend!
This year was the first acquaintance of the two.
Talk very happily, see each other late!
Time flies, and the young man grows up
In the second year, ** sent a letter to Duan Dechang, in which he proposed that Duan Dechang go to Changsha to study in middle school, so that he could participate in revolutionary activities in the provincial capital in the future. So, Duan Dechang was admitted as soon as he graduated from high schoolChangsha Jacob Middle School。When he was in Changsha, Duan Dechang often met with ***, listened to revolutionary teachings, participated in relevant revolutionary activities, and got acquaintedXie Jueya, He Changgongand other revolutionary comrades. By 1925, Duan Dechang had honorably joined the Chinese Communist Party.
In 1926, **on the way back from a political workshop for *** as a class teacher, he met Duan Dechang, and they recognized each other as soon as they met. It was also that year that ** recommended Duan Dechang to enterWhampoa Military AcademyLearn. However, it didn't take long for ** to listenIt is said that Duan Dechang was expelled from the school, and it was ordered by the principal Chiang Kai-shek himself.
As soon as I inquired, I found out what the reason was
Duan Dechang trained hard and studied hard in school, and was affirmed and praised by many teachers. However, since the "Zhongshan Ship Incident", Chiang Kai-shek has been constantly planning to purge the party, wantonly ** and arrest Communist Party members. So Duan Dechang wrote an open letter with his classmatesAccusing Chiang Kai-shek of "breaking away from the revolution" and becoming a warlord.
If we had followed you as a supporter and student of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, then you must know that on the day you betray the people, we will bring you down without mercy! ”
So Duan Dechang was arrested by Chiang Kai-shek in a fit of rage, and threatened to expel Duan Dechang from school if he did not review. However, who would have thought that Duan Dechang not only did not admit his mistake, but said righteously:"I came to study for the National Revolution and gave advice to the principal just to make the National Revolution succeed quickly. ”Chiang Kai-shek was furious and fired Duan Dechang!
Duan Dechang was unwilling, but at this moment, *** suddenly found him: "I don't know if you want to go to the ** political workshop where Comrade *** is the head teacher to study?" ”
If you can, **recommended, I'll introduce it, what do you think? ”
Hearing this, the haze in Duan Dechang's heart was suddenly swept away, he nodded, and said gratefully: "Thank you, Brother Run!" ”
Looking at the mature and steady revolutionaries in front of him, ** also sighed in his heart.
The current Duan Dechang is no longer the high-spirited teenager he was back then, but a revolutionary soldier who can take charge on his own!
In the year, Duan Dechang and *** were stationed in Wuchang with the Northern Expeditionary Army.
Soon after, they heard that *** had established a peasant training institute in Wuchang in order to cultivate revolutionary forces, so the two of them went on a visit.
When the three of them met, they were naturally very excited.
During the night talk, ** looked at Duan Dechang and said: "Dechang, I heard that the headquarters of the Northern Expeditionary Army issued a general order to commend you for your meritorious achievements in commanding the Northern Expedition?" ”
As soon as he mentioned this, Duan Dechang couldn't help laughing: "Yes." ”
** added with a proud face: "I heard that Lao Jiang was very reluctant to issue a commendation order for him, and he also said, why did a capable person like Duan Dechang run away to the Communist Party?!" ”
As soon as these words came out, the embarrassed picture of Chiang Kai-shek suddenly appeared in the minds of several people, and they all laughed heartily. "Hahaha".
After chatting for a while, ** even praised ***: "Brother Runzhi, now Dechang is amazing, Dechang is now not only the director of the Political Department of the 1st Division of the 35th Army of the National Revolutionary Army, but also the editor-in-chief of the "Northern Expedition Weekly"!" ”
Hearing this, ** patted Duan Dechang on the shoulder with satisfaction: "Now Dechang is really good." ”
Originally, when he heard ***'s joke, Duan Dechang was about to ridicule him, but he was suddenly praised like this, and he was a little embarrassed.
Then, ** suddenly looked at the two of them seriously, and said earnestly: "The two of you are now holding guns in your hands, which is a very important thing for the victory of the revolution, and you must firmly grasp it." ”
Hearing this, the two also nodded solemnly.
Duan Dechang's eyes were full of perseverance:"Revolution is the process of starting from nothing, and we will definitely achieve the final victory! ”
Later, the three of them talked about ancient and modern Chinese and foreign military ideas and famous war examples, analyzed the situation of the Chinese revolution, and were full of expectations for the future revolution.
