"The Son of Heaven guards the country, and the king dies", this is the unanimous evaluation of the Zhu dynasty by Ming fans.
The Ming Dynasty was rich in "wonderful" emperors, and in the middle and late dynasties, there were alchemists and carpenters, but there were few who concentrated on governing the community.
Emperor Chongzhen is regarded as the "last conscience of the Ming Dynasty".He became the emperor at the age of 16 and took over the devastated country from Zhu Youxiao.
Although Chongzhen is diligent in government affairs, he is bent on reproducing the prosperity of the Ming Dynasty.
But the heavens did not fulfill people's wishes, coinciding with the Xiaoice Age, which is rare in a century, and the climate is unpredictable, with droughts, floods, locust plagues, and plague coming one after another.
There was starvation all over the Shanhaiguan Pass, and ten rooms and nine were empty.
Desperate peasants rose up, making the devastation of tomorrow even worse.
Outside the Shanhai Pass, the "invincible" Jurchen army is eyeing each other.
Emperor Chongzhen, who was exhausted, decided to ask the gods.
He changed into civilian clothes and took a few guards to the bazaar to find a monk to measure his characters.
Chongzhen wrote 2 words on the paper according to the instructions of the monk, but the monk was frightened.
Before leaving, when Chongzhen wanted to give money as a reward, the monk's head shook like a rattle, and he said again and again: "I don't take money from the dead." ”
In ancient times, the royal family always admired the divine authority of kings to justify their rule.
Therefore, the kings attached great importance to superstitious things such as sacrifices and divination.
In the seventh year of the Apocalypse, the "Carpenter Emperor" Zhu Youxiao died of illnessAccording to the principle of brother to brother, the throne passed to Zhu Youzhen.
Zhu Youzhen pondered for a long time when drawing up the era name, for fear that he would make the wrong name and let the country go back to the country.
After discussion, the old gate of the pavilion picked out four era names for Zhu Youzhen to select.
The first era name is "Xingfu", but Chongzhen said: "Zhongxing is very good, and I dare not be it";
The second era name is "Xianjia", Chongzhen feels that "Xianbian is Ge", which means to stop fighting for martial arts;
The third era name is "Qiansheng", Qiannai is one of the gossip, said Tian Yang, Chongzhen thinks that the word "Qian" is too big to support himself.
After careful consideration, Zhu Youzhen chose "Chongzhen" as the era name.
One day in May of the sixteenth year of Chongzhen, Emperor Zhu Youzhen changed into civilian clothes and paid a private visit to the market in Beijing.
In the hustle and bustle,Chongzhen saw a monk sitting on the side of the road, so he stepped forward and said, "Come, calculate it for me." ”
The monk said that he was good at splitting words and fortune-telling in "Zhou Yi", so he took out a blank piece of paper and a brush and asked Chongzhen to write a word.
Chongzhen once passed by a grain store named "Dayou" before fortune telling, so he remembered that he dreamed of the word "yes", and wrote the word "yes" on the paper.
The monk pinched his fingers and thought for a whileI saw him frowning and asked Chongzhen, "What does Mr. want to ask?" ”
Chongzhen replied: "I asked about the national fortune of the Ming Dynasty. ”
The monk pondered for a moment, but did not speak.
Chongzhen saw that the monk was a little hesitant, so he asked him to say that it was okay.
The monk explained: "There are words on the top of the big characters to remove half of the big characters, and the bottom of the clear characters to remove half of them, isn't the land divided into two halves?" ”
Chongzhen said: "I originally wanted to write the word 'friend'. ”
The senior monk shook his head and said with a solemn expression"This friend is the beginning of the reverse word, I'm afraid that the Ming Dynasty is not in danger, and even half of it will not be left. ”
Chongzhen hurriedly wrote the word "unitary" on the paper again, and the monk shook his head faster when he saw it.
He said: "Add two points to the unitary word, add an inch below, and now there is no head on the thigh below the word Zun, and there is only one bone joint in the middle to live?" ”
Having said that, Chongzhen doesn't need to ask again.
With a frustrated face, he asked his subordinates to take out a gold ingot and hand it to the monkBut the monk waved his hand and said, "I can't take the money of the dying person." ”
After Chongzhen went back, he seriously thought about the hexagram given by the monk, he did not give up on himself, but thought that man would win the sky, and still actively fought against various contradictions.
Chongzhen is the "chief person-in-charge" of the Ming Dynasty, and anyone in the civil and military can be rotten, but Chongzhen can't.
If the Ming Dynasty dies, as long as they are willing to actively serve the new dynasty, then they can still maintain a life of fine clothes and food.
Ke Chongzhen is a down-and-out monarch of the dead country, and the later lord Li Yu is a lesson for him.
In fact, no matter what Chongzhen says, the answer given by the fortune teller is the same: the dynasty is declining.
Because,The Ming Dynasty at that time was already difficult to return.
Disputes in the court portal. The frontier will be arrogant and lazy. The war is sparse and the rogue spreads", this is the real situation when Emperor Chongzhen ascended the throne.
