On January 31, 1949, the People's Liberation Army successfully took over Beiping, announcing the peaceful liberation of Beiping and the victorious end of the Pingjin Campaign. In the following period, ** wore many hats, including the commander of the North China Military Region, the mayor of Beiping City, and the deputy chief of general staff of the ** Military Commission.
Then, one day in 1950, ** returned to Beijing from Nanjing to work and temporarily lived in ***'s home. After learning about this, **hurriedly called*** and said: "You came to Beijing?"
Didn't surrender the gun? "What's going on here? Why would *** say this?
At the end of 1931, he was ordered to enter the Soviet area, and soon served as the deputy director of the General Political Department of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, leading the Red First Army together with him, and fighting in the south and north for four and a half years.
Under the leadership of the First Red Army, it became one of the main forces of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. At that time, the CCP temporarily adhered to the principle of "one province and several provinces won first", and decided to divide the main forces of the Red Army into the Central Route Army and the West Route Army, and respectively seized the major cities on both sides of the Ganjiang River.
However, ** and *** always adhered to the correct policy of "the development of the main forces of the Red Army to the weak areas of the Kuomintang", and put forward their own proposals to the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, which was finally approved.
Under the command of ***, the soldiers of the Red First Army and the Red Fifth Army led by *** launched the Battle of Zhangzhou and achieved a major victory. Zhangzhou was a wealthy city and a well-known hometown of overseas Chinese, so it was a test for the Red Army in terms of policy, discipline and other aspects.
During the period when the chairman and the troops were stationed in Zhangzhou, he resolutely implemented the urban policies and discipline formulated by the chairman himself, which not only expanded the political influence of the Red Army, but also improved the political construction of the troops.
In August, ** and ** led the soldiers to participate in the battles of Le'an and Yihuang, and the victories of the two battles allowed us to conquer three cities, which greatly shocked the enemies in Nanchang and Fuzhou.
In October, in order to carry out the Battle of Jianlitai, the 1st Red Army was ordered to advance towards Jianning. In November, the 1st Red Army Corps was again ordered to advance to Jinxi, which expanded the territory of the Soviet area by several hundred miles, and also connected the revolutionary base areas in northern and western Fujian, thus creating very favorable conditions for the subsequent anti-"encirclement and suppression" operations.
In January 1933, the 1st Red Army was ordered to attack the enemy forces attacking from Huwan. At the most critical moment of the battle, he took the lead and personally arrived at the front line to command the battle, which greatly boosted the morale of the soldiers.
After the battle, our army annihilated more than 2,000 enemy troops, captured a large number of ***, and was also commended by the general order of the ** Bureau of the Soviet District.
In February, ** and *** under the leadership of ***, commanded Red.
1. The Red Third Army Corps and the Red 21st Army were the left flanks, which fought in coordination with the Red Fifth Army Corps and the Red 22nd Army and participated in the Huangpi Campaign.
Before the war, ** organized troops to carry out battlefield mobilization to motivate everyone to go all out into battle. At the climax of the battle, **, despite the dissuasion of the chief of staff of the regiment, he personally led a company of special agents to charge into the enemy line.
After two days of fierce fighting, our army annihilated the strength of two enemy divisions and captured tens of thousands of people under Li Ming, commander of the enemy's 52nd Division, and Chen Shiji, commander of the 59th Division. This battle was the largest ambush and annihilation battle of a large corps in our army's anti-"encirclement and suppression" operation, and it can be called a model in the history of the Red Army's warfare.
After the battle of Caotaigang began, the enemy dropped a bomb near the corps command post, and both ** and *** were thrown down the hillside. Despite this, they were undaunted by the danger and continued to direct the battle after dusting off their bodies.
After the end of this battle, our army basically annihilated the 11th Division of the Kuomintang, which was known as "never defeated", severely damaged two divisions, and captured nearly 1,700 enemy soldiers.
** Summing up the reasons for the victory of the anti-encirclement and suppression: "Our army dared to lure the enemy into depth, concentrated superior forces, and took advantage of favorable terrain to annihilate the enemy army one by one in the movement. In September 1933, Chiang Kai-shek launched the fifth "encirclement and suppression".
Due to the erroneous policy of passive defense after adventurous attack, our army has become increasingly difficult in anti-encirclement and suppression operations, and has fallen into passivity. In February 1934, the proposal of ** and ** to "destroy the enemy army by means of movement warfare" was not adopted.
