In the sixth year of Huichang (846), the Tang Dynasty once again ushered in the death of an emperor. In the past twenty-six years, from Tang Xianzong of Yuanhe Zhongxing to Tang Wuzong of Huichang and Buddha destruction, the Tang Dynasty has experienced five changes of the throne.
They died in a hurry because they were addicted to pills, or they were ill-fated by the power struggles of the eunuchs. At this time, the Tang Dynasty was like the setting sun, although there was still an afterglow sprinkled on the earth, but it seemed desolate and lonely.
Recalling the heyday of Zhenguan and the heyday of Kaiyuan, those beautiful scenes seem to exist only in people's memories. With the death of Bai Letian, the glory of the Yuanhe poetry circle has come to an end, and the Tang Dynasty is like an old man, slowly moving towards a dark future.
Bai Juyi, the end of a generation of poets Bai Juyi's death marked the end of an era. He spent his old age in Luoyang, lived a peaceful life, and called himself Xiangshan Layman.
His poems gradually reveal the meaning of retreat. Although his friends in Luoyang, such as Yuanzhi and Liu Yuxi, passed away one after another, and no one sang peace with him anymore, his poetry talent was still outstanding.
He foresaw the rise of later generations of poets, such as Du Mu and Li Shangyin, whose poems would bloom in brilliant colors in the final moments of Tang poetry. However, Bai Juyi couldn't see all this, because it was not his time.
Du Mu, the Yangzhou years of the merry and talented man In Du Mu's "Parking Qinhuai", on a smoky night, the boat is moored on the bank of the Qinhuai River, close to the restaurant. The merchant girls didn't know the hatred of the country, and they still sang "Backyard Flowers".
Du Mu left his mark in Yangzhou, and was considered by modern scholar Liu Dajie to have no other strengths except for his obsession with wine. However, Du Mu's talent cannot be ignored. He joined the leader of the Bull Party and the Ox Monks and Shogunate of Huainan Jiedu, and often traveled around after work.
Niu Monk and Yu were worried that he would learn badly, so he sent a small official to secretly follow behind Du Mu to protect him. Du Mu resigned from his job elsewhere, and Niu Shengyu patiently persuaded him, and told him that he was still young and talented, and he should pay attention to life checks when he went to work elsewhere.
Du Mu didn't admit it, and Niu Monk and his subordinates ordered his subordinates to take out a large basket, which said which day Du Mu spent the night in which house. Seeing these notes, Du Mu was deeply ashamed and immediately thanked the cow monks and children.
Du Mu: The sorrow and anxiety of a young genius Du Mu, a talented man born in a family of eunuchs, has enjoyed glory and wealth since he was a child, coupled with his family history, he has emerged at a young age.
Although he did not appreciate Bai Juyi's poetry, he was undoubtedly deeply inspired by his slogan "Articles are written in time".
He bluntly pointed out that "those who belong to Qin, Qin, are not the world", and "future generations mourn and do not learn from it, and it also makes future generations mourn for future generations." His character is bold and gorgeous, his poetry is graceful but not lewd, and his "stop and sit in love with the maple forest in the evening, and the frost leaves are red in February." ”
There are 480 temples in the Southern Dynasty, and how many buildings are in the smoke and rain. "Lay a pile of snow on pear blossoms, who will do it next year?" "Dongfeng is not with Zhou Lang, and Tong Que Chun is deeply locked with Er Qiao. ”
During the Qingming Festival, it rains a lot, and pedestrians on the road want to break their souls. and other good sentences have been sung through the ages. However, Du Mu's life was not as glamorous as his poetry. His life was full of disappointment and sorrow.
In "Bo Qinhuai", he lamented the decline of the country, and if the people in power in the late Tang Dynasty were still drunk and dreamed of death, the country would inevitably be in danger. His disappointment in the government and his disappointment in life filled his heart with worry and sorrow.
However, despite the sorrow and apprehension of his life, he is still a merry man. His friend Zhang Hu was also a prodigal son. In the autumn of the fifth year of Huichang (845), Du Mu served in Chizhou, and the poet Zhang Hu came to visit, and the two talked very happily.
Zhang Hu is a professional poet who is highly sought after by the public and is known as "the most talented", but he is not officially accepted. However, Zhang Hu's poetry is not just a superficial romance, his poetry is full of deep understanding of life and deep anxiety about life.
Du Mu and Zhang Hu, they are both romantic and talented, and their lives are full of sorrow and worry. Their poems are a portrayal of their inner world, an expression of their deep understanding of life and their deep anxiety about life.
Their poems are their true portrayal of life, their true understanding of life, and the expression of their deep worries about life. Their poems are their true portrayal of life, their true understanding of life, and the expression of their deep worries about life.
In the harem, Tang Wuzong's departure caused great grief. It is said that a Meng Cairen in the palace sang "River Manzi" for him, and his tone was sad, and the listener was sobbed. A few days later, Meng Cairen died of grief and a broken bowel.
Zhang Hu turned this story into a poem, which was deeply loved by the palace maids. They sang about their helpless life, living in the palace for decades, and exhausted their time in the long wait.
The fate of these palace maids is like the Tang Dynasty in the Daming Palace, which no longer has the weather of the past. Li Shangyin was in the dark miasma of the late Tang Dynasty, feeling melancholy. His career was unsatisfactory, he lost his father before he was ten years old, and when he returned to his hometown, he found that he did not have his "hukou" and was in trouble.
While working part-time, he studied hard, but fortunately met the noble Linghu Chu. However, he later went to Wang Maoyuan's office in the second year of Jinshi Jidi, was recruited as a son-in-law, and was caught in the whirlpool of party strife.
Li Shangyin is a straight man with a great sense of justice, and he only looks at himself when he praises or dispraises people, whether the other party is the Niu Party or the Li Party, both sides are not pleased.
Li Shangyin's life is full of ups and downs and sorrow. He suffered setbacks in his career, and his beloved wife Wang also died in his wandering career. Even when he was serving in Sichuan, he still couldn't forget his wife and wrote "Night Rain Sending North".
The poem became a promise he could never keep, because Wang was no longer alive. Li Shangyin's poems are unique in style and obscure, and one of them, "Jin Se", which uses hazy beauty to the extreme, has become one of his masterpieces.
There are different opinions on the interpretation of this poem, and some scholars believe that it is Li Shangyin's mourning for Wang. Although such a love story is harrowing, it also shows Li Shangyin's persistence and deep affection for love.
At the same time, Wen Tingjun also caused a scandal because of cheating on exams. He was a brilliant literati and a close friend of Li Shangyin. Despite his misdeeds, he is still praised for his talent and kindness.
He used to help others in the examination field, and every time he took the exam, he could write a poem with a rhyme of eight forks, and was known as "Wen Eight Forks". The stories of Li Shangyin and Wen Tingyun show the lives and emotions of the literati of the Tang Dynasty, and also leave many deep impressions on us.
Their stories, while full of pain and misfortune, are also full of love and affection.
Wen Tingyun is arrogant and arrogant, and even the prime minister Ling Fox dares to offend. It is said that Tang Xuanzong is a loyal fan of the lyrics and songs of "Bodhisattva Man", so Fox saw this opportunity and privately asked Wen Tingyun to write a song "Bodhisattva Man" for him to Tang Xuanzong, promising him a rich return.
Such a good opportunity, of course, Wen Tingyun readily agreed. However, Ling Fox repeatedly asked him not to leak it, but Wen Tingyun spread the matter to passers-by and showed it off everywhere.
made the fox very angry, and the result was that Wen Tingyun was pregnant for the rest of his life because he offended the powerful. After Wen Tingyun was frustrated in his career, he often lingered in Fengyue Field, and eventually became a word sect, and his works are mostly poems of Qiluo fat powder, known as the "originator of flowers".
Despite the hardships of his life, he never gave up his talent and pride. The encounter between Yu Xuanji and Wen Tingyun in the late Tang Dynasty was an encounter of fate. Yu Xuanji is only cardamom at a young age, born in an advocate family, and has been rich and famous since childhood.
Wen Tingjun admired her talent and took the initiative to become her literary enlightenment teacher, although she came from a humble background, Wen Tingyun did not mind and devoted herself to teaching her. The two often exchanged poems, which became good stories.
Later, under the mediation of Wen Tingyun, Yu Xuanji married the champion Li Yi as a concubine. was originally a happy marriage, but it became the beginning of the tragedy of the fish mystery.