As a teenager who was only 16 years old, he faced a series of disasters, an empty treasury, hungry people, a deep-rooted eunuch party, a scheming Donglin party, and a post-Jin country that was waiting for him.
Emperor Chongzhen first started with the court, punished Wei Zhongxian, advocated the economy of civil and military officials, and called on Wang Xun nobles to raise funds and donate.
ButNatural disasters will not be because of Chongzhen's hard work, and pity this country that is about to die.
Severe droughts have erupted in Beijing, Shandong, Hebei and even the Jianghuai region, with Shaanxi being the hardest hit province.
In the first year of Chongzhen, the whole Shaanxi sky was as red as blood.
Five years of great famine, six years of great floods, seven years of autumn locusts, great famine, eight years of drought in Xixiang in September, slightly more waterlogged, all the houses are gone, and Chongzhen can't take a penny to help the victims.
Compared with internal worries, external troubles are the most worthy of vigilance.
The hundreds of thousands of troops of the Ming Dynasty outside the Guanxi were fighting a fierce battle with the Houjin, and the voices on all sides were rising, and the salaries of the officers and soldiers, as well as the grain, grass and materials, all needed money.
The money, grain and grass of the Ming Dynasty were transported to the front line, and the affected people could only resign themselves to their fate.
The mountains of corpses are a carnival of rats, which in turn carry germs to the living.
The plague flew eastward from Shanxi to Zhili, and then continued to invade Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
Jiangnan is the money bag of the Ming Dynasty, and the outbreak of the plague here has made the already deficit Daming even worse.
Gao Yingxiang, Li Zicheng, Zhang Xianzhong and others rose up and recruited hundreds of thousands of homeless and hungry peasants.
Honest and loyal peasants will not rebel if they stutter.
However, natural disasters are so frequent** and turn a blind eye, and even ask the people in the disaster area to pay food.
Joining the rebel army, even if you end up with nine clans, you can at least have a full meal; If you don't join, you can only wait for death.
After becoming an insurrectionary army, they can not only follow the leader to eat and eat, but also take revenge on the ** and royal family members who once oppressed them.
Back then,Fu King Zhu Changxun did all kinds of evil in his fiefdom in Luoyangonly cares about the drunken gold in the wine pond in his own house, and doesn't care about the life or death of the people outside the house.
After Li Zicheng entered Luoyang, he not only divided Zhu Changxun's land, but also boiled Zhu Changxun and the deer he raised, and made a pot of "Fulu Banquet".
The twists and turns of the civil uprising flew into the Forbidden City like snowflakes, but the elites of the Ming Dynasty were all outside the pass to meet the enemy, and Chongzhen could only authorize the generals to let them recruit troops on their own.
The social contradictions during the Chongzhen period have long since become a dead circleThe occurrence of the Xiaoice River caused disasters, and disasters left the treasury empty;
If the treasury is empty, it will not be able to provide relief to the victims, resulting in a large number of displaced people, but it will take money to quell the rebellion.
At the same time, natural disasters dwindled the number of soldiers, so that not enough soldiers could be recruited to quell the rebellion and fight against Huang Taiji.
Chongzhen's days and nights were spent in such fears and waves of unsettled, but no matter how hard he tried, there was always no hope.
Chongzhen was overwhelmed by tedious affairs, and suffered from insomnia and dreams.
One night, he dreamed that someone had written the word "yes" and woke up and told the eunuch.
The sycophant eunuch hurriedly said that this was a good omen, and then Chongzhen talked about this dream in the court, and the courtiers also called it a good omen.
However, not long after, someone anonymously sent an anonymous note to Huijimen, saying that the dream "had" was a great omen.
"After Your Majesty's dream, the ministers think it is auspicious, and the ministers think it is not profitable, and if you cover the word 'have', then the 'Daming' will go to half of it!" ”
Chongzhen Longyan was furious and sent someone to investigate the matter thoroughly.
But Chongzhen turned the court upside down, but he didn't find the slightest.
Some speculatedThe person who wrote "Anonymous Folding" to Chongzhen was actually Li Zicheng, the fortune teller in the bazaar is an "actor" sent by Li Zicheng.
However, after careful analysis, with Li Zicheng's mind, he may not be able to come up with such a meticulous plan.
The monks in the bazaar calculated the death of Emperor Chongzhen, the land of the Ming Dynasty and the fall of the Ming Dynasty.
This is not the fortune teller's real ability to ** the development of things, but the inference he makes based on the actual situation.
Chongzhen is a qualified emperor, but he can only be regarded as a king of success, and he is by no means a master.
In fact, he could have avoided the hanging of the coal mountain and the fall of the country, but he was too rigid and self-serving, and he did not listen to anyone's advice, and only believed in himself.
Zhu Youzhen doesn't know the art of imperial balanceAs soon as he came to power, he killed the eunuch party and tried his best to support the Donglin Party, which led to the growing power of the Donglin Party.
