The symbol of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party refers to the specific event or stage in which the two parties officially begin to cooperate. The following are the hallmarks of the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation:
1.The First National Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang: The First National Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang was successfully held in Guangzhou from January 20 to 30, 1924, marking the completion of the reorganization of the Kuomintang and the formal formation of the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation. At this congress, the First National Congress of the Kuomintang established the policy of the three revolutions of uniting with Russia, uniting with the Communist Party, and supporting peasants and workers, and implemented cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.
2.Political Consensus on Kuomintang-Communist Cooperation: The first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation was also marked by the political consensus reached by the two parties. In the early days of KMT-CPC cooperation, the two parties jointly realized that opposing imperialism and feudal warlords was a common goal and need, and also realized the needs of the two parties for their respective development. Therefore, the political consensus on the cooperation between the KMT and the CPC has become an important symbol of the KMT-CPC cooperation.
3.Communist Party members join the Kuomintang: In the process of establishing the first KMT-CCP cooperation, the Communist Party played an active role. The Communist Party organizations at all levels have done a lot of ideological work, mobilized Communist Party members and progressive youths to join the Kuomintang, propagated the Three People's Principles, and actively promoted the national revolutionary movement.
The first KMT-CCP cooperation was marked by the convening of the First National Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang, the political consensus reached between the KMT and the CPC, and the active role of Communist Party members in joining the KMT.
The symbol of the second KMT-CCP cooperation was gradually formed in the context of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. The following are the landmark events of the formation of the second KMT-CCP cooperation:
1.On August 1, 1935, the delegation of the Communist Party of China to the Comintern, in the name of the Provisional Chinese Soviet Republic and the Communist Party of China, issued the "Letter to All Compatriots for Resisting Japan and Saving the Country" (i.e., the "August 1 Declaration"), calling on the people of the whole country to unite, stop the civil war, resist Japan and save the country, and organize national defense and anti-Japanese coalition forces.
2.In January 1936, the CCP issued a letter to the Kuomintang and the "Instructions on the Issue of Forcing Chiang to Resist Japan", advocating the resumption of cooperation between the two parties.
3.In December 1936, the Xi'an Incident broke out, and the Communist Party of China quickly determined the policy of peacefully resolving the incident, and sent *** and others to Xi'an for negotiations. After arduous efforts, the incident was resolved peacefully, creating the preconditions for the second cooperation between the KMT and the CPC.
4.From February to late September 1937, representatives of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party held six negotiations, and the Kuomintang finally agreed to the reorganization of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army, and announced the recognition of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningbo Border Region**.
5.On September 22, 1937, the National News Agency issued the "Declaration of the Communist Party of China for the Promulgation of the Cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party"; On the 23rd, Chiang Kai-shek issued a speech pointing out the necessity of uniting against insults, and in fact recognized the legitimate status of the Chinese Communist Party. After more than half a year of difficult and tortuous negotiations, marked by the publication of the CPC's "Manifesto" and Chiang Kai-shek's speech, the second cooperation between the KMT and the CPC was formally formed.
These events marked the beginning of the second KMT-CCP cooperation and laid the foundation for cooperation between the KMT and the CCP in the War of Resistance Against Japan.