The site of a large ancient human settlement in the Jinghe River Basin
Wu Ye. Pingliang is located in the Jingwei River Basin of the Loess Plateau in Northwest China, with a long history and profound cultural heritage. The Qin'an Dadiwan Cultural Site in the Weihe River Basin is famous at home and abroad, while the Xifeng Nanzuo Cultural Site in the Jinghe River Basin is not known by many people.
Last year's "May Day" holiday, several colleagues of our Taoist Culture Research Association drove to the West Peak to visit and study, because the Nanzuo cultural site was not opened, and during the excavation and research, my old classmate Li Gaopan invited Fu Xingkui, a cultural celebrity in Qingyang, and Fu invited the museum to participate in the excavation of the site, they enthusiastically told us about the excavation of the site, and visited the terrain and landform around the site, which benefited us a lot.
The Nanzuo cultural site was discovered in 1958 and designated as a provincial cultural relics protection unit in 1963. In 2001, it was announced as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units. From 1984 to 1986 and from 1994 to 1996, the Gansu Provincial Institute of Culture and Archaeology and Peking University conducted six archaeological excavations at the site, revealing a total area of 1,300 square meters. In 2014 and 2020, the Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology conducted in-depth archaeological exploration of the site, covering an area of about 220,000 square meters. It is determined that the cultural site of Nanzuo Administrative Village, Hougongzhai Town, Xifeng District, Qingyang City is a super-large ancient human center settlement site in the late Neolithic Yangshao culture, which dates back to about 4600-5200 years ago, with a total area of 6 million square meters. During the excavation, a large number of cultural relics were unearthed at the Nanzuo cultural site, including pottery such as small-mouthed pointed bottom bottles, wide flat basins, pots, jars, urns, stone knives, stone axes, bone tools such as spinning wheels, daggers, arrowheads, and flutes, as well as animal and plant remains. In particular, a humanoid sculpture was found in the No. 16 ash pit, which was designated as a national first-class cultural relic. The unearthed painted pottery pot has a height of 70 centimeters, an abdominal diameter of 78 centimeters, and a diameter of 73 centimeters along the mouth edge, and the atmosphere is thick and heavy, which can be called the king of Chinese painted pottery. A large number of carbonized rice and other food crops unearthed on the plateau have very special research significance. During the exploration, several large rammed earth platforms of unknown age were discovered, which were very peculiar. There is also a palace-like ancient building site in the ruins, the area is huge, the structure is magnificent, it is the largest building site found in domestic prehistoric archaeology at present, and it is also the core building of a large tribal group in ancient times. It is 2. of 760 square meters of Dadi Bay Palace4 times, and there are obvious unique regional characteristics, which strongly illustrates the wisdom and tenacious fighting spirit of the people of Jinghe River Basin and ancient Longdong.
In the 65 years since the discovery of the site in Nanzuo, Qingyang has carried out many archaeological excavations, revealing an area of only one-twentieth of the total area of the site, but the basic overview of the site has been preliminarily determined. In October 2021, the Gansu Provincial Bureau of Cultural Relics organized an expert consultation meeting on the archaeological project of the Nanzuo site. Experts from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Peking University, Chinese People's University, Shandong University, Sichuan University, Nanjing University, Fudan University, Lanzhou University, Shanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology and other universities and professional research institutions gathered in Nanzuo to carry out on-site consultation on the archaeological excavation of the site. A large number of carbonized rice, millet, millet and other grains unearthed are important materials for ancient agricultural archaeology in China, which are of great significance for the study of the origin of agriculture and the planting and distribution of crops. It is also of great significance to study climate change and natural environment changes in Longdong area.
As we all know, the Yellow River is the mother river of the Chinese nation, and the early Chinese civilization developed on the tributaries of the Yellow River, which is the cradle of the Chinese civilization. Located in Qingping in Longdong, between the Jingwei River, here is the root of the Chinese nation. The Nanzuo site was produced on the Dong Zhi Plateau in the Loess Plateau area, and according to the data, this plateau is the world's largest, the thickest soil layer, and the most intact loess plateau. The Loess Plateau is the main place where Chinese civilization is formed, developed and matured. According to the note of "Historical Records Suoyin": the Yellow Emperor "has the Rui of Tude and the color of the soil is yellow, so it is called the Yellow Emperor". It shows that the Yellow Emperor was active on the Loess Plateau. "Road History, Later Ji V, Yellow Emperor" cloud: "The second concubine of the Yellow Emperor, Fang Lei's family, said the festival, and lived and retreated. Hugh succeeded the Yellow Emperor also, for the Emperor Hong's family". It shows that the Yellow Emperor Hong clan is active in the upper reaches of Jingshui, and the Longdong area happens to be in the Loess Plateau in the upper reaches of Jingshui. In the second year of the auspicious fu of Zhenzong of the Great Song Dynasty (1009 AD), the "Monument of the Great Song Dynasty Ningdan Chengtianguan" stood outside the west gate of Luochuan Town, Zhengning County, Qingyang (ancient county seat), and recorded: "Xuanqiu is in sight, and there is the hometown of the bear's way." It shows that Zhengshou County is the place where the Yellow Emperor has Xiong's activities. "Historical Records" contains: "The Yellow Emperor collapsed and buried Qiaoshan". The ancients had the habit of burying their hometown after death. According to the research of scholars in the field of history, the ancient mound of the Yellow Emperor and Qiaoshan are in present-day Zhengning County. According to the "Chronicles of the Ancient Land": the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor is in the "Meridian Mountain in the east eighty miles of Luochuan County, Ningzhou". Meridian Mountain is Bridge Mountain, and the ancient mound is still there. This shows that the Yellow Emperor Youxiong clan established their homeland in this area, and their scope of activities should involve the Jing and Luo River basins on both sides of the Loess Plateau in Longdong and Qiaoshan. From the analysis of time, the origin of the Yellow Emperor clan is about 2700 to 2600 BC, according to the present 4700 years, and the Nanzuo site has been scientifically tested between 4000 and 5000 years ago.
Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor asked the immortal Guangchengzi in Pingliang Kongtong Mountain, which is well-known and famous. According to the records of Kongtong Taoism and Beijing Baiyun Temple scholar Li Xinjun's "100 Questions on Chinese Taoism", the Taoist calendar is from the Yellow Emperor asked the Tao of Guangchengzi as the era, 4720 years ago, which is also consistent with the time of the Nanzuo site. In addition, the Yellow Emperor also discussed with the ancient sage Qibo in Longdong, and produced the classic of China's medical book "The Yellow Emperor's Neijing". All this shows that the Yellow Emperor has Xiong and Dihong's activity centers in the Jingshui Basin and Longdong. Therefore, the culture of Nanzuo site is very rich, and it is one of the earliest birthplaces of human society, which provides strong evidence for the study of ancient culture in the Jingwei River Basin.
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