There is no fall, no victory. ”
After the failure of the Nanchang Uprising, Duan Dechang moved to the countryside of western Hubei to lead and carry out armed struggle.
In the spring of 1928, ** faction**, Zhou YiqunArriving in western Hunan and Hubei, Duan Dechang and them established the western Hunan and Hubei base areas centered on the Honghu base area.
From November 7 to 20, 1931, ** presided over in Ruijin, JiangxiThe First National Congress of Workers, Peasants and SoldiersAt this conference, ** was electedProvisional Chairman of the Chinese Soviet Republic, Duan Dechang was elected**Member of the Executive Committee.
It was a year in which Duan Dechang shone in the revolutionary ranks.
In January, the enemy's 48th Division fought with Duan Dechang many times, and after never getting a bargain, Duan Dechang took advantage of the victory to command Yingcheng, and the Red 9th Division, with the cooperation of the Hanchuan Independent Regiment, divided and surrounded the two commanding heights of Chenjiahe and Longwangji in the southwest of Yingcheng, and the offensive was very urgent.
On the 26th, Duan Dechang led his troops to conquer the Chenjia River, relieved his worries, and then ambushed on both sides of the road from Longwangji to Yingcheng at night.
This battle only took more than an hour!
On March 4, Duan Dechang led the Red 9th Division to brave the torrential rain and after a night of rapid marching, rushed to Wenjiadun at dawn and launched a surprise attack on the enemyMore than 4,000 people in the enemy's brigade were annihilated, and Han Changjun was captured alive!
In April, Duan Dechang was appointedCommander of the 3rd Division of the Red 3rd Army (reorganized from the Red 2nd Army)., commanded the troops to win successive battles, and then won the victory of Sanguandian, Shagang, Pujiguan, Haoxue, Wangjiaqiao, Longwangji, Wenjiadun, Xingouzui and other battles! In this way, he was praised by the military and civilians of the Western Soviet Region of Hunan and Hubei"Victorious General".！Duan Dechang has made great achievements in the revolutionary ranks, which is obvious to all!
**In the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base Area, he put forward a 16-character formula, which is also calledGuerrilla warfare "16 words".
The enemy advances and we retreat, the enemy is stationed and disturbs us, the enemy is tired and I fight, and the enemy retreats and I pursue. ”
The hero sees the same thing, and Duan Dechang also has a set of sixteen-character formulas:
When the enemy comes, I fly, and when the enemy goes, I return, if there are many enemies, I run, and if there are few enemies, I will do it. ”
It is this set of mantras that has led the revolutionary team to achieve the fruits of victory many times, and Duan Dechang is a role model and idol in the hearts of many soldiers at that time!
There is no fall, no victory. ”This is a folk proverb in western Hunan and Hubei provinces.
* It is an unfailing banner of the Red Second Army, he can maintain the morale of the army, as long as he is in the army, no matter what kind of blows he suffers, what difficulties and dangers he faces, the troops can regain their strength and set off again!
Duan Dechang is the most important general and campaign organizer in the western Hunan and Hubei base areas, and almost all the victories in the Honghu Soviet District have his credit, so people revere him and thinkAs long as there is Duan Dechang's battle, he can usher in victory!
* Perfect match with Duan Dechang, winning one battle after another. Even the Kuomintang newspapers published:
In the Jianghan Plain, the bandits are getting worse day by day, and the bandit leader Duan Dechang Dongshan has risen again, and he uses troops like a god, and our army is not effective, and it has been defeated again and again
Even the enemy army said this, which shows that Duan Dechang and ** completely frightened them.
He has not yet reached the age of his establishment.
Wang Ming's left-leaning presumptuosity became more and more obvious, and he delegatedXia XiHe served as the secretary of the ** branch of the Western Hubei Soviet District.
However, this Xia Xi himself had a serious ideological error, and he carried out a purge campaign in the party, Duan Dechang admonished several times, but he never corrected Xia Xi's thoughts, and the two even formed a bond.
Duan Dechang, with his outstanding military ability, has won victory after victory! However, at the same time, Xia Xi became proud, he thought that the Red 3rd Army was completely invincible! But he was blindsided, completely unaware that the key to victory was Duan Dechang!
In April of that year, Chiang Kai-shek invaded the Honghu Soviet area, and Xia Xi ordered Duan Dechang to overhaul the fortifications and fight a positional battle with the enemy, but Duan Dechang opposed several times but was rejected.
