Chinese female calligrapher Yang Meizi Zhu Shuzhen

Mondo Culture Updated on 2024-02-04

Reflecting the drifting Xiang Yang girl

Yang Meizi, a native of Huiji in the Southern Song Dynasty (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), was active in the Southern Song Dynasty during the period from Song Ning Zongqingyuan to Jiading, also known as Yang Wa. Sister Yang's identity is confusing, one says that she is the sister of Empress Yang of Song Ningzong, and the other says that she is Empress Yang herself, and everyone has always said that she is different.

Tao Zongyi's "Book History Meeting" in the Ming Dynasty recorded: "Sister Yang, the sister of Queen Yang." The book is like Ning Zong, and the painting is more than its title, and the language is about feelings, and people may ridicule it. Sun Chengze of the Qing Dynasty also contained: "Ma Yuan, the most well-known in the painting academy, has a branch of red plum, beautiful as life, and Yang Meizi inscribed a poem on it. Press: Sister Yang, the sister of Empress Gong of Ning Zong, calligraphy class Ning Zong. Where the Imperial Mansion Ma Yuan paints, there are many titles. Wang Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty said: "Where far paintings enter the palace, they are awarded to noble relatives, and Yang Wa is inscribed." "The above Yun Yang sister all thinks that Yang Meizi is the sister of Queen Yang.

It is also said that Yang Meizi is Queen Yang. Rarely selected into the palace with a posture, forgetting his surname, or being a person who will be an auditor. In the first year of Song Qingyuan (1195), he was named the lady of Pingle. In April of the third year of Qingyuan, Feng Jieyu was sealed. Those who have Yang Cishan will also be able to audit people. Later, he called himself his brother and took the surname Yang. Qingyuan entered Wanyi in five years and concubine in six years. Empress Gong Shuhan died, and the concubine was quite involved in the history of books, knew the past and the present, and became the queen.

Although Yang Meizi came from a humble background and had no flesh and blood relatives, she was a miscellaneous drama in the opera troupe when she was a child, and she was quite alert. And long but good at calligraphy and painting, but also good at poetry, even on the painting and calligraphy self-signed as Yang Meizi. There are many palace words in the works, which are compiled into two palace words, and the synopsis of the four libraries has been focused on it. The inscription poems are scattered in the catalogue of the Southern Song Dynasty. Good work flowers, the real works are no longer visible.

In Mr. Qi Gong's "Qi Gong Manuscript Series", "On the "Yang Meizi" with the inscription on the painting in the Southern Song Dynasty, it is believed that Yang Wa is the mistake of the surname Yang, and the surname Yang is the queen of Yang. Mr. Xu Bangda believes that treating Empress Yang and Sister Yang as two is a mistake of scholars in the Ming and Qing dynasties. There are three reasons for this: First, the meticulous "Qi Dongye Yu" and Ye Shaoweng's "Records of Experiences in the Four Dynasties" both prove that Empress Yang was an orphan and had no siblings, and that her elder brother Yang Cishan was also recognized later and had no blood relationship; Second, the existing inscriptions of Yang's calligraphy and painting, the font is the same, only a few changes in the early and late periods, and there is no sign of the hands of the two, and the seals of "Kunning Palace Hanmo", "Kun Hexagram" and "Kunning Palace" can be used by no one other than the queen; Third, in the fourth volume of the "Wu Rite Collection" of Yuan Wu Shidao, there is a poem note entitled "Autumn Moon Picture of the Immortal Altar", which has the following record: "Gong fan, Ma Yuan painting, Song Ningzong Empress Yang's inscription poem, self-proclaimed Yang Meizi".

Regardless of the academic debate, it is undeniable that Yang Meizi's calligraphy is unique. It is rumored that his calligraphy is similar to Ning Zong, and Jiang Shao of the Qing Dynasty commented on his calligraphy in "Yun Shi Zhai Pen Talk" as "wave skimming Xiuying, graceful state, reflecting drifting Xiang." "Sister Yang can poetry, good at calligraphy and painting, six poems and one word. The style of poetry is beautiful and elegant, and there are many poems on the picture scroll of Ma Yuan collected by the inner house of Ningzong, and its small regular poems, and the calligraphy is simple and beautiful, graceful and colorful. The style of painting is the style of the Southern Song Dynasty, inheriting the style of "Hanlin Pictures", with beautiful colors, concise painting methods, exquisite painting skills, and refined artistic conception. The scenery is painted by Ma Yuan, and the flowers are painted by Ma Lin.