And the Donglin Party members are not dedicated to the country, they always put their own interests above the interests of the country.
As the "New Theory of the Donglin Party" commented: "The final demise of the Ming Dynasty, the party members of the late Ming Dynasty, including the Donglin Party, are all responsible for unshirkable historical crimes." ”
Zhu Youzhen believes in the Donglin Party, which is full of benevolence and morality, but he is suspicious of the generals who fought bloodily for him.
At that time, Yuan Chonghuan had been fighting the enemy on the front line of Ningjin, and his contribution was indispensable.
When Huang Taiji drove his own expedition and killed outside the Guangqu Gate, Yuan Chonghuan rushed thousands of miles to help without saying a word, and relieved the siege of Jingshi.
As soon as the situation stabilized, Chongzhen ordered Yuan Chonghuan to be put in prison, and half a year later, he was executed by Ling Chi.
After Yuan Chonghuan's death, the people rushed forward to grab his meat to eat.
When the peasant uprising was quelled, so was Zhu Youzhen.
When choosing generals, Yang He was first appointed as the chief fu, and then Hong Chengchou was asked to take over this position, and then the official position was given to Cao Wenzhao, and then Chen Qiyu.
Zhu Youjian saw that the effect was not obvious, and he re-promoted Hong Chengchou.
Soon after, Lu Xiangsheng was used, then Yang Sichang, then Xiong Wencan, and then Yang Sichang.
Changing generals in battle is a taboo for soldiersChongzhen's doing this not only chilled the hearts of the generals, but also affected the overall situation of rebellion, giving the rogue soldiers and bandits an opportunity to take advantage of.
In the early days of the peasant uprising, Sun Chuanting invited Ying to go to Shaanxi, where the bandits were most serious, and established a brave army in Yulin that dared to fight.
Sun Chuanting was brave and strategic, and his majesty was well-organized, and he defeated the first "King Chuang" Gao Yingxiang in the first battle.
Li Zicheng took over the banner of "Chuang Wang" and formed the Thirteenth Route Alliance.
Sun Chuanting decided to encircle head-on and stick to Shangluo, those stragglers were beaten by Sun Chuanting and lost their armor, and peasant leaders such as "Scorpion Li" were captured one after another.
There were more than ten people left around Li Zicheng, so he had to hide in the mountains.
As soon as Sun Chuanting was about to take advantage of the victory to pursue, Chongzhen transferred him back to Beijing, and then sent him to prison.
Without Sun Chuanting, Li Zicheng quickly came out of the mountain again, and this time the momentum was even grander than before.
Chongzhen released Sun Chuanting from prison, neither giving money nor giving people, and let Sun Chuanting exterminate the rebels.
Sun Chuanting's troops had not yet been sorted out, and Chongzhen urged him to take the initiative with one order a day.
In desperation, Sun Chuanting could only change his strategy, and flocked to the peasant army like moths to the fire.
The number of peasant troops was dozens of times that of Sun Chuanting's army, and Sun Chuanting's hope was slim.
Despite this, he fought with all his might, and finally died under the sword of the peasant army.
After Sun Chuanting's death, his wife and children all committed suicide by throwing themselves into a well.
When the news reached Beijing, Chongzhen thought that Sun Chuanting had cheated to death.
Such an emperor, who will really support it.
The court was defeated and died, and the thief entered the customs, and the momentum became more and more intense. When it comes to survival, isn't it important to be tied to it? ”
After Sun Chuanting's death, Li Zicheng dared to be the emperor and dared to march into Beijing with great fanfare.
When the capital was in danger, Chongzhen issued an edict ordering the descendants of the clan family of the whole country to enter the king of Jingqin.
Zhu Yujian, the king of Tang, gathered thousands of soldiers and horses and prepared to rush to the capital.
When Chongzhen heard about it, instead of greeting him with great fanfare, he thought that King Tang wanted to take advantage of the danger of others and take away his country.
Chongzhen didn't say a word, and then abolished the Tang King as a concubine, and from then on, no vassal king dared to meddle in the affairs of the capital.
Chongzhen's various actions have chilled the hearts of the world.
Let's go back to the magical fortune teller, when Chongzhen said that he counted the fortune of the country, he guessed his identity.
WhileWhat Chongzhen did, the people saw it.
Therefore, he boldly guessed that the Ming Dynasty would fall.
The fortune teller first said that "half of the land is gone" because there were two Beijing divisions in the Ming Dynasty, one in Beijing and one in Nanjing.
Nanjing was prepared for the peril of Beijing, so the fortune teller first guessed that Chongzhen might run to Nanjing.
Previously, someone suggested that Chongzhen move the capital to Nanjing and then make plans. **10,000 Fans Incentive Plan
But Chongzhen sternly refused for the sake of face, so the fortune teller said: "The other half is gone."
Chongzhen is just too stubborn, he wanted to learn from Emperor Jingtai back then, but there was no Yu Qian by his side.
In fact, if Chongzhen can speak widely and accept advice with an open mind, Daming will not be like this at all.