In today's society, is a diploma important? Yes, but is it very important? Not necessarily. The social circle, insight and development opportunities that can be brought by high education are indeed not available to people with low education, but with the development of society, the division of labor is becoming more and more detailed, and the skills that some people have worked hard to learn are at a loss in society; On the contrary, masons and bricklayers and carpenters, who seem to be inferior, can show their skills.
Regardless of whether they think that academic qualifications are important or not, the vast majority of people who have experienced social beatings or people who have come before will tell their children that they should study hard and strive to get a higher education. In school, after mastering the knowledge and skills and joining the society, you can learn other knowledge more quickly and make better choices for your future. For the vast majority of people, people with higher education can do jobs with low education, while people with low education cannot cope with jobs that require higher education.
Four years ago, multiple departments jointly issued the "Opinions on Accelerating the Reform and Development of Graduate Education in the New Era", proposing to "take service demand as the guide and reasonably expand the scale of talent training." The enrollment scale of doctoral students is moderately advanced, and the enrollment scale of master's students has been steadily expanded. "In recent years, domestic doctoral education has developed rapidly, and the enrollment scale of doctoral students exceeded 100,000 for the first time in 2019; By 2022, the enrollment of doctoral students is 1390,000 people, an increase of 32% in three years.
Once upon a time, an undergraduate student could successfully find a job after graduation; Nowadays, master's and doctoral degrees are flying all over the sky, but employers are complaining. How to ensure the quality of doctoral training while expanding the enrollment scale of doctoral students is a problem that must be faced in the next step. According to the data released by the Ministry of Education, in 2023, China's fresh doctoral graduates will reach 7Of the 520,000 people, less than 40% can go to universities and scientific research institutions for employment, more than 20% of doctoral graduates go to enterprises for employment, and the rest cannot find suitable jobs.
In the job market of large and medium-sized cities, graduate students are even more abundant, and in the eyes of enterprises, these people are "nothing more than that". In the past, master's and doctoral degrees were rare talents and "sweet spots" in the job market. However, after the expansion of higher education, the number of students has surged, and there is no strict distinction and restriction of one, two, and three, this group has also changed from a representative of high education to a big pool of fish and pearls, resulting in a bachelor's degree becoming less and less valuable, in order to meet the threshold of employers, even students who are not interested in graduate students have to join the competition for postgraduate entrance examinations.
There is no doubt that in the development of doctoral education, we must adhere to the "classification principle", not only to divide doctoral into academic and professional doctors, but also to adopt a targeted education and teaching model, and not all of them can be trained according to academic doctors. On the one hand, there is a need for a societal shift in the perception of doctoral students; On the other hand, colleges and universities are required to strengthen the construction of teachers and courses according to the different types of doctoral education, and explore different evaluation systems for doctoral education.
In the new era of doctoral education, where the number of doctoral students exceeds 100,000 per year and the number of doctoral students exceeds 600,000, it is necessary to form a clear training orientation for different types of doctors. It is necessary to dispel the myth of "highly educated talents = academic talents", strengthen the professional practicality of doctoral degree education, build a "theory + practice" dual-guide dynamic incentive plan teacher team, promote the integration of industry and education, and cultivate high-level application-oriented talents guided by the actual needs of enterprises.
It can be seen that the sequelae of the disorderly expansion of university enrollment are gradually affecting the graduate student group. Peking University, Nanjing University, Fudan University, Tianjin University, Zhejiang University and Chinese Renmin University have also far exceeded the number of undergraduates, and more than twice as many as undergraduates. At present, the number of graduate students is higher than that of undergraduates, which not only makes the competition for resources more intense, but also invisibly aggravates the employment difficulties of undergraduates.