Yang Meizi has profound calligraphy attainments, and her hand-me-down works are mainly inscriptions, which are mostly seen in various inscription poems. Pictorial poetry is a form of artistic creative expression, in which the painter himself or others inscribe poems in the blank space of Chinese paintings, expressing feelings, aria the artistic conception of the picture, or talking about artistic insights. Inscription poems originated in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, arose in the Tang and Song dynasties, and prevailed in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. During the Tang and Song dynasties, there were many women who were good at poetry, but it was very rare for women to inscribe poems on paintings, and Yang Meizi was the only woman in the Tang and Song dynasties who was famous for her inscription poems.

The existing calligraphy works of Yang Meizi's group fan are all his works of recreation during the festive season, and the elegance and freshness between the lines quietly come out, which has a unique charm. The style of the book is mainly in small letters, dignified and calm, rigorous in structure, light in ink, and thousands of manners, which has a unique artistic appreciation value.

A girl from a humble background but with a strong heart, and finally rose to a high position, wrote a warm sentence of "palace words" on soft silk, with a sloppy and charming and slightly clumsy pen, as if she had written her whole life. Yang Meizi is a famous talented woman in the Southern Song Dynasty and one of the few talented women in the ancient history of our country.

Broken intestine herb Zhu Shuzhen

Zhu Shuzhen, alias Zhu Shuzhen, Zhu Shuzhen, known as a secluded dweller, has different origins and life history, and is a native of Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), and the "Siku Quanshu" defines him as "a native of Haining, Zhejiang". His ancestral home is Shezhou, Anhui Province (now Shexian County, Anhui). She was alive in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty and is said to be Zhu Xi's niece.

Zhu Shuzhen was born in a family of eunuchs, and her father was an official in western Zhejiang, and her family was well-off, and she received a good education from a young age. Young Yinghui, broad-minded in scripture and history, good at writing and painting, proficient in music and rhythm, especially poetry. Known as a talented woman, she was an outstanding female lyricist second only to Li Qingzhao in the Song Dynasty, and was often compared with Li Qingzhao in later generations, and was also known as the "Red Poet."

In addition to the lyricist, Zhu Shuzhen is also a calligrapher and painter, the calligraphy is dignified and vigorous, subtle and introverted, beautiful and handsome, won Wang Xi's brushwork, his paintings are delicate, the layout is exquisite, and the style of painting is beautiful. Zhu Shuzhen's calligraphy and painting attainments are quite high, and she is especially good at depicting red plums and green bamboos. Du Qiong, a famous painter of the Ming Dynasty, once inscribed on Zhu Shuzhen's "Plum and Bamboo Picture": "Looking at his brushwork, the words are all clear and graceful......The best of the best, the best of the women. Shen Zhou, a great painter of the Ming Dynasty, said in "Shitian Collection: Zhu Shu Really Painted Bamboo": "The embroidery pavilion is newly written and broken, and Xiaoxiang is written in residual ink. From this, it can be seen that her ability is not comparable to that of an ordinary boudoir woman, who combines poetry, lyrics, calligraphy, and painting, and her works have a high artistic achievement.

Zhu Shuzhen once made a "circle word" to send her husband. There were no words on the letter, just circles and dots. The husband didn't understand what it meant, and saw the fly's head Xiaokai "Acacia Words" in the spine of the book, and had an epiphany and smiled: "Acacia wants to send it, but there is no way to send it, draw a circle for it." The words are outside the circle, but the heart is in the circle. The single lap is me, and the double lap is you. You have me in your heart, and I have you in my heart. If the moon is missing, it will be full, and when the moon is full, it will be missing. A full circle is a reunion, and a half circle is a parting. I am close to the circle, you must know my intentions secretly. There are countless lovesicknesses, and I go all the way to the end. Zhu Shuzhen's "circle words" vividly interpret her humorous and subtle humor.

Southern Song Dynasty Zhu Shuzhen "Su Ruolan Brocade Palindrome Xuanji Diagram Preface".

In the "Preface to the Poems of the Water Moon in the Hand", Zhu Shuzhen once expressed her goodness with the words "the ability of Hanmo articles is not the business of women and women, the love of sex, the love of love, and the self-singing". From this point of view, Zhu Shuzhen can be described as a model of ancient women's bold pursuit of self.

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