Li Yi deeply loves Yu Youwei's talent and appearance, and their lives are harmonious and happy, but Li Yi's wife has always been jealous of Yu Youwei's favor and makes things difficult for her. After Yu Youwei married into the Li family, he was bullied by Mrs. Li Yi.
The cowardly Li Yi cared more about the power of his wife's family, and finally ruthlessly abandoned Yu Youwei. Yu Youwei was forced to go to Xianyiguan to become a monk and changed his name to Yu Xuanji. "It's easy to ask for priceless treasures, but it's rare to have a heart", she boldly and frankly condemned the misfortunes of countless women in a patriarchal society.
However, what is even more tragic is that Yu Xuanji was finally executed by Jingzhao Yin Wenzhang for killing the maid by mistake, and a generation of talented women Xiang Xiaoyu died. During this time, Huang Chao is preparing to do big things.
He made a career out of selling salt, and when he was young, he was also bent on seeking fame, but he repeatedly failed to make the list. Huang Chao firmly believes that it is the problem of the system, not his own strength. So, he wrote "Fu Ju" and left Chang'an with resentment.
In the second year of the Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao became the leader of the Salt Gang, led the people to respond to Wang Xianzhi's uprising, and fought in Shandong and Henan. Huang Chao hates the Tang Dynasty to the core, and he must beat the Tang Dynasty to death.
When he heard that Wang Xianzhi wanted to accept Zhao'an, Huang Chao reprimanded him for his unfirm revolutionary stance, saying: "At the beginning, I made a big oath with you and ran rampant in the world. Now that you have become an official yourself, what should we do with these brothers? ”
Huang Chao was a leader of the rebel army in the late Tang Dynasty, and he led the rebel army to get rid of the encirclement and suppression of the Tang army and go south to Guangzhou under the name of "Rushing General". However, the Tang army general Gao Biao pursued closely, and the rebel army suffered heavy losses.
At this critical juncture of life and death, Huang Chao, with his shrewd business acumen, bribed Gao Yu's generals and successfully made Tang Jun's subordinates merciful. The Tang court did not fully take the threat of the rebel army seriously, and instead dismissed part of the counterinsurgency army.
Huang Chao took this opportunity to launch a large-scale northern expedition, and everywhere he passed, blood flowed like a river and the city fell. Finally, in December of the first year of Guangming (880), Huang Chao led the rebel army to capture Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, and became one of the important historical figures in the late Tang Dynasty.
During this period, Pi Rixiu was recruited by Huang Chao to his account with the title of "Intermittent Cloth Clothes", and he contributed to the cause of the rebel army with his talent and enthusiasm.
Although Pi Rixiu was a jinshi, he was only a petty official, and he witnessed the officials and the common people, and the court was rotten. He was deeply worried and turned what he felt into words, in which "the Fu, the flow of ancient poems" expresses his love for Fu.
He believes that the real preciousness is not gold and jade, but millet silk, which can solve the problem of food and clothing for the people. Pi Rixiu sang peace with the tortoise Meng in Suzhou, and Lu Xun said that they maintained their "brilliance and edge" during the chaos of the late Tang Dynasty.
For the sake of the world, Pi Rixiu participated in the Huangchao Uprising, but after the failure of the uprising, his whereabouts are unknown, some people say that he was killed by the Huangchao, and some people say that he went to Jiangnan to avoid disaster.
The uprising of Wang Xianzhi and Huangchao lasted nearly ten years, and the Tang Dynasty also existed in name only. Luo Yin's "Bee" expresses his anger at injustice, saying that "after harvesting a hundred flowers into honey, he will work hard for whom he is sweet", behind which is his bumpy road to the imperial examination.
Luo Yin failed the imperial examination ten times because of his poor appearance, and the Tang Dynasty's official selection system valued appearance, but Luo Yin was not good-looking, and may even be a little ugly. However, after reading Luo Yin's poem, the daughter of Prime Minister Zheng Zheng was deeply fascinated by his talent and claimed that she would not marry Luo Yin.
Luo Yin once went to visit Zheng Yin, but was peeked at behind the curtain by the daughter of the Prime Minister's house, Luo Yin's appearance gave her a great visual impact, and even made her swear not to read Luo Yin's poems again for the rest of her life, even the poems of his fellow villagers.
