In fact, there is no quiet time in life, but someone carries the weight for you.
In the course of the arduous and long struggle of the Communist Party of China, in addition to the open battlefield in which it fought face-to-face with the enemy, there was also a hidden front that played a major role in winning the victory of the revolution.
Therefore, during that period, a large number of unsung heroes appeared in our country, who fought against the enemy on the battlefield without gunpowder for the party and the people, and struggled between life and death with their blood and patriotism, without honor, without reward, and could not even say their names.
They are pervasive, ubiquitous, victorious and unexplained, and willing to take everything they know to the grave.
Their greatness may be displayed in a certain moment, through a certain intelligence, affecting a battle situation, or even rewriting a piece of history.
They are all ordinary people who shed blood, they all have seven emotions and six desires, and the difficulties they had in swimming in various whirlpools back then were unimaginable to us standing in the sun.
What is your first impression of red**? In Cao Ying, in Han? Most people simply know that our party will have intelligence figures lurking among the Kuomintang or Japanese invaders, such as Qian Zhuangfei and Yang Dengying.
But the person I want to talk about today, as a dark line of the Communist Party, but he has the five identities of the Communist Party of China, the Central Unification, the Military Unification, the Japanese Puppet, and the Qinghong Gang, and he has transmitted a lot of accurate strategic information for our party, and has made outstanding achievements, but then he was imprisoned for nearly 20 years, and almost had a nervous breakdown because of the complicated experience of the past.
He is Yuan Shu, a well-known covert front member of our party and known as the "Oriental Sorge".
Yuan Shu. Biography - Enthusiastic youth
Yuan Shu, formerly known as Yuan Xueyi, later assumed the pseudonym Zeng Dazhai, and has written works such as "Yuan Shu's Anthology".
There are many film and television works based on Yuan Shu, he is the prototype of Ming Lou in the TV series "The Pretender", and the prototype of Zhu Jinmo in the TV series "City of Memory", as well as the game that became popular among young people after its release a few years ago - the prototype of Xiao Tu in "The Guardian" is also him.
The Pretender" Ming Lou stills.
In April 1911, Yuan Xueyi was born in a declining official family in Qichun, Hubei.
His father, Yuan Xiaolan, was born in Xiucai and was good at calculation. When he was young, he was a member of the League and devoted almost all his family fortune to revolutionary activities.
Mother Jia Renhui was born in the family of the former Qing salt official Jujia, and after the decline of her husband's family, she took the brothers Xueyi and Xueli to her mother's house and lived by pawnbrokers.
After the death of Jia's parents, Jia Renhui took her two children to Shanghai to join her husband, and Yuan Xiaolan was holding an important position in the Kuomintang in Shanghai at that time, and she ignored Jia's mother and son because she lived with students.
Jia's mother and son had no choice but to teach people to read and write in Pudong, Shanghai, and their lives were miserable. Yuan Xueyi's childhood was very poor and hard, in order to live, he sold flatbread fritters on the street, and also polished shoes and tiger stoves.
In 1925, when the May Movement broke out, Yuan Xueyi, who was only 14 years old at the time, participated in strikes, market boycotts, and school boycotts, and changed his name to Yuan Shu.
Two years later, Yuan Shu joined the Northern Expeditionary Army and served as an instructor of the Political Department Company of the 18th Division of the Sixth Army of the National Revolutionary Army before joining the Kuomintang. However, after the April 12 counter-revolutionary coup, he was purged from the party, and he returned to Shanghai.
In October 1931, Yuan Shu, who was only 20 years old, joined the Communist Party of China through Pan Hannian's introduction, and immediately transferred to the special branch to participate in the work of the CCP's intelligence system. The task given to him by the boss is to find an opportunity to penetrate into the enemy's interior to collect intelligence, and to be a "white-skinned and red-hearted radish" type intelligence officer.
Pan Hannian. In 1933, Yuan Shu was appointed by Wu Xingya as the head of the intelligence unit of the "Cadre Society", and by virtue of Wu Xingya's connections, he also became a reporter of the Xinsheng News Agency.
As a journalist, Yuan Shu often attended press conferences at the Japanese Consulate in Shanghai, where he met the Consulate's Vice Consul, Eiichi Iwai. Iwai Eiichi intended to find a Chinese to do intelligence relations, and Yuan Shu's appearance was just right, and the two hit it off, and Yuan Shu successfully broke into the Japanese intelligence agency.
After getting the approval of the head of the underground party of the Chinese Communist Party, Yuan Shu became an intelligence officer on the Japanese side again, and at this time he was just 22 years old, and he already had a triple identity on the intelligence front.
