The Arab Empire, once a remarkable hegemon, has a glorious history that contrasts sharply with periods of decay, deeply reflecting the historical truth of the interplay of internal and external factors. From the rise of nomads to the peak of empire prosperity, to the interweaving of foreign invasion and internal **, this history is thought-provoking.
In the early days of the Arab Empire, commercial contacts and the rise of Islam gave rise to a powerful state. However, the struggle for the caliphate after Muhammad's death led to the empire's continuous expansion, conquering Syria, Iraq, Egypt and other places, forming a majestic territory. However, the empire's splendor gradually turned to decay during the last Abbasid period.
During the reign of Mustai Suimu, the rise of the foreign Turkic slave guards became the trigger for internal turmoil within the empire. The convoy that was supposed to protect the caliph eventually deviated from its original purpose and deposed the emperor, making the caliph a puppet. At the same time, factional struggles within Islam, such as the disputes between Sunnis, Shiites, and Kalmatists, have led to deeper tensions and disunity within the country.
External pressures are also intensifying. The Arab Empire was threatened by the Mongol army, but the last caliph al-Mustai Suimu's contempt for the Mongols made the Arab army unable to resist the Mongol attack. Hulegu led the Mongol army into Baghdad in four directions, the city fell, and the Arab Empire came to an end in the Mongol expedition to the west.
The reasons for the decline of the Arab Empire were complex and varied, one of which was foreign encroachment. The rise of Turkic slaves and other foreign invasions left the empire under constant oppression and unable to maintain its former majesty. The Turkic slave guards of the Mustai Suimu period, originally intended to protect the caliphate, eventually became powerful vassals, leading to civil strife in the empire and eventually declining.
At the same time, factional struggles within Islam were also an important factor in the fall of the Arab Empire. The disputes between Sunnis, Shiites and Karmats have exacerbated the state and intensified internal contradictions. This internal contradiction weakened the empire's cohesion and made it difficult for it to cope with external pressures.
In fact, the Arabs have never been invincible, but they have risen at a good time. Eastern Rome and Sassanid Persia fought fiercely for a hundred years, both were defeated, and Western Europe was scattered. The Tang Dynasty was again hit by the Anshi Rebellion.
The so-called Arab Empire, from the four caliphs to the Umayyad dynasty, the actual unity is only more than 100 years, from the Abbasid dynasty, in fact, there is a later Umayyad dynasty, the Fatimid dynasty, and later a bunch of sultans and emirs ......The caliph was even controlled by Turkic mercenaries from all walks of life, and his orders could not leave the city of Baghdad!
The social structure of Arabia is destined to be a fragmented people, which is also characteristic of most nomadic peoples, and it is not until the birth of a monarch with super ruling power that the power of the whole nation can be integrated. Today's Arabs are also composed of dozens of large and small states of various families, tribes, and emirates, which have never been truly united, and the contradictions between them are even greater than the contradictions between them and foreign peoples.
Since the first Arab Empire**, no one has been able to unify Arabia, and the great Saladin, who controlled only half of the Middle East, and even when he resisted the Crusaders, he was overwhelmed by internal rebellions and attacks by other Arabs.
In the end, it was the Turks from outside, who approached the unification of the Arab region, and this period was the most glorious time for the Arabs, who followed the Turks to fight the surrounding areas, and once threatened Europe and the Persian Empire.
The lessons of history tell us that the rise and fall of a regime is not only the result of external pressure, but also the result of the interaction of internal and external factors. Unity, stability and a strong domestic foundation are the keys to the long-term stability of a regime. In the rise and fall of the Arab Empire, we see the interweaving of internal and external factors, which is a profound reflection and enlightenment.
In the glory days of the Arab Empire, its civilization once shone on the world stage, however, due to the intensification of internal and external contradictions and the troubles of foreign invasion, this once invincible empire eventually became a scumbag of war. This history is not only thought-provoking, but also a reminder that the fate of regimes depends on domestic stability and diplomatic prudence. Perhaps, the fall of the Arab Empire was a tragic journey, but it was also a profound warning to human history.