Scientific rambling
Presumably, when you watch war movies, you will find that landmines are an indispensable "heavyweight" in the battle between the two armies** Different from submachine guns or riflesMines have a greater damage rangeAnd it is often possible to "kill invisibly" without the enemy noticing.
But you know you've heard of what everybody calls it"The Living Widow Making Machine".The Jump Thunder? This is much more vicious than ordinary landmines.
Is this mine really that scary? How lethal is it? Let's start with the past and present lives of the "Living Widow Making Machine".
When it comes to landmines, people usually think of lethal devices that are buried in the ground and emit shrapnel around them when they are used, specifically to threaten infantry. This is the typical way of killing traditional landminesMost of the ** energy is absorbed by the earth, while shrapnel is responsible for causing damage.
The Germans, however, fully turned on their little heads, thinking that this kind of passingThe way to control mines will waste a lot of ammunition. As a result, they developed a highly innovative mine"Bouncing Betty".
When you hear this name, you may still think it is a little cute, and you can't associate this toy-like name with "murder" at all. But often the most fascinating and the most dangerousIt also has a scientific name called S-shaped jumping mine, which has terrified countless soldiers.
In appearance, it is a cylinder with a diameter of 102 mm and a height of 127 mm, and there are two "antennas" on the top as ** fuses, which are as cute as a small chubby pier.
But what kind of power does it have? As an anti-infantry mine designed by the German army to combat infantry, the design of the S-jump mine is the most fearsome thing about itThe main body contains about 360 steel balls, short iron rods or pieces of broken metal.
That is to say, once you accidentally detonate this jumping mine, it will not open immediately, butWill quickly "jump" to 1-15 meters - that is, pushed to the waist-height of most soldiersYou can think about what "hidden parts" there are in that place.
Once the mine reaches a preset height, the main charge is transformed into a lethal shotgun that is fired at an extremely high speed horizontal angle. The range is so wide that it can even be360-degree sweep of all people within 100 meters without dead ends.
But all the soldiers who are recruited will be worse than deadEither the limbs are crippled, or other organs are damagedIsn't this the modern version of "castration torture"? After all, for the soldiers, it was more painful than letting them dieSuffer a double blow, both physical and psychological
Only during WWII,Nearly 2 million S-type mines have been produced. And on the battlefield, the Germans laid mines with an extremely high density, and once someone stepped on a mine, it usually resulted in 4 or 5 adjacent mines in the same way**.
Therefore, at that time, the soldiers who went to the battlefield would silently pray like heaven before setting off, and never be unlucky enough to encounter such an "insidious thing".
In addition to inflicting a blow on the human body, this mine is also very good against tanks. German soldiers usually placed jumping mines around Allied tanks, and once triggered, the mines would strike 360° in mid-air, accurately hitting the vehicle driver and combatant windows. More than 300 fragments will disperse at high speedEven if only one or two hit the target, it is enough to make a **man**.
In fact, there are many different types of mines, and the difference is different in addition to the damage method and the detonation method.
Here's a question for youWhat do you think you should do if you accidentally step on a landmine? Presumably 999% of people will choose to stay put, thinking that as long as I don't put my feet on it, it won't**, then you are very wrong.
This kind of landmine does exist if it is not released and does not explode, and it belongs to the loose type of landmine. But in reality, mines are usually buried in the soil and covered with wooden planks and stuffIt is very difficult for ordinary people to perceive that they have stepped on a landmineAnd in war, such mines are also rare.
The battlefield is more of a pressure mine, a type of mine that is triggered by being pressured. This type of mine mainly responds to pressure exerted by vehicles, infantry, etcOnce triggered, it will be instantly**. Pressure mines are often used on the battlefield to undermine enemy armored vehicles and infantry.
There is also a remote-controlled mine, which is usually detonated remotely by the operator through a remote-controlled device. Remote-controlled mines have greater accuracy and controlIt can be operated remotely according to the actual situationReduced the risk of accidentally injuring allies.
In the course of the evolution of mines,Flame retardant mines also appearedThe flames and smoke produced by their ** can effectively deter enemy forces from attacking.