Mid-April, red.
1. Red. 3. The Red Ninth Army paid great sacrifices in the defense of Guangchang, but it still did not hold Guangchang. In September, ** and *** command red.
1. The Red Ninth Army annihilated more than 4,000 Kuomintang troops near Changting, Fujian, and won the only major victory in the fifth anti-encirclement and suppression.
In October 1934, the main force of the Red Army was strategically shifted and the Long March began. **and**command the soldiers of the Red First Regiment to shoulder the avant-garde task of covering the ** column and the column of the Military Commission and breaking through the enemy's army.
One, two, three blockades.
When breaking through the enemy's fourth blockade line, ** and ** command Red.
The 1st and 2nd Red Divisions stubbornly resisted the enemy at Jiaoshanfu, kept the right flank crossing point, and covered the crossing of the Xiangjiang River by the ** column, the column of the Military Commission, and some troops.
Battle of Xiangjiang: Life and death are here to fight! The Battle of Xiangjiang was the fiercest battle of the Red Army's Long March, and it was also a severe test that the Red First Army had never experienced.
At the critical moment of this battle, ** organized political workers to get out of the company and put forward the battle slogan: "Life and death are in this battle!" This move played a huge role in encouraging the courage of the commanders and fighters and ensuring victory in the battle.
** and *** successfully passed through the Yi nationality settlement area: In January 1935, ** participated in the Zunyi Conference, he resolutely supported ***'s correct proposition, and together with ***, he suggested that the Red Army cross the Yangtze River north, develop to Sichuan, and join the Red Fourth Front Army.
After the Zunyi Conference, ** and ** led the soldiers to cross the Chishui River four times, skillfully crossed the Jinsha River, and successfully got rid of the encirclement and interception of the enemy's heavy troops. In May, he served as the political commissar of the advance team of the Red Army, and led his troops forward together with the commander.
On the morning of May 20, the advance team led by ** and *** arrived in Lugu. There are two roads from Lugu to Dadu River: one passes through Dengxiangying, crosses west to Dashubao, and crosses the river from here; The other is to reach Anshun Field through Mianning and Daqiao, which is rugged and difficult to walk, and most importantly, it has to pass through the Yi ethnic settlement.
**After listening to the report of the reconnaissance team on the two marching roads, it became clear that it was Liu Wenhui's 24th Army that was deployed on the Dadu River. He analyzed: "The enemy may think that we will definitely choose the road from Xichang to Fulin, so Fulin is the focus of their defense.
If we really choose this route, we will fall into the trap of the enemy and it will be difficult to succeed. Therefore, can we consider changing the route and taking the path of Anshun Field?
But this road needs to pass through the Yi area of Daliang Mountain, and the Yi people are wary of the Han people, and if we do take this road, we need to do enough work to gain their trust. ”
**Agree with ***'s views and propose to use the party's ethnic policy to move them. They suggested that the Military Commission take a small road instead, and let Zuo Quan and Liu Yalou lead the 5th Regiment to pretend to move westward in order to confuse the enemy army.
**Agreed***'s idea, but unfortunately did not get in touch in time due to the fact that the Military Commission was on the march. Until noon the next day, when the troops were ready to leave, they still did not get in touch with the Military Commission.
Therefore, ** decided to contact the Central Revolutionary Military Commission after arriving in Mianning. At 9 p.m. on May 20, ** and *** led the soldiers of the 1st Regiment into Mianning.
On the morning of the next day, the staff officer reported to ***: "We have successfully made contact with the radio of the Military Commission, and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission completely agrees with you. ”
**He*** led the leading contingent to Ova Pass, and then went deep into the Yi settlement. The terrain here is more precipitous, and the roads are rugged, making it easy to defend and difficult to attack. In the morning, as soon as the avant-garde company of the advance team arrived at the lama's house, it was stopped by a group of Yi people.
Xiao Hua and Feng Wenbin led the avant-garde company to talk to them, and learned that they had to pay 200 silver dollars to pass. Feng Wenbin did not hesitate to take out 200 silver dollars and pay the toll.
Unexpectedly, just after walking far, another group of Yi people came to ask for money. At this time, a tall Yi man walked over. He claimed to be Xiao Ye Dan of the Gu Ji family and wanted to talk to their leader.
