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Cardiovascular diseases, especially myocardial infarction (myocardial infarction), have become one of the major diseases that threaten human health. One of the most important factors in myocardial infarction is the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Today, let's demystify plaque formation and trigger a heart attack and gain insight into the process.
Mechanism of plaque formation.
Disorders of lipid metabolism.
Disorders of lipid metabolism are the cornerstone of plaque formation. Under normal conditions, vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells can absorb cholesterol and other lipids from the blood. However, when cholesterol levels in the blood are too high, these substances accumulate on the walls of blood vessels, forming so-called "foam cells". As the number of foam cells increases, the walls of the blood vessels gradually become rough and blood flow is blocked.
Involvement of the inflammatory response.
The accumulation of cholesterol triggers an inflammatory response. Inflammatory cells, such as macrophages and T cells, are attracted to the affected area. These inflammatory cells release various chemicals, such as cytokines and growth factors, which further promote the formation of foam cells and the thickening of blood vessel walls. Over time, these changes lead to the formation of atherosclerosis.
Formation of blood clots.
Blood clots may form on the surface of atherosclerotic plaques. Blood clots are formed by the accumulation of substances such as platelets and fibrin on the walls of damaged blood vessels. The formation of blood clots can further block blood vessels, reducing the ability of blood to flow to the heart, increasing the risk of heart attack.
Dangers of plaque rupture.
Plaque rupture is a direct trigger for a myocardial infarction. When the structure of the plaque becomes unstable and ruptures under the action of blood pressure, the clotting factors in the blood are activated, and a thrombus quickly forms. This blood clot not only blocks the blood vessels, but also causes complete occlusion of the blood vessels, leaving the heart tissue without enough blood**, which can lead to myocardial infarction.
Clinical manifestations of myocardial infarction.
Typical symptoms of myocardial infarction include chest pain, difficulty breathing, sweating, nausea, and vomiting. These symptoms may last from minutes to hours and may be accompanied by sweating, anxiety, and feelings of fear. In severe cases, a heart attack can lead to heart failure, arrhythmias, and even sudden death.
Measures to prevent myocardial infarction.
Control cholesterol levels.
Controlling blood cholesterol levels through a healthy diet, exercise, and medications if necessary is key to preventing a heart attack. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is known as "good cholesterol" and can be raised by exercising and eating foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids.
Anti-inflammatory diet and lifestyle.
Adopting an anti-inflammatory diet, such as rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids, can reduce inflammation. In addition, quitting smoking, limