In October 1934, the Red Army, which failed in the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, was forced to make a strategic shift and began the 25,000-mile Long March that shocked the world. On the way, the Zunyi Conference, the crossing of snow-capped mountains and meadows, the capture of the Luding Bridge, and the four crossings of the Chishui River are the epic course of the Long March Revolution that Chinese are familiar with.
At the same time as the Long March, there was the left-behind Red Army that was buried in the long scroll of history by time. 160,000 Red Army troops remained in the base areas of the Soviet area, pretending to be the main force fighting with hundreds of thousands of Kuomintang reactionary troops, and the number of leaders above the military level who died was six times that of the Long March. Nine out of ten of the leaders left behind in the Red Army were gone, and only one person was fortunate enough to participate in the founding ceremony and witness the success of the revolution.
Let's take a look at the 10 Soviet leaders who completed the spiritual Long March with perseverance, if you think this article is okay, long press the like button below, highly recommend it.
On August 1, 1927, the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army launched an armed uprising, from which the initial contingent of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was created. With the success of the Autumn Harvest Uprising and the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base Area, Chiang Kai-shek's fear of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army also increased day by day.
From February 1930 to September 1931, Chiang Kai-shek personally deployed three "encirclement and suppression" of the ** revolutionary base area, and even though the number of troops was increased by 100,000 successively, the Kuomintang's "encirclement and suppression" war against the ** Soviet area ended in failure.
After the September 18 Incident, a large amount of land in northeast China fell, the people of northeast China fell into the hands of Japanese invaders, and were brutally slaughtered and killed by the Japanese army, and the harm and crimes brought by Unit 731 to the Chinese people alone are beyond mention.
Chiang Kai-shek, who claimed to be the leader of the orthodox country, disregarded the life and death of the people, put forward the so-called ridiculous policy of "fighting outside the country must first secure the interior", and once again summoned 630,000 troops to carry out the fourth "encirclement and suppression" of the Red Army. As a result, it was not surprising that Chiang Kai-shek's reactionary conspiracy was once again crushed by the Red Army.
In September 1933, Chiang Kai-shek once again mobilized the strength of the whole country to fight a civil war, and 1 million troops and 200 aircraft pressed violently towards the ** Soviet area. The military strategy of the leader Bogu and the Soviet military adviser Li De first took risks and then conservatively led to the defeat of the Red Army one after another, and the scope of the base area was also reduced.
In October 1934, the Red Army, which had been fighting for a year, still failed to smash the enemy's "encirclement and suppression" and was forced to leave the ** revolutionary base area and embark on an extremely arduous 25,000-mile long march.
However, the Soviet area was the main base area created by the Red Army in the early stage, and it was also the hometown of hundreds of thousands of Red Army, and the main Red Army was forced to move, but the Soviet area could not be abandoned.
On the eve of the departure of the Long March, a new leading organ was set up in the Soviet regionXiang Yinghe served as the top leader in the three areas respectively, and was fully responsible for the work of the Soviet region and the surrounding base areas. Qu Qiubai, He Chang and Chen Tanqiu also assisted in the work as important leaders.
Left behind with them were the Red 24th Division and some local armed forces, counting those who could not participate in the Long March30,000 sick and wounded, the Red Army left behind in the Soviet zone was a total of 460,000 people.
When the Long March team and the people in the base area said goodbye, no one thought that this was the life and death of the majority of people. Those who remained in the Red ArmyThe main taskIt was to pretend that the main force of the Red Army was maneuvering with the enemy, and at the same time to cover the real main force of the Red Army to break through the encirclement and achieve the goal of transfer.
However, the Red Army was already lacking in 1The ammunition held by the 60,000 Red Army left behind was pitiful, and under the wrong instructions of the Bogu Center, the Red Army still engaged in positional warfare with the large army pressing the border and the well-equipped **, resulting in the fall of the **Soviet area in less than four months.
Fortunately, the Zunyi Conference in January 1935 re-established the leading position, and the remaining Red Army also turned into flexible guerrilla warfare in accordance with the strategy of the first class, and the large forces were scattered in different areas in a planned manner, taking advantage of the terrain to preserve the vital forces and destroy the enemy.
However, the blockade formed by a million-strong army was tantamount to a moat for the guerrillas, and many of the top leaders of the ** also died heroically in the arduous battle against the enemy.
He Shuheng was one of the members of the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China in Nanhu, Jiaxing, in 1921, and was also the oldest of the early leaders of the Communist Party of China. He got acquainted with *** earlier than the founding of the CCP, and began to participate in revolutionary activities with *** Cai Hesen and others in 1917.
In November 1931, He Shuheng became a member of the first committee and held many leading positions in the procuratorate and the court at the same time. After the Red Army's Long March, He Shuheng stayed in the Soviet area because of his age. In February 1935, the ** Soviet district almost completely fell, one of the main leaders, sent people to escort He Shuheng to western Fujian.
A few plainclothes Red Army soldiers marched day and night and arrived in Shanghang County, Fujian Province, on February 14, but they were surrounded by local reactionary forces because the smoke from cooking exposed their tracks. He Shuheng, who was already old, asked several Red Army soldiers to leave themselves behind to break through, and said to the leader ***: "Shoot me."
**But with other fighters set up He Shuheng and ran, seeing the enemy's figure getting closer and closer, He Shuheng broke free from his comrades with all his strength on the edge of the cliff, jumped down directly, and swore to die and refused to drag others down. This is *** praised".Uncle Weng can do things in the overall situation"of"He beard".His life ended at the age of 59He was also the first leader to die in the Red Army
Born in 1906, He Chang is the youngest member of the partyAt the age of 14, he became the head of the Taiyuan Communist Youth League, and founded the Jinhua Publishing House and the "Civilian Weekly" to preach Marxism-Leninism and teach revolutionary ideas to people in primary schools and workers' night schools.
In 1922, He Chang, who was only 16 years old, was elected secretary of the Taiyuan Youth League Committee, and became a party member through the introduction of Deng Zhongxia and Gao Junyu. Later, he came to Beijing to serve as the distribution director of the first-class organ newspaper "Pioneer", and fought with Yan Xishan many times to lead the workers' movement in Shanxi.
In 1927, He Chang became a member of the Fifth ** Committee of the Communist Party of China at the age of 21The future is limitless. During the Red Army's Long March, He Chang was the director of the Political Department of the ** Military Region, and led the guerrillas to fight in southern Jiangxi together with **.
On March 10, 1935, He Chang led the troops to break through, but was surrounded by reinforcements from the enemyWhen only the last man remained, He Chang, who had just turned 29, picked up a gun and pointed it at himself, leaving no clues for the enemy.
"Walking on the long street with shackles, staggering and staggering, the city people compete for attention, and I have no shame.", this is awe-inspiring"Walking in Chains".It is a poem written by Liu Bojian, deputy director of the General Political Department of the Central Revolutionary Commission, after he was imprisoned. The enemy tried to insult him with a parade, but did he not know that the Communists' firm conviction would not be diminished by half a point because of a momentary setback and the enemy's deliberate humiliation.
Liu Bojian is one of the partners who founded the Chinese Youth Communist Party in Europe in Europe, studied in the Soviet Union twice to study communism, participated in and led the Ningdu Uprising with ***, and became the first director of the Political Department of the Red Fifth Army.
In October 1934, the Red Army started the Long March, and Liu Bojian, as the director of the Political Department of the Gannan Military Region, escorted the main Red Army across the river. On the way to cover the Red Army and block the Kuomintang reactionaries, Liu Bojian was accidentally shot in the left leg by the enemy, and the Red Army, which was already understaffed, was quickly defeated.
For more than half a month in prison, Liu Bojian wrote a number of poems to express his tenacity as a communist, and despite the enemy's coercion, temptation, torture and humiliation, Liu Bojian never revealed anything, and died heroically on March 21, 1935.
Mao Zetan is the third brother of ***, he came into contact with Marxism under the teaching of his eldest brother *** in middle school, joined the party in 1923, and often went to factories, docks and schools to propagate revolutionary ideas.
After Mao Zetan participated in the Nanchang Uprising, he went to Jinggangshan with the troops, and later followed the revolutionary footsteps of ***. In December 1934, Mao Zetan was appointed commander of an independent division of the Red Army, responsible for conducting guerrilla operations against the enemy on the Fujian-Jiangxi border.
On the afternoon of April 25, Mao Zetan took his scattered troops to the mountains of Ruijin to rest, only to learn that his whereabouts had been leaked at dawn and that the enemy's gunfire was close at hand. Mao Zetan picked up a gun to cover his comrades, but was shot in the right leg by the swarming enemy, and in the return fire, Mao Zetan was hit by bullets one after another, and finally died with bullet holes all over his body, not yet 30 years old.
Qu Qiubai was admitted to the Russian Language Institute in Beijing in 1917, and began to study Marxism with Li Dazhao and others in 1919, translated many works of Lenin and Stalin, and was one of the most important leaders of the early CCP.
