From the news reports of athletes using stem cells to restore sports function, celebrities using them for anti-aging and prolonging aging, to stem cells that have attracted much attention today, diabetes, stem cell repair nerves, and regeneration of damaged retinal ......
Stem cells** have become one of the most valued fields at the frontier of life sciences, and many people are beginning to wonder how such a small cell can become a "universal cell"? How does it differentiate to achieve the purpose of ** patient?
Under the microscope, scientists have revealed the differentiation process of stem cells.
Mesenchymal stem cells
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most widely used type of stem cells in clinical practice, which belong to pluripotent stem cells and can differentiate into a variety of human cells, including fat cells, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, muscle cells, tendon cells, etc.
With the research and efforts of scientists, mesenchymal stem cells can also be induced and differentiated into hepatocytes, pancreatic islet cells, nerve cells, etc., which have important medical value and can be immunosuppressed, tissue repair and organ regeneration.
Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
Silk**
In the process of cultivation, mesenchymal stem cells will carry out a very important link, that is, silk.
The mesenchymal stem cell body under the microscope shrinks and becomes round, as if it is gradually condensing into a force, waiting for the opportunity to "charge and burst".
Mesenchymal stem cells that gradually shrink into spheroids.
Reproductive stage
After a period of time, mesenchymal stem cells reach the most vigorous reproductive state, when the number of cells is almost saturated, and after the chromosome replication is completed, there is a doppelganger**, so that 1 becomes 2, 2 becomes 4, 4 becomes 8......At this time, the number of proliferations and the number of times increase sharply.
Of course, the cell proliferation process under the lens is pressed the fast-forward button, and usually the time required for a low number of cells** is about 22 hours, which can be said to be relatively long at the beginning.
The cells split into two and begin to proliferate repeatedly.
Replication-like proliferation ensures that the DNA of the genetic material on the chromosomes is exactly the same, so that the genetic material replication stability is maintained between the offspring and the parents of the cell.
Eventually, mesenchymal stem cells will differentiate into specific cell populations that help repair the body's disease.
It is worth mentioning that mesenchymal stem cells are not a group of "wooden people" who carry out a series of **, proliferation, and differentiation. In fact, they will constantly wander and run, actively colliding and communicating with other cells.
Clonal proliferation in primary culture
During primary culture, mesenchymal stem cells often proliferate clonally, forming a small cell mass and then gradually proliferating outward around this cell mass.
They multiply and swim outward, slowly filling a field.
Primary cells proliferate and migrate outward.
Occupies a large area.
Subcultures are relatively scattered
The passaged mesenchymal stem cells are seeded in flat flasks and distributed in different locations.
Mesenchymal stem cells dispersed in culture flasks.
Mesenchymal stem cells do not proliferate in one position and divide into two, but constantly swim and collide with cells in other positions, and fission and proliferation occur at the same time in this process.
Wander the ** Grow Breeder Team.
Conclusion
After reading these, everyone also understands the powerful ** proliferation ability of mesenchymal stem cells.
Because of this, mesenchymal stem cells play a strong role in tissue repair and organ regeneration when used in clinical practice.
They can be used to replace damaged cells by differentiating into mature tissue and organ cells; By fusing with cells, injured cells can be saved; At the same time, mesenchymal stem cells can also secrete cytokines to promote the proliferation of stem cells in tissues and organs, secrete exosomes or tiny vesicles, enter the inside of injured cells through membrane fusion, and even deliver mitochondria and other substances to injured cells. It is precisely because of the differentiation function of stem cells that it is possible for cells to be used in the actual situation of the corresponding disease. Understanding the differentiation process of stem cells is the basis for cell intervention to repair various diseases and anti-aging.
At the opening ceremony of the 11th annual meeting of Chinese stem cells, Chinese scientists said that including Taiwan, China has more than 860 stem cell research projects that have been declared and registered, ranking second only to the United States and second in the world.
China's stem cell research has entered a transition stage from basic research to clinical translation.
Stem cell research is in the ascendant, and we expect that in the future of precision medicine, Chinese scientists will also rely on the world's leading stem cell research technology to enable people to achieve higher quality of health and life.