Pan Wenhua refused to revolt because his wife was a military commander
During the turbulent period of the Kuomintang-Communist War, a liberation force surging in western Sichuan that fought bravely and defended the dignity of the country. The central figure of this storm is undoubtedly Pan Wenhua, the former military and political chief of the southwest of the Kuomintang.
His subordinates eagerly persuaded him to follow the People's Liberation Army to liberate Sichuan and contribute to the country's prosperity and development. However, the corners of Pan Wenhua's mouth hooked up a bitter smile, a trace of struggle flashed in his eyes, and finally said something that surprised everyone: "My wife is a Kuomintang military commander." ”
This man, who has countless admirable honors, is hesitant at this moment because of a woman. This is not only a decision about family and feelings, but also a moment to test Pan Wenhua's loyalty, beliefs and ideals.
How he chooses, which will determine his future, will also test his tenacity and courage.
Will he be able to find a balance between patriotic feelings and personal feelings? Did Pan Wenhua abandon his beliefs and dreams because of his deep connection with the Kuomintang military commander?
In this work, we will experience Pan Wenhua's past together, witness how he struggles between family, emotions and country, and finally makes a choice related to the fate of the nation.
Now, the scales of history are waiting for Pan Wenhua to bring the final balance to it.
In late September 1949, members of the Sichuan-Kang Special Committee and the Sichuan-East Special Committee flew to Nanjing to report the situation in the Sichuan-Kang area to Zhang Jichun, Song Renqiang, Li Da and others, and listen to their work guidance.
In the spacious and bright Erye headquarters, ** and other leaders listened attentively to the report. "The task of winning over Liu Wenhui's uprising is crucial. *Stroking his short black hair, he said with a firm gaze: "Our Party has been working on the uprising there for many years, and now is the time to reap the fruits.
But we have to be well prepared. In the process of cooperating with the PLA to liberate the southwest, we need a foolproof plan. At the same time, it is also necessary to intensify the efforts to instigate rebellion against other Kuomintang troops. ”
The Central ** organization in the Chuankang Prefecture immediately responded to the instructions of the leaders of the first and other leaders, carried out strict organizational rectification, and intensified efforts to mobilize the Kuomintang army to prepare for the final liberation of the Great Southwest Region.
In October, Qian Ying, head of the local party organization in the southwest of the CPC, presided over a meeting of responsible persons in eastern Sichuan in Chongqing, at which it was decided to intensify the work of plotting rebellion against the Kuomintang troops, and at the same time to intensify the work of plotting rebellion against Pan Wenhua and others and the local armed forces, as well as to strengthen the work of the united front.
Under the impetus of this series of measures, the timing of the uprising of Liu Wenhui, Deng Xihou, and Pan Wenhua selected by the CCP was established in September.
Xiong Yang, Zhang Anguo, and Yang Jiazhen had an in-depth discussion that clarified the date of the uprising, its preparations, and a detailed plan for how to cooperate with the PLA after a successful uprising.
Before the Second Field Army invaded Sichuan, the People's Liberation Army had already carefully planned the struggle and uprising against Pan Wenhua and others. From the perspective of Pan Wenhua's past, why the Communist Party wanted to liberate Sichuan and fight for Pan Wenhua's uprising is a question that we must understand.
Pan Wenhua's life experience Pan Wenhua, whose name is Zhongsan, originated from an ordinary intellectual family in Renshou, Sichuan. In 1885, he was born in his father's life as a village teacher, teaching and renting small plots of land.
However, Pan Wenhua's childhood was not smooth, and he lost his mother when he was three years old. Later, when his father remarried, the burden on the family became heavier, and Pan Wenhua had to leave his beloved private school at a very young age and go to Chengdu to find a way to make a living.
Luckily, someone introduced him to an apprenticeship at a Chinese medicine shop and started a new chapter in his life. At this time, the whole country was preparing to establish 36 new armies, Yuan Shikai trained the new army at the small station in Tianjin, and the Qing Dynasty decided to set up three towns in the vast land of Sichuan, where there were many soldiers.