When Xiao Yedan saw that the man was burly, and there were a few soldiers behind him, he knew that this was the head of the Red Army unit. He hurried to prepare to prostrate. Seeing this, he strode forward to stop Xiao Ye Dan and did not let Xiao Ye Dan make this big gift.
The two sat down and talked. Xiao Yedan said: "I heard that you advocate the equality of Yi and Han, and you want to fight Liu Wenhui, I am willing to form a brother with a different surname with Commander Liu!" * said: "Those Han Chinese who oppressed the Yi people were also enemies of the Red Army.
We are united not just for anything, but only for the sake of opposing the common enemy! In this way, ** and Xiao Yedan became brothers with different surnames. With the help of Xiao Yedan, our soldiers successfully passed through the Yi nationality settlement, seized the Anshun field, forcibly crossed the Dadu River, and coordinated the Red Army on the west bank to seize the Luding Bridge.
**Say to ***: "Have you entered Beijing to surrender your gun?" * He was the commander of the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army, and as a senior general of the People's Army, during the Pingjin Campaign, he led his troops to accept the reorganization and devote himself to the construction of New China.
** Succeeded him and became the commander of the Pingjin Garrison, responsible for the reorganization and transformation of the rebel troops, the rectification of social order in the Pingjin area, and the preparation for the entry of *** into Beiping.
At the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, he fully supported the principles put forward by the Communist Party of China, actively promoted the reorganization of the troops, mobilized the masses, restored order and production in Pingjin and Tianjin, and made all preparations for Beiping, the capital of New China.
As a member of the CCP delegation, ** participated in the negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and conducted negotiations with Fu Zuoyi, Deng Baoshan and others on the peaceful liberation of Suiyuan. In September 1949, Dong Qiwu led his troops to revolt by telegram, and Suiyuan was peacefully liberated.
These works laid a solid foundation for the victory of the Liberation War.
On October 1, at the founding ceremony, the deputy chief of the general staff of the People's Liberation Army served as the commander-in-chief of the parade. He accompanied the commander-in-chief to inspect the troops of the army, navy and air force, and led 1640,000 officers and soldiers under review passed through the review stand and were inspected by party and state leaders.
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, he was the second secretary of the North China Bureau of the Communist Party of China, the commander of the North China Military Region of the People's Liberation Army, and the mayor of Beijing. He once said: "This is the busiest period of my life. ”
At the beginning of 1950, as the acting chief of the general staff of the Military Commission, he not only had to assist the Military Commission and the Military Commission to pay close attention to the later operations of the Liberation War, but also to start the construction of the new squadron.
With the advent of peace, under the leadership of ** and *** meticulous work, leading a large-scale army downsizing and reorganization, the total number of troops was reduced from 5.4 million to 4 million, and the task of demobilization of 1.4 million people was completed.
This is an unprecedented operation in the country, and ** has played a key role in this process.
One day in 1950, ** was ordered to return to Beijing from Nanjing. He has no place to live, and temporarily lives in the house of his friend ***. **I had already gone to work in the General Staff, and when I received** that my old friend had arrived, he humorously said: "You are here?
Did you surrender your gun? I am now the mayor of Beijing, and according to the regulations, you are not allowed to bring guns into Beijing! "After the outbreak of the Korean War, the General Staff led by ** became the focus of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.
The General Staff Headquarters often put forward operational opinions in light of the situation on both sides of the enemy, and reported them to the Central Military Commission and the General Staff Committee for great concern for the operational reports submitted by the General Staff Headquarters.
At the same time, ** also contributed to the logistics of going abroad to fight. The Northeast is the operation station and rear base of the Volunteer Army, and in order to ensure the logistics of the Volunteer Army soldiers, the General Staff and the General Logistics Department are required to go all out.
** In order to solve the problems of food and clothing for the troops to resist US aggression and aid Korea, and to deal with the enemy's wanton and indiscriminate bombing and road transportation difficulties, he offered suggestions and put forward many practical solutions.
Concerned about scientific research and technical personnel, he was designated in 1955 as a member of the three-person team to lead China's atomic bomb cause. Subsequently, he was awarded the rank of marshal, demonstrating his life's dedication.
Whether he is devoting himself to the cause of revolution or dedicating himself to the cause of science and technology, he adheres to his belief that as long as he is 90% sure, he should make up his mind to try.