Qu Qiubai was elected as a member of the ** committee in 1925, and became the second generation of supreme leaders after Chen Duxiu at the 1927 87 Conference, and has been active in the ** leading organ as a literary revolutionary since then.
During the Red Army's Long March, Qu Qiubai stayed in the Soviet area because of lung disease. His physical condition deteriorated with the gradual fall of the Soviet area, and in February 1935, Qu Qiubai's condition worsened and he had to go to Shanghai for medical treatment. **The original route was borrowed from Hong Kong and passed through Changting County, Fujian Province, when the local security team discovered Qu Qiubai's identity and immediately took him into custody for interrogation.
Under the coercion and temptation of the enemy, Qu Qiubai did not reveal any information about the Communist Party, dragged his seriously ill body and endured repeated torture and interrogation by the enemy, and was finally sentenced to be shot on June 18. After Qu Qiubai wrote the masterpiece poem "Superfluous Words" in prison, he calmly took justice in Luohan Ridge at the age of 36.
Only one of the leaders who remained in the Soviet area survived and witnessed the victory of the Chinese revolution and the birth of New China. The Red Army's Long March lasted two years, but the guerrilla warfare in the south led by ** and others went through three years, and in the three-year guerrilla war without food, clothing, or even a fixed residence, ** and the guerrillas were reckless in southern Jiangxi for a long time.
When he accepted the assignment of staying in the Soviet area, ** had just experienced a comminuted fracture of the hip。As one of the top leaders of the Soviet district, he dragged around with serious injuries.
In 1936, the serious injury in Meiling made ** lie in the wild grass for more than 20 days, relying on wild grass and wild vegetables to satisfy hunger, and in the cold winter, he and four or five comrades-in-arms surrounded a broken blanket, most of them used banana leaves as a quilt to resist the cold, and did not dare to let the gun leave their hands all night.
Fortunately, he finally survived three years that were more difficult than the Long March and became a witness to the victory of the CCP revolution, but more of his comrades-in-arms collapsed in the middle way in order to realize the revolutionary ideal and establish a new China without exploitation and oppression.
Martyr Fang Zhimin was the founder of the Northeast Jiangxi and Fujian, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi base areas, he invented a complete set of experience in army building, party building and political power was praised by ***"Fang Zhimin-style" base areaIn early 1935, on the way to lead the Red Fourth Army to southern Anhui, Fang Zhimin was surrounded by the Kuomintang's 100,000 troops and was captured in Yushan County, Jiangxi, after more than half a year of fighting wits and courage with the Kuomintang reactionaries, Fang Zhimin was killed by the enemy on August 6, 1935, at the age of 36.
The commander of the Fujian-Guangdong-Jiangxi Red Army guerrillas, Gu Bai, was a peer of He Chang, and when he broke through in Longchuan County, Guangdong, Gu Bai was betrayed by traitors, causing the guerrillas to be surrounded by the enemy, and Gu Bai died heroically as the last cover at the age of 29.
Xiang Ying, secretary of the ** Bureau, and Chen Tanqiu, a member of the ** Committee, who remained in the Soviet area, both survived three years of guerrilla life like savages, and were called by American reporters"Iron Man Crawling Out of the Grave".Xiang Ying was killed by traitors in the Southern Anhui Incident in 1941 and died at the hands of his own people in resisting the invasion of the Japanese invaders.
Chen Tanqiu went to Xinjiang in 1939 to serve as the head of the Eighth Route Army Office, and later Xinjiang Provincial Chairman Sheng Shicai defected to Chiang Kai-shek, Chen Tanqiu was imprisoned as one of the founders of the Communist Party of China, and his second brother Mao ** died heroically after suffering from tiger chairs, soldering irons, and chili water.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, some people regarded Chiang Kai-shek as a national hero, but during the three-year guerrilla war in the south, the Kuomintang army caused as much murder as the Japanese army invading China.
When the reactionaries encircled and suppressed the Red Army, the ordinary people in the village took refuge everywhere. In order to get the masses to surrender the Red Army, these reactionaries often ordered the slaughter of villages。** In the early days of the fall of the Soviet region, all 143 people in Louziba Village in Changting County, Fujian Province, were killed, while 50,000 martyrs died at the hands of the Kuomintang reactionaries in Ganzhou City.
Compared with the hardships of the Long March, the martyrs who died in the three-year guerrilla war in the south seem to be buried in time, but the brightness of the five-star red flag is inseparable from the blood of thousands of unknown martyrs, and they should not be forgotten.