In the end, although the Red Army temporarily repelled Chiang's army, it also exhausted its savings over the years, and Xia Xi was still blind when the gains outweighed the losses.
I've already achieved a 'great victory.'" ”
In July 1932, Chiang's army launched the fourth encirclement and suppression of the Honghu Soviet area, and Guan Xiangying and Duan Dechang led the Red Division to fight on the outer front, but in the end the Soviet area was finally occupied by Chiang's army. Xia Xi led the Red 7th Division to withdraw from the Soviet area, and after meeting with ** and Duan Dechang, he once planned to go to Henan to find the Red Fourth Front Army that had also withdrawn from the base area, but he did not find it. In the end, the Red 3rd Army fought for 7,000 miles and returned to the Hunan and Hubei border guerrilla areas.
Faced with such a predicament, Duan Dechang was in a dilemma. He really didn't want to see the Honghu Soviet District, which he had been running for five years, being occupied by the Jiang army in this way, so he took the Red 9th Army to fight back.
However, Xia Xi, who knew the news, was furious and wanted to tie Duan Dechang back on the charge of "leading the troops to defect"!
When Xia Xi came to him, he directly framed Duan Dechang, who had always been against him, as a reorganizationist, and listed his three major crimes, and sent him to Jiangjia Village, Jinguoping, Badong County, Hubei Province for public trial.
Xia Xi faced his father and fellow villagers, and imposed three trumped-up charges on Duan Dechang
One is the conspiracy of the Red Army.
The second is an attempt to riot.
The third is the masses.
He then ordered the execution of Duan Dechang.
When Duan Dechang was about to die, he had no fear in the face of death, and there was no excuse for the crime he wanted to add.
He was just to the executioner:"Don't use bullets to kill me, bullets are too precious, leave them to the enemy, it doesn't matter if you cut me with a knife or burn me. ”
Hearing this, the Red Army soldiers who were executed were also stunned: "Duan, Duan......."However, he could not utter a word for a long time.
Seeing this, Duan Dechang interrupted him:"I, Duan Dechang, am a member of the party in life, and a ghost of the party in death, I have not disgraced the people of Honghu, and it is up to others to decide whether it is right or wrong in the future! ”
On May 1 of that year, Duan Dechang died. He was 29 years old.
At this point, the legend of his life came to an end.
Thousands of troops are easy to obtain, but one general is hard to find. ”
When it comes to Duan Dechang, no one doesn't regret it. "It's a pity, such a general ......”
In April, at the Seventh Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee held in Yan'an, Duan Dechang was rehabilitated Zhaoxue after being proposed.
From April 23 to June 11, 1945, ** presided over the memorial meeting for the Chinese martyrs and personally inscribed it"Long live the martyrs".Elegy.
Among the many martyrs, there is the name of Duan Dechang. On March 4, 1951, the Government Council of the People's Republic of China held a ceremony to issue the certificate of revolutionary martyrs. On that day, Duan Dechang becameThe "first martyr" of the republic
In May 1983, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Duan Dechang's death, his hometown of Nanxian County officially built a martyr's monument to him. Many people have said that if he didn't die young, thenAfter the founding of the People's Republic of China, his name will definitely be among the top ten marshals.
**Every time I miss him, I can't help crying: "If Dechang is still here, how happy he should be to see the success of our revolution......”
As far as the Chairman is concerned, Tuan Dechang is his younger brother who is 10 years younger than him, a student he has watched grow up, and a close friend of his spirit. Duan Dechang's departure is a loss to the revolutionary team and an eternal pain for the chairman.
If the summer flowers are as gorgeous.
Duan Dechang's life is like a summer flower, short and legendary!
He only lived for 29 years, but the name of Duan Dechang was forever printed in the history books, and it still shines for thousands of years.
Today, in 2021, when I turn this page of the history book with reverence, I seem to be able to see those eventful years, the heroism of General Duan's autumn soldiers on the battlefield, the red military flag fluttering in the wind, and the generosity after one victory after another.
It seems that I can also hear the faint singing.
With a big saber and a red tassel gun, I went to the Red Army to serve as a soldier. Revolutionary discipline must be observed, and the Communist Party teaches to keep ...... in mind”
The name of the song is called"Song of Discipline of the Red Army"., which was compiled by General Duan Dechang.
Some people are gone forever, but his red soul has survived in another form, forever alive and vivid.
The scenery is old and the general can return to his hometown
Such a prosperous China, splendid rivers and mountains, are as you wished in the past.