He also stressed that we must be bold in science and not be afraid of failure, because failure is the mother of success, and as long as we keep going in the right direction, then we will definitely be able to succeed.
His spirit has always inspired us to pursue the truth of science.
On March 21, 1962, Dongfeng-2, the first medium and short-range missile developed by China, crashed after only 69 seconds of flight after ignition. When the news came, the technical team was in a heavy mood, and Zhang Aiping immediately criticized herself.
Although *** was also sad in his heart, he still comforted Zhang Aiping: "There is a possibility that the experiment will fail, we should continue to work hard, and we may succeed next time." ”
Although *** admonished Zhang Aiping like this, she was still worried. 10 days later, ** again said to the leaders of the five academies who came to report the work: "There will always be two results of success and failure in the experiment, failure is not terrible, sometimes failure is a good thing, it allows us to learn from it and improve our own level." ”
In the same year, Ren Xinmin was responsible for improving the engine of the short-range surface-to-surface missile imitation of the Soviet Union, and tested it many times, but unfortunately failed each time. Some people raised the results to a political level, and even reported Ren Xinmin's ideological problems to their superiors.
** To the leaders of the Fifth Academy, Ren Xinmin took the initiative to ask for a transfer to work in the early days of the establishment of the Fifth Academy, and he would rather sleep in a simple bed than live in a guest house for the sake of scientific research, he is a very good scientist, and we have no reason not to believe him.
In order to let Ren Xinmin not feel too much guilt, ** also asked the leaders of the Fifth Academy and Qian Xuesen to tell him: "In the most difficult time, success is often not far away." ”
Finally, ** also repeatedly instructed the leaders of the five academies not to pursue responsibility. Many years later, Ren Xinmin recalled his help and encouragement and was very moved. He said that Nie Shuai stood tall and saw far away, and his words made his heart warm and almost burst into tears.
Nie Shuai's words were a great encouragement to the scientific researchers, and they did not disappoint Nie Shuai's expectations, and later successfully developed and launched the first domestically produced short- and medium-range missile in a relatively short period of time.
In 1982, although he was no longer in charge of China's scientific and technological work, his heart was still concerned about the development of China's national defense science and technology. He will still spare no effort to contribute his strength and wisdom to the development of China's national defense science and technology.
When the report of the failure of the first launch of China's submarine-to-surface missile was sent to him, he asked the secretary to call the leaders of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense: Tell them that they must have the spirit of winning without being arrogant or discouraged, just like China's women's volleyball team competing for the championship.
The most important thing is to sum up the experience, better conduct technical inspections, find out the problems, and then continue to work hard. * This dialectical attitude towards science and the spirit of tolerance and encouragement for scientific researchers are undoubtedly a valuable spiritual wealth.
In addition to encouraging researchers, he is also very concerned about the health of researchers.
In the winter of 1958, when the land was covered with ice and snow, ** went to the Fifth Academy of Astronautics to visit scientific researchers. As soon as he arrived at the Fifth Academy, he immediately entered the temporary residence of the scientific research personnel, regardless of his fatigue.
The situation before him made his face solemn: the fire in the stove was faint, and the bed was cold. He was deeply saddened and said to the leaders of the Fifth Academy: "I am deeply saddened that as a servant, I have not been able to provide you with sufficient living security.
Our researchers gather here from all over the world to contribute to the aerospace industry of our motherland. However, they can only live in such tents, and I strongly disagree with this.
If someone gets injured because of the cold, I'll make them responsible for compensation. In order to ensure that the living environment of scientific research personnel is improved, Anton instructs, secretary general of the National Defense Science and Technology Commission, to go to the second branch of the five academies to check whether the hands of scientific research personnel are frostbitten one by one.
Although he was a marshal of the country, he always cared about the life and health of scientific researchers. This kind of care is not only admirable, but also touching.
In 1960, Zhou Guang was recalled to China to devote himself to the development of nuclear **, but the following year he was sent to a sanatorium for recuperation due to an asthma attack. When he heard the news, he immediately sent someone to send a basket of pears, although it was a trivial matter, but it made Zhou Guangzhao remember it.
What moved Zhou Guangzhao even more was that in 1967, when he went to the base to participate in the nuclear test, the first thing he said when he saw Zhou Guangzhao was: "Your asthma is much better, right?" ”
How can a marshal of the republic, who is still concerned about the health of ordinary scientific and technological personnel after seven years, not be touched?