Of course, these mines are the most commonly used types of mines in the past, with the continuous development of the strength of each thing and the improvement of the level of science and technologyGradually, a smart mine was inventedIt is an advanced mine that can intelligently judge according to the dynamics of the target and trigger the first mine at the right time by integrating advanced sensors, communication and control systems.
These mines are usually equipped with a variety of sensors such as radar, infrared sensors, cameras, etc., which are able to sense changes in the surrounding environment. Through these sensors,Smart mines can accurately detect information such as the presence, speed and direction of the target.
And they are often interconnected with command centers or other mines to enable information sharing and coordinated operations. Through the communication system,Smart mines can receive commands and update target informationAnd adjust its own working status in real time.
Compared to conventional mines, smart mines are able to:Choose your target more accurately and do it at the right time. This makes them more effective in the fight against enemy forces, the destruction of armored vehicles, etc.
With the continuous emergence of different types of mines, the means of mine clearance are also changing all the time.
The earliest means of demining can be traced back to antiquity in the history of warfare. Hand deminingIt has been one of the earliest and most basic methods of demining in history.
At that time, deminers relied mainly on simple methods, such as knives, shovels and other tools, to carry out manual demining. These methods of deminingIt is relatively inefficient and more dangerous, because deminers need to have personal access to potential **.
Over time, deminers gradually abandoned simple knives and shovels in favor of more advanced tools such as:Thunder rodWait. This type of lightning rod is designed to resemble a steel drillMines are detected by inserting them into the cover by means of contact with the mine body.
Although this method can protect soldiers from mines to a certain extent, there are still many drawbacks that cannot be ignored, such as:The detection speed is slower,It cannot meet the operational needs of quickly clearing minefields and opening up roads.
In the 50s of the 20th century, the US military developed oneNon-metallic high-frequency mine detectors,Mines are detected using differences in the dielectric constants of substances. However, this mine detector is not only interested in landmines, it is susceptible to tree roots, stones, etc. in the soilFalse signals are generated. In order to solve this problem, non-metallic mine detectors based on pulsed radar, infrared imaging, acoustic shock, nuclear quadrupole moment resonance, neutron and other technologies have subsequently appeared.
These new non-metallic mine detectors have improved the accuracy and reliability of mines through more advanced technical means. Pulsed radar can penetrate the earth's surface and emit signals at high frequenciesThe location of the mine is determined by receiving an echo.
Infrared imaging technologyThe temperature difference between the mine and the surrounding environment is used to produce a clear image, which enables deminers to more intuitively identify the location of the mine.
Sonic boom technologyThe mine is located by analyzing the sound produced when the mine is detonated; Nuclear quadrupole moment resonance and neutron technologies, which detect the material composition of mines, have greatly improved the accuracy and speed of mine clearance.
In addition to this, countries have developed a range of mechanized demining equipment, such as:Demining vehicles, demining robotsWait. These devices are able to carry out demining tasks without exposing deminers to danger, increasing the safety of the entire demining process.
In recent years,Laser technology, dronesand other high-tech means are also widely used in the field of demining. Lasers can be used to accurately detect landmines, while drones can be used for fast and efficient survey and demining operations in hazardous areas.
In addition to advanced electronic technology mine detectors, biological mine detection is also a kind of non-metallic mine detection technology that attracts attention. In some countries,Mine detection dogsIt has become a right-hand man in the engineering unit. The guidelines prepared by the United Nations in the International Mine Action Standards (IMAS) have added relevant chapters such as "Operating Procedures for Mine Detection Dogs" and "Guidelines for the Use of Mine Detection Dogs" to provide specifications for the use of mine detection dogs.
Compared to mine detection dogs,Thunder mousesThe lower weight does not lead to ** even if you step on a mine by mistake. They are highly adaptable to the environment and can still work efficiently in harsh minefields. Through training,The detection rate of explosives can be as high as 100%.
These biological mine detection methods not only improve the efficiency of mine clearance, but also reduce the risk to personnel.
All over the world, heroic charging warriors have lost their lives to landmines. They probably all want to have strict control over landminesWe should urge all countries to abide by the provisions of international law and earnestly fulfill their relevant obligations.
In this era of advanced technology and wisdom, we have the ability to create a world free of conflict and war. Peace is not something that can be achieved overnight, but requires the joint efforts of every country and every member of society to realize our common aspirationsWorld peace, no more gunpowder and war.