As a result, the Army Officers' Crash Course and the Benme Brigade came into being to train a new generation of military talents for the country. Pan Wenhua is one of them, he was successfully admitted to the Benmu team with his own strength, and after graduation, he served as the deputy platoon commander.
In 1909, in order to prevent the Anglo-Indian hostile forces from ** the motherland, the governor of Sichuan went to Erfeng to lead the army into **, and began the war of resistance against Britain known as "100,000 Qing troops entering Tibet".
With his tenacity and bravery, Pan Wenhua marched all the way to Batang, Sichuan, and was promoted to company commander in the army. After entering Tibet, he led his troops to garrison the Gyantse region of Houzang.
However, the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution led to the demise of the Qing Dynasty, and the Qing army in Tibet faced problems such as logistical difficulties and deterioration of military-civilian relations. At this time, Yuan Shikai** was also unable to provide effective support.
Pan Wenhua led the company's lone army to hold on to Gyantse, overcame all kinds of difficulties, and finally successfully returned to Yunnan and Sichuan from Yadong via India and Burma by selling more than 100 guns under the mediation of the British.
During the long journey, they went through a series of life and death tests, but fortunately, the old minister, Chung Ti Dao, took a fancy to Phan Van Hua's loyalty and courage, and appointed him as the battalion commander and stationed him at Daba Mountain.
And Pan Wenhua became the head of the regiment in 1915 and was stationed in the Bazhong region. At that time, Liu Xiang had already made a name for himself among the warlords of the southwest. Just as Liu Xiang led his troops from southern Shaanxi to return to Sichuan, passing through Bazhong, they were faced with the dilemma of shortage of money and food and low morale.
Pan Wenhua did not hesitate to take the initiative to help Liu Xiang tide over the difficulties by virtue of the friendship between the two military academy classmates. He not only allowed Liu Xiang's troops to cross the border, but also generously donated 20,000 yuan.
This action deeply touched Liu Xiang, and the friendship between the two deepened. Soon after, Pan Wenhua led his regiment to Liu Xiang and was appointed brigade commander. In 1920, Liu Xiang served as the Sichuan Aftermath Supervisor, the commander of the Second Army and the commander-in-chief of the Sichuan Army, while Pan Wenhua became the commander of the 2nd Brigade.
Five years later, Pan was promoted to commander of the 11th Division, stationed in the resource-rich Yibin area of southern Sichuan. Since then, Pan Wenhua has always followed Liu Xiang and become his right-hand man and confidant, and has experienced countless battles together.
When there was a conflict within the Sichuan army, Liu Xiang was forced to retreat to Chongqing and two nearby counties, and the tug-of-war between life and death was worrying. At this time, the warlord Yang Sen tried to capture Liu Xiang's territory, and he mobilized the strength of several divisions, united with some small warlords, and marched towards Chongqing with great momentum.
Pan Wenhua stepped forward, proposed countermeasures, and personally led his troops to counterattack the enemy army. After days and nights of fierce fighting, Pan Wenhua was wounded in his left arm, but he insisted on the battlefield and relied on only a few sweet potatoes to satisfy his hunger.
At the critical moment, Pan Wenhua overcame his injuries and bravely rushed into the enemy formation. Yang Sen's main force could not resist the pressure and fled in Chongqing. Liu Xiang took advantage of the victory to pursue and regain control of most areas in eastern and northern Sichuan.
Pan Wenhua grew up in a poor family, and his difficult experience of poor life is unforgettable. After becoming Liu Xiang's mentor and mayor of Chongqing, he began to dabble in the business world, using the combination of power and capital to invest in real estate, industry and finance, and gradually amassed wealth.
In order to win over Pan Wenhua, Chiang Kai-shek not only made his brother-in-law, Premier, Kong Xiangxi, and Pan Wenhua brothers, deepening their relationship, but also allowed Pan Wenhua's younger brother Pan Changyou, who was active in the business circles, to establish close ties with Kong Xiangxi, who was well-known in the financial circles, and appeared very close.