At the same time, Yuan Shu also took advantage of his own advantages to unite a group of journalists to work for the cause of the CCP. The "Journalists' Forum" he held with Yun Yiqun and others, and the "China Young Journalists Association" initiated by Fan Changjiang and others had a great impact at that time.
2.Return to the party - "five-fold" spy
In 1935, the CCP's underground party organization in Shanghai was smashed, and Yuan Shu's CCP identity was exposed, so **.
During the interrogation, the Kuomintang agent asked Yuan Shu who was the woman who was always with him? Is it the Communist Party?
The person the spy asked was Wang Ying, a movie star at the time, and Yuan Shu were friends who had known each other for many years. But Yuan Shu did not know that Wang Ying had joined the Communist Party at the time, so he said her name.
Wang Ying. But in fact, Wang Ying has been suspected by the Kuomintang for a long time, but there is no evidence, so Yuan Shu's words caused Wang Ying to be arrested as well. Fortunately, neither of them confided in the key things, because they did not get anything valuable from their mouths, and because they were concerned about the special relationship between Yuan Shu and Wu Xingya, and at the same time they were afraid of offending the Japanese, the Kuomintang sentenced Yuan Shu to two years and six months through the court.
After being released from prison, Feng Xuefeng, on behalf of the organization, decided to send him to Japan and told him to return to China immediately if there was a major change in Sino-Japanese relations. Yuan Shu, accompanied by his wife Ma Jingxing, went to study at the Department of History of Waseda University in Japan for a year, while continuing to maintain relations with Iwai and receiving an intelligence allowance from the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
In April 1937, in order to strengthen their own protection and develop intelligence, Yuan Shu and the Qinghong Gang got into a relationship again, and became a "Tong" brother who could sit on an equal footing with Du Yuesheng and **Rong.
In the spring of 1937, Yuan Shu returned to Shanghai, when Pan Hannian was traveling between Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou, and Yuan Shu approached him when he was participating in the negotiations on the second KMT-CCP cooperation.
It turned out that Yuan Shu didn't know what kind of attitude the CCP had towards him at this time, what should he do, and how to do it? has become a problem, even though the color on his body is complicated, his heart is still a "red heart".
Therefore, he found an opportunity to hand Pan Hannian a confidential piece of information about the situation in various important cities in Japan, hoping to gain the understanding of the Chinese Communists and give him a new chance to work.
When Yuan Shu was still a hot-blooded young man, it was Pan Hannian who led him onto the revolutionary road, at this time his position was complicated, and he didn't know where to go, and it was still Pan Hannian, who used to be a teacher and friend, to ask.
He asked tentatively, "What will I do with my future work?" I am now in contact with Wu Xingya, the commander of the Central Committee of the People's Republic of China, and with the Japanese Consulate in Shanghai on the other. ”
Pan Hannian. With such an obvious intention as Yuan Shu, Pan Hannian could naturally understand it at a glance. At this time, the Sino-Japanese war was about to break out, and the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was the general trend, and it was very necessary to make good use of intelligence personnel like Yuan Shu.
Pan Hannian immediately welcomed Yuan Shu's continued cooperation with the CCP and instructed him: "You can continue to keep in touch with the military commander in the name of resisting Japan, or you can deal with the Japanese consulate." But you have to be prepared to withstand the misunderstanding and criticism of you from the outside world. ”
In this way, Yuan Shu resumed contact with the party organization. After Pan Hannian returned to Yan'an, he reported Yuan Shu's situation to the Ministry of Social Affairs of the Central Committee, and Kang Sheng also knew Yuan Shu during the ** Special Branch period. The Central Social Affairs Department soon reached a consensus that we could win over and make use of Yuan Shu's special relationship to establish our inner line in the enemy's stronghold.
In June 1937, Pan Hannian returned to Shanghai as the director of the Shanghai Office of the Eighth Route Army, and under the direction of Pan Hannian, Yuan Shu successfully staged a series of excellent intelligence warfare.
Since then, Yuan Shu has become an intelligence officer with a certain connection with Wu Xingya, the Japanese consulate in Shanghai, and social gangs, and has a variety of identities, skillfully using this multiple identity to open up information and report it to the CCP, providing a lot of valuable information for the CCP, which was located in the Soviet area at that time and was relatively closed to information.
Li. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Dai Li, the head of the secret service, wanted to find someone who was familiar with Japanese issues and had a relationship with the Japanese side. Du Yuesheng pointed him out, saying that the relationship between Japanese student Yuan Shu and Iwai Eiichi was very good, and Dai Li immediately came to visit Yuan Shu.
Regarding Dai Li's invitation, Yuan Shu felt that the matter was very important, and immediately went to consult Pan Hannian. After Pan Hannian thought about it, he thought that this was a good thing and asked Yuan Shu to agree to Dai Li's request.
With the organization's instructions, Yuan Shu settled down and became the head of the international intelligence group and the third station commander of the Shanghai District of the Military Command.
Dai Li had two requirements for Yuan Shu, one was to collect intelligence from the Japanese side, and the other was to insist on staying in Shanghai, no matter how the situation changed.
So far, Yuan Shu has the five identities of military commander, Zhongtong, Qinghong Gang, Japanese puppet, and CCP intelligence officer, and has become the only and most multifaceted spy in the history of Chinese intelligence.
Shadow Akira (Director of Shanghai Mei Agency).
With these several identities superimposed, Yuan Shu's network of connections became huge, and he began to obtain a large amount of Japanese intelligence. And through Iwai, he met the Japanese military officer Kagezo Zhenzhao, who later became a senior adviser to the Wang puppet regime.
3.In-depth – hard choices
After the outbreak of the all-out War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Yuan Shu first reported to Pan Hannian for the important Japanese intelligence he obtained, and then selectively reported to the military commanders - after all, it was a period of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and there were common national interests.
Yuan Shu, who can walk on a tightrope, is by no means greedy for life and afraid of death. During the Battle of Songhu in 1937, Yuan Shu disguised himself as a Japanese student, crossed the battle line, and went deep into the Japanese army position to reconnoitre, providing vital military intelligence and avoiding great losses for our party.
After the fall of Shanghai in 1937, Iwai Eiichi set up a Japanese secret service "Special Investigation Group" in Shanghai, and Yuan Shu naturally became one of them.
According to the organizational arrangement, Yuan Shu acted as a "traitor", broke into the Japanese spy agency, secretly set up a new intelligence base, and sent important strategic information to Yan'an.
Yuan Shu and Iwai take a group photo.
The important information that Yuan Shu obtained from the "Iwai Agency" was:
In 1939, Britain and France attempted to sacrifice the Munich activities in the Far East where China compromised with Japan.
On June 13, 1941, the report of the imminent outbreak of the Soviet-German war, for which the CPSU ** expressed its gratitude to the CCP**.
After the outbreak of the German-Soviet War, Japan's movement was to move south to the north, as well as information on negotiations between Japan and the United States.
At that time, Yuan Shu not only collected intelligence, but also took on the task of rescuing captured CCP figures. In July 1941, he was ordered by Wang Pseudo** to go to Suzhou to prepare for the establishment of the "Qingxiang Political Work Group", and took advantage of the loopholes in the regulations to rescue many anti-Japanese personnel, such as Lu Xun's wife Xu Guangping, and also personally covered Pan Hannian, Fan Changjiang, Zou Taofen and others to enter the base area.
After Yuan Shu returned to Shanghai, he carried out the mission of the military commander to assassinate Li Shiqun, but he did not expect that someone within the military command would mutiniate and betray him. Yuan Shu's plan was revealed**, and it was Iwai Eiichi who saved him.
But Iwai asked Yuan Shu to publicly publish an article on Sino-Japanese relations, that is, to ask him to openly act as a traitor.
If he agrees, the road to correcting his name will be very difficult, but if he does not agree, he will no longer be able to continue to serve the party and the people, and his efforts from the beginning to the end will be in vain.
Yuan Shu. Fortunately, Pan Hannian's reappearance showed him the way. Pan Hannian suggested that Yuan Shu should follow Iwai's arrangement, so that he could use this as a cover to better carry out intelligence work, as long as he was really in Cao Ying's heart in Han, the party and the people would always understand in the future.
With the approval of the party, Yuan Shu wrote and published an article for Iwai entitled "On the Founding of the Nation" and proposed to Iwai to establish the headquarters of the "Xingya Founding Movement", which was established in the Iwai Mansion in November 1939.
In addition to covering a radio station, Yuan Shu Pan Hannian established such an organization in the name of Iwai, and more importantly, it was out of consideration for the overall situation of the international anti-fascist war.
Under the attack of the Japanese puppets and diehards, the task of working on the hidden front has also become more arduous, and it is necessary to penetrate deep into the enemy's interior in a more flexible way.
Prior to this, Pan Hannian had sent Guan Lu to No. 76. There are many *** people like Yuan Shu and Guan Lu in the dark, although Yan'an is far away from the intelligence center Shanghai, it has also mastered a lot of important information in time, laying the foundation for future operations.
Guan Lu. At the beginning of 1942, arranged by the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Chen Fumu and Yuan Shu were invited to visit Japan as representatives of the "Construction Movement".
The head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Kichizaburo Nomura, was the protagonist in organizing the visit. Kichizaburo revealed to Chen and Yuan that the current national policy is to prepare to lure Chiang Kai-shek to surrender and establish a Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere with Japan as the main body, and the Japanese army has determined the strategic plan for advancing southward.
This news shocked Yuan Shu, which represented that the Japanese army's southward advance was a definite decision, and Pan Hannian immediately informed Yan'an.
From 1939 to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Yuan Shu never had any accidents, which is undoubtedly inseparable from his resourcefulness and outstanding activities. In the middle of this, he has made countless contributions: timely provided *** with personnel changes within the Japanese pseudo-Japanese pseudo; the deployment of the Japanese army in southern Jiangsu and the operation of clearing the countryside; establish secret communication routes to the base areas; To rescue the captured Chinese people, due to the timely intelligence, Su Yu's troops quickly jumped out of the ...... of the "fence wall" surrounded by the Japanese and the puppeteers
At the beginning of 1945, Yuan Shu resigned from the puppet ** position, and after the victory of the "August 15" War of Resistance against Japan, he was appointed as the commander of the fifth column of the new special unit of the Loyal Salvation Army and the commander of the third station directly under the military command, and was awarded the rank of lieutenant general.
Zeng Shan. After the "Double Ten" agreement, Yuan Shu withdrew north with the army. Comrade Zeng Shan, head of the East China Organization Department, personally talked to Yuan Shu, and considering various relationships, asked Yuan Shu to temporarily change his name and take his surname - which also proved to be the meaning of the organization.
4.Later years - I am Yuan Shu
In 1949, Yuan Shu went to Beijing and transferred to Li Kenong's intelligence department to do research on the movements of Japan and the United States. In 1955, Yuan Shu went to the Beijing Hotel to visit Pan Hannian, and Pan Hannian said sadly: "Most of those who engage in intelligence work will not end well, and Chinese and foreign counterparts are the same." ”
A few days after the "Pan Hannian Incident", Yuan Shu also died, and since then he began his 20-year detention life, until the expiration of the term in 1975, he was still sent to another ** farm for "employment".
Yuan Shu did not know at that time that his wife Ma Jingxing attempted suicide by overdose of sleeping pills in 1968 due to intimidation, and then ran away from home, and her whereabouts have been unknown since then, and it is very likely that she is no longer alive.
Yuan Shu once sighed: "Decades have passed, and everyone has had an unspeakable spring and autumn, but today, everyone no longer bothers to talk about those bumpy old things." ”
Yuan Shu. In 1980, Yuan Shu was released, but he was still free and his movement was restricted. On August 2, 1982, Pan Hannian was rehabilitated, and on September 6, Yuan Shu was also acquitted.
Since then, the elderly Yuan Shu has returned to Pan Hannian's hometown to mourn his deceased friend and reminisce with the deceased about the past eventful years.
Yuan Shu did not like Guan Lu, who was mentally ** many times, and finally committed suicide. While in prison, he read through "Capital", Marxist-Leninist works, and "* Selected Works", translated a large number of Japanese books, wrote a historical biography "The Great Hooligan Du Yuesheng", and still paid attention to the party's intelligence cause, writing nearly 80,000 words of "Miscellaneous Notes on the South Window" to summarize his intelligence work experience behind enemy lines. Until 1982, after his rehabilitation, he wrote a lot of articles. He left nearly 10 million words in his lifetime.
He was the first person in China to put forward the concept of "reportage" and the first to study reportage. If Yuan Shu does not "change careers", he should not be weaker than being there.
A famous writer who came out of the mountains together in the twenties and thirties.
Once because of the needs of intelligence work, Yuan Shu changed his name and surname many times"Yuan Shu. "The name slowly fell silent. After all the dust settled, he specially applied for the restoration of his original name - Yuan Shu.
Yuan Shu. Yuan Shu said that everything has become history, looking at his own history"Yuan Shu. "There's nothing unsavory about the name. Until his death, every time he knew one more person, Yuan Shu would show him his rehabilitation documents.
We can't really understand how important that thin document really is to him, but this document was returned to Yuan Shu"Innocence"It also represents the country's affirmation of him, and his life's struggle and dedication have been recognized through it.
Yuan Shu's path in this life is more complex than ordinary people imagine, and in his later years, he often broke down and cried because he remembered the past, but in his later years, it is really difficult for anyone to do better than Yuan Shu back then.
During the chaotic period of the Anti-Japanese War, we no longer know what kind of choices he faced and how many entanglements he had in his heart. He carried infamy, passed on important information, and made contributions to the party and the people. After being unjustly imprisoned, he was imprisoned for 20 years, but no matter how much he was misunderstood and spurned, he did not give up on himself, he still insisted on writing, with a lofty belief in his heart, and did not regret this life.
On November 26, 1987, Yuan Shu, a generation of intelligence kings, died of illness in Beijing at the age of 76.