The reporter learned from the Institute of Urban Agriculture of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences that the breeding accelerator independently developed by the institute induces early flowering and rapid fruiting through the precise regulation of the dynamic light environment during the whole growth period of crops, and shortens the growth period of rice, wheat, corn, soybean, alfalfa, cotton and other crops by 51% and 67%, providing a new solution for accelerating the breeding speed and ensuring national food security.
Traditional breeding is highly dependent on climate, can not be planted throughout the year, the growth cycle is long, and it takes more than ten years to breed varieties, of which it takes 5-10 years to obtain pure lines by adding generations. In order to speed up the breeding speed, many breeding experts in China need to bring precious seeds to the southern breeding base in Hainan for generation breeding, and form 2-3 generations of seeds a year.
The intelligent horticultural equipment innovation team of the Institute of Urban Agriculture of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences is the first in the world to analyze the mechanism of environment-nutrient coupling regulation of growth period, and accelerate flowering and fruit setting by controlling the environment and nutritional conditions of crop growth, and rapidly advance to the next generation of breeding. In 2021, through cooperation with the team of Academician Qian Qian, the team overcame the rapid breeding technology of dwarf rice, and achieved an important breakthrough in halving the growth cycle of rice and harvesting in 63 days, which can be added 5-6 times a year.
On the basis of rice research, the rapid breeding of wheat, soybean, corn, cotton and other crops has been realized, the growth period has been shortened by 50%-67%, and 4-6 generations can be added in a year, which provides important support for breaking through the seasonal climate restrictions and engineering rapid breeding.
The results of the breeding accelerator test showed that the wheat can be harvested in about 65 days, the growth period is shortened by 63%, and more than 5 generations can be bred in a yearSoybeans can be harvested in about 53 days, the growth period is shortened by 51%, and more than 6 generations can be bred in a yearCorn can be harvested in about 75 days, the growth period is shortened by 50%, and more than 4 generations can be bred in a yearAlfalfa seeds can be harvested in about 70 days, and the seed harvesting time is shortened by 46%, achieving multiple harvests in a year;Cotton can be harvested in about 89 days, the growth period is shortened by 50%, and more than 4 generations can be bred in a yearPeppers can be harvested in about 45 days, the growth period is shortened by 53%, and 7-8 generations can be bred in a year.
At present, the Institute of Urban Agriculture has developed 4 kinds of breeding accelerator equipment of different specifications, and has cooperated with 27 advantageous breeding units such as Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, China Rice Research Institute, Institute of Crop Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, etc.
Original title: China's self-developed breeding accelerator has halved the growth period of a variety of crops.