With such a relationship, Pan Changyou is like a fish in water in the business world and has a reputation far and wide.
Although Chiang Kai-shek gave many advantages in order to win over Pan Wenhua, Pan Wenhua deeply felt that Chiang Kai-shek did not trust him. In order to protect himself, he had to secretly confront other forces, delaying and sabotaging many plans of Chiang Kai-shek and Liu Xiang.
This made Chiang Kai-shek very dissatisfied. After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in 1945, Chiang Kai-shek immediately abolished the Sichuan-Shaanxi-Hubei Border Region Pacification Office under the supervision of Pan Wenhua, and at the same time abolished Pan Qingzhou's Bashan Garrison Command, abolished the establishment and personnel, stopped paying salaries, and disbanded the troops.
In the end, Phan Van Hua only retained the posts of commander of the 56th Army and deputy director of the Chuankang Pacification Office. His younger brother Pan Changyou was once a big man in Sichuan's financial circles, but because of Chiang Kai-shek's covert operation, the Bank of Sichuan was reorganized, and Pan Changyou was forced to resign.
In this case, Pan Wenhua was furious. On the one hand, he asked his younger brother to spend a lot of money to lobby Kong Xiangxi and other high-level figures, and on the other hand, he used his deep friendship with Cheng Qian and Chen Cheng to maneuver in many ways, and finally successfully won the post of director of the Sichuan-Guizhou-Hunan-Hubei Border Region Pacification Office after Chiang Kai-shek's plan for reorganizing the army was introduced.
After the reorganization of the troops, they were arranged in the eastern Sichuan-You, Xiu, Guizhou, Peng, and western Hunan border areas surrounded by mountains, inconvenient transportation, and rampant banditry.
The control of the former Chuankang region was consolidated with the close cooperation of Liu, Deng, and Pan. The Communist Party recognized Pan Wenhua's deep hatred for Chiang Kai-shek and actively sought his accession.
Pan Wenhua's influence in the Sichuan-Chongqing region is extensive, and his network plays an important role in the liberation of Sichuan-Chongqing. During the Anti-Japanese War, he was based in Chongqing and established a close relationship with Wang Ruofei and others.
He believed that the Communist Party was reliable, which gave him a new understanding of the struggle between the Communist Party and the NLD. Therefore, the uprising for Pan Wenhua was of vital significance to the PLA's seizure of the Sichuan-Chongqing region.
In order to persuade Pan Wenhua to surrender, he sent an envoy Tang Wuyuan to keep in touch with Pan, and Tang Wuyuan received the task of bringing back the "Eight Chapters of the Covenant of the People's Liberation Army" from Hong Kong from the Southern Bureau.
After reading the Eight Chapters of the Covenant, Pan Wenhua decided to surrender, and he asked his staff officer Yang Xuyun to prepare for an uprising and act in accordance with the Eight Chapters of the Covenant. Yang Xuyun immediately flew to Chongqing after receiving the telegram, the two sat together with solemn expressions, Yang Xuyun said firmly: "We must launch an uprising, welcome liberation, act in accordance with the "Eight Chapters of the Law", and success will come naturally. ”
Pan Wenhua nodded in agreement, and said that he was exhausted during this time and finally found a way out.
Yang Xuyun asked curiously, "What's wrong?" Pan Wenhua shook his head helplessly: "You don't know the ins and outs. It all started with that lady with a deep background. ”
Yang Xuyun suddenly understood that the so-called Mrs. Ru was the aunt who had a military background. In accordance with Chiang Kai-shek's instructions, Dai Li, the head of the military command, not only used despicable methods, such as intelligence manipulation, assassination, and rebellion, but also carefully selected beautiful women, trained them professionally, and let them receive a high-quality education.