This is an era of looking at faces, Luo Yin suffered the loss of the system, but he never forgot his loyalty to the Tang Dynasty in his life. Han Wei is Li Shangyin's nephew, and he once praised Han Hao with "the young phoenix is clear in the voice of the old phoenix".
Han Wei did not live up to his uncle's expectations, and created the "Xiangqi Body" in the poetry circle in the last years of the Tang Dynasty, but he himself was an iron-clad tough guy who was always loyal to the Tang Dynasty.
However, during the reign of Tang Zhaozong, Zhu Wen entered the court, was domineering and domineering, and the whole dynasty was shocked. Once, Zhu Wen and Prime Minister Cui Yin were discussing matters during the palace banquet, and all the ministers in the palace were knowledgeable and stood up at the table, only Han Wei sat upright alone, saying that "the banquet is unstoppable".
Seeing this, Zhu Wen immediately became angry, angrily reprimanded Han Wei for being rude, and knew that he was favored by Zhaozong and wanted to put him to death. Fortunately, thanks to the minister's dissuasion, Han Hao was spared from death, but he was demoted from Beijing.
After Han Hao left Chang'an, Tang Zhaozong had no cronies left and right. In the first year of Tianyou (904), Zhaozong was killed by Zhu Wen, and the Tang Dynasty entered the countdown.
Han Wei's "Cherish the Flowers" is his work of lamentation, depicting the decline of the Tang Dynasty and the dispersion of the people. "The eyes flow along the piece" symbolizes the ruin of the country and the death of the family, while "hatred of the branches and branches being rained" indicates the extinction of the clan.
The deep meaning in the poem was highly praised by Wu Qiao, a Qing man, who believed that Han Hao's "Cherish Flowers" was enough to compete with the great poets of the Tang Dynasty. "The most ruthless is the Taicheng willow, still smoky ten miles of embankment", Wei Zhuang used the drizzle and green willows in the south of the Yangtze River to depict the dilapidated and prosperous disappearance of the monuments of the Six Dynasties in "Taicheng", which also reflected his deep regret for the hopelessness of the Tang Dynasty.
As a witness to the fall of the Tang Dynasty, Wei Zhuang's "Qin Women's Yin" is full of grief over the profound disasters brought about by the war.
Copywriting 1: Wei Zhuang was disheartened, fled from the war in Chang'an, and took refuge in Xichuan Wang Jian, just asking for a quiet time and staying away from the disaster of the soldiers. However, after the fall of the Tang Dynasty, Han Wei still insisted on using Tang Chen to refer to himself and did not recognize the Later Liang era name.
At the age of 55, Luo Yin chose to take refuge in Wu Yueqian's curtain, but on the eve of the fall of the Tang Dynasty, he persuaded him to raise troops to defeat Houliang. And Wei Zhuang strongly advised Wang Jian not to act rashly, and finally Wang Jian established the former Shu regime, Wei Zhuang was entrusted with important tasks, and the former Shu law was mostly from his hands.
Their choices and perseverance are paving the way for the next dynasty. Copywriting 2: When Zhu Wen usurped power and the situation between Korea and China was turbulent, Wei Zhuang had already left Chang'an.
He chose to take refuge in Bashu and took refuge in Wang Jian, the envoy of Xichuan Jiedu, just to stay away from the war and live a quiet life. However, after the fall of the Tang Dynasty, Han Wei still insisted on using Tang Chen to refer to himself and did not recognize the name of the Later Liang Dynasty, and his persistence was admirable.
Similarly, Luo Yin chose to take refuge in Wu Yueqian at the age of 55, but persuaded him to raise troops to defeat Houliang on the eve of the fall of the Tang Dynasty, and his wisdom is admirable. And Wei Zhuang strongly advised Wang Jian not to act rashly, and finally Wang Jian established the former Shu regime, Wei Zhuang was entrusted with important tasks, and the former Shu law was mostly from his hands.
Their choices and perseverance are paving the way for the next dynasty.
From the renewal of Vientiane in the early Tang Dynasty to the gorgeous curtain call in the late Tang Dynasty, Tang poetry has witnessed the changes in the history of the Tang Dynasty. Although we cannot say goodbye to Tang poems, the imprint they left behind will be remembered forever.