Shang Dynasty Terror Code Oracle is not just a burial
Pursue the secrets of ancient writing, click above to follow, and share your research and interpretation of oracle bone inscriptions every day. The oracle bone inscription, also known as the Qiwen, Yinxu script or tortoiseshell animal bone inscription, is the earliest mature Chinese character in China, mainly appearing in divination records of the late Shang Dynasty, and is an important carrier of Shang Dynasty script, and one of the earliest systematic scripts in East Asia.
Let's explore the history and culture behind this mysterious writing. "
King Wu of Zhou decided to crusade against King Zhou only three years after observing the army in Mengjin, and during these three years, according to the records of oracle bone inscriptions and Jin inscriptions, there were no large-scale wars in the Shang Dynasty.
During this time, the main army of the Shang Dynasty was even enough to be transferred back in Europe. Therefore, the so-called sneak attack does not exist at all. King Wu of Zhou gave King Zhou three years to prepare, but King Zhou still failed, as Liu Huaqiang said, "You won't be able to give you a chance."
Confucius was the one who made terracotta figurines to accompany the burial, and it has always been doubtful whether he had descendants. In fact, Confucius opposed any form of burial, including the use of terracotta figurines instead of the burial of the living, which he believed should not be promoted.
Confucius once said: "Yu Yu Qi Wenhu, I follow the Zhou", which shows that he is a descendant of Yin Shang, but he has always advocated Zhou rites, and Zhou rites abolished human martyrdom.
During the Shang Dynasty, women's social status was quite high, and their right to speak was respected and valued, while during the Zhou Dynasty, the status of women began to decline, and it was not until Confucianism became the mainstream of society that women became vassals of men.
For the abolition of the system of human martyrdom and animal sacrifice by the Zhou people after the reign of the Duke of Zhou, there is such a record in the "Book of Rites": "The dead use the vessels of the living, and they are not killed for use." It is said to be a bright vessel, and it is also a god.
Tu Che Shu Ling, since ancient times, the way of the Ming Instrument also. Confucius said that those who kill the soul are good, and those who are figurines are not benevolent -- they are not good at employing people! "
Although the Duke of Zhou opposed human martyrdom, small states such as the Song Kingdom, where Confucius was born, did not adopt it. The development trend of human history is to gradually move from barbarism and cruelty to civilized wisdom, especially the way of treating the same kind.
In recent years, however, anti-intellectual rhetoric has been rampant, and shady and cruel rhetoric has become ubiquitous. What are the consequences of this? Let's think about it together.
The Shang Dynasty people showed resoluteness and bravery in confronting foreigners and defending their homeland and country, which is not terrifying. The enemies of the Shang Dynasty were not good people, but foreign people who posed a threat to them.
The oracle bone inscriptions record the Shang Dynasty's conflicts with foreign tribes, and archaeological research needs to be further confirmed. The Shang Dynasty did have the behavior of employing human animals, including captives, slaves and witches, and there may even be the phenomenon of cannibalism, but from the current understanding of the word Yi, cannibalism is not universally accepted.
The Shang Dynasty probably killed them all because of their low productivity and inability to feed their many captives, or because they regarded the foreign race as an outlier. While this behavior may seem cruel in modern times, it may not be so incomprehensible in the social context of the time.
The Golden Bough is an extensive anthropological work that can be used as a reference to corroborate phenomena that have not been mentioned in conjunction with local sources. However, to use it as the only criterion to cover civilizations that it has not studied in depth is to put the cart before the horse.
Although the study of Jin Zhi can cover many aspects of Shang civilization, it still needs to be supported by conclusive documentary sources. After all, even anthropological scholars need to be grounded in their search for first-hand sources.
This word,"Gizzard"It is sometimes used in our hometown, but it may not be common in other places. It is said that in ancient times, many people were cruelly punished for committing crimes, such as Long Feng, Bigan, Chang Hong, and Zixu, who were all cut open and entrailed like a fish.
In particular, Chang Hong, who lived in the Spring and Autumn Period, was also tortured like this, which is enough to imagine how cruel the Shang Dynasty, which advocated human sacrifice. They are like fish that have been processed, hung there and slaughtered.
Both the Shang and American civilizations had the cruelty of human sacrifice, mainly to strong men, slaves, or samurai. Although there are a few records of bronzed heads boiling the heads of young girls, this is a very rare exception.
Although such behavior was unacceptable in human civilization, it was considered normal at the time. Although the Zhou dynasty established a ceremonial system, it did not completely end this inhumane practice.
On the contrary, by the Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, women and children were used as human martyrdom on a large scale. It wasn't until later that the Chongpachi Emperor reverted to this bad habit, even using virgins and boys, and pouring mercury was also their cruel method.
This behavior is appalling.
The customs of the Shang Dynasty people, sacrificing to the gods of heaven is indispensable, whether it is livestock in the early stage, or various people in the later period, as long as it is the emperor, princes and ministers, it may become a sacrifice.
Everything can be sacrificed to the gods, and after the sacrifices are made to the gods, the remaining people will make a meal and give it to the people below. Because the king of Shang did not like to worship the gods, it caused internal contradictions, and was finally defeated by the king of Wu.
After King Wu of Zhou ascended the throne, he also began the ritual of sacrificing to the gods, but after his death, Zhou Gongdan proposed it in order to prevent people from continuing to worship him"Destiny is unusual, but virtue is supplemented"Attempts to instill poisonous chicken soup through this thought.
The words of 5,000 years ago are still understandable to modern people, but Shakespeare's books are as difficult to understand as heavenly books for modern English. This is the charm of Chinese civilization.
I am a post-90s self-creator, dedicated to self-writing and personal improvement sharing. I am convinced that those who work hard will always be lucky. If you want to be better too, let's work together!