Then, they were "married" to some powerful local figures, such as Pan Wenhua, Wang Lingji, and Wu Huawen, a warlord in Shandong. One of the most famous examples is that Ye Xiazhai, one of the three beauties of the military command, was sent to the United States to study, and later married Hu Zongnan.
Since ancient times, "fists are hard to beat the pillow, and guns and bullets are difficult to resist tender attacks", which is the root of the "beauty plan". "Despite her military background, with us, there are no adverse actions. ”
Yang Xuyun looked a little puzzled. "It's not that simple. Pan Wenhua shook his head and said: "These days, she always makes a fuss for me to go to Hong Kong or Kolkata with my family property, saying that I want to enjoy the rest of my life." ”
Yang Xuyun was taken aback and hurriedly asked, "Then what are your plans?" "To Hong Kong, and to Calcutta, India. Although there is material abundance and a worry-free life, after all, it is a life in a foreign land.
Besides, displaced people will eventually have to go home. I am already in the quagmire, how can I wander far away again? Yang Xuyun was silent. The revised copy maintains the core idea of the original copy, that is, the application of the "beauty trick" and the antipathy to distant wandering.
At the same time, the language of the new copy is more fluent and the expression is clearer.
After a while, Pan Wenhua's mood calmed down and said confidently: "I have made up my mind that I will not leave here no matter what." Based on my deep friendship with the Communist Party and with *** for ten years, I must choose to embark on the path of insurrection and resolutely break with the Kuomintang clique of Chiang Kai-shek.
It was the best choice of my life. However, how should I arrange for her? Yang Xuyun pondered for a moment and said firmly: "This is your family problem, I shouldn't have been nosy.
However, now the situation has become so dire that arrangements have to be made. It seems to me that she and you have been in a relationship for more than ten years, and the relationship with the military commander has faded.
But now, since we have broken with Chiang, it is neither convenient for us to contact the Communist Party nor explain our ...... to the military commanders”
A trace of regret and nostalgia flashed in Pan Wenhua's eyes, and looking at Yang Xuyun, there was a heavy weight in his heart. He took a deep breath, lowered his head, and said heavily, "We can't let her stay here." ”
Yang Xuyun replied without hesitation: "Yes." Pan Wenhua sighed heavily and said, "Husband and wife are originally birds in the same forest, and they fly separately when disaster comes." My relationship with her has come to an end.
But we were once husband and wife, and we still need to be gentle and considerate when parting. Let her go to Hong Kong, respect her choice, and live up to the friendship of husband and wife in this life. He then gave all the gold bars and some of his belongings to his aunt and sent her to Hong Kong.
On December 12, 1949, Beijing received a telegram from Ya'an Radio ** about the uprising of Pan Wenhua and others.
In the vast chapter of Chinese history, Pan Wenhua's story is like a vivid picture. As a military general, he bravely chose to join the uprising and dedicate himself to the cause of liberation.
He not only shouldered the mission entrusted by history, but also demonstrated an incomparably noble patriotic spirit. It was his selfless dedication that made great contributions to the liberation of the Sichuan-Chongqing region.
The story of Pan Wenhua gives us a deep understanding that for the sake of the country and the nation, individual sacrifices and choices are inevitable, and this spirit is something we should vigorously inherit and learn.
The following are the references: 1Liao Shizhe, "The Story of Pan Wenhua, the General of the Western Sichuan Uprising". Essence of Literature and History, March 1998, pp. 46-50.
2.Deng Gaoru and Tao Zhu asked, "The Chronicle of the Uprising of Liu Wenhui, Deng Xihou, and Pan Wenhua in Tianchangchuankang". 3.An Zhi and Yongsuo: "Remembering Mr. Pan Wenhua".
Longmen Array, No. 3, 1986. 4.Yang Jiazhen: "The Last Decisive Martyr - Before and After Liu Wenhui's Uprising". Longmen Array, No. 6, 1985.
5."The Uprising and Transformation of the 24th Army of the Kuomintang". Chengdu Cultural and Historical Materials, Vol. 1, 1989.