1. Overview
Sugarcane is a cash crop in tropical and **zone regions, with high sugar content and nutritional value. Globally, sugarcane is cultivated in considerable acreage and production. Sugarcane is also one of the main sugars** in southern China. This article will introduce the methods and techniques of sugarcane cultivation in detail to help readers understand the cultivation process of this crop.
Second, the selection of varieties
Before planting sugarcane, the first step is to choose high-yielding, high-quality varieties that are suitable for the local climate, soil and market demand. In the southern region of China, common sugarcane varieties include "early spring sugarcane", "late spring sugarcane", "summer sugarcane" and "autumn and winter sugarcane". When selecting varieties, varieties with fast growth rate, high sugar content, and strong resistance to diseases and pests should be selected according to local natural conditions and market demand.
3. Preparation before planting
1.Land selection: Choose land with flat terrain, fertile soil, and good drainage for planting. At the same time, it is important to avoid growing sugarcane in places where the soil is heavy in clay, poorly aerated or where the water table is too high.
2.Land preparation: Before planting, the land should be deeply cultivated to remove weeds and stones from the soil. Special attention should be paid to the aeration and drainage of the soil during land preparation to ensure a good growth environment for sugarcane.
3.Fertilization: When preparing the land, it is necessary to apply sufficient basal fertilizer. The base fertilizer should be mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer. According to the soil fertility status, the amount and ratio of fertilizer can be adjusted appropriately to meet the nutrients required for sugarcane growth.
Fourth, planting technology
1.Sowing: The timing of sugarcane planting should be determined according to the local climatic conditions. In southern China, spring sowing is generally the main time, from February to April. Before sowing, sugarcane seedlings should be soaked in disinfectant for disinfection to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. When sowing, the seedlings should be inserted into the soil according to a certain row spacing and plant spacing, and the depth is generally 5-10 cm. After inserting the seedlings, the soil should be compacted to maintain soil moisture and prevent the wind from blowing the seedlings.
2.Planting density: The planting density of sugarcane should be determined based on factors such as variety, soil fertility, and climatic conditions. Generally speaking, about 5,000-8,000 sugarcane seedlings can be planted per mu of land. When determining the planting density, the growth rate of sugarcane and the utilization rate of land should be considered to ensure the growth space and yield of sugarcane.
3.Field management: In the process of sugarcane growth, reasonable field management should be carried out to ensure the healthy growth and high yield of sugarcane. Field management mainly includes weeding, fertilization, irrigation and pest control. Weeding is generally carried out by chemical herbicides or manual weeding to reduce the impact of weeds on sugarcane growth. Fertilization should be determined according to the growth of sugarcane and the status of soil nutrients to meet the nutrients required for sugarcane growth. Irrigation should be determined according to soil moisture and weather conditions to keep the soil moist and prevent water accumulation. Pest control should take timely measures to prevent and control according to the occurrence of pests and diseases to ensure that the growth of sugarcane is not affected.
4.Harvesting and storage: The harvesting time of sugarcane should be determined according to the variety and climatic conditions. In general, it is best to harvest the cane when it is growing to maturity. Harvest should be done in sunny weather to reduce the spread of germs and pests. Sugarcane should be cleaned and processed in a timely manner after harvest to maintain its quality and taste. When storing, choose a dry and well-ventilated place for storage, and regularly inspect and deal with diseases, insect pests and other problems to ensure the quality and safety of sugarcane.
Fifth, technical points
1.Seed selection should be selected to ensure yield and quality;
2.Soil preparation should be cultivated carefully to ensure that the soil has good aeration and drainage;
3.Fertilization should be done with sufficient basal fertilizer and appropriate top dressing to meet the nutrients required for sugarcane growth;
4.Sowing should be sown in a timely manner and planted reasonably densely;
5.Field management should include regular weeding, fertilization, irrigation and pest control;
6.Harvest should be cleaned and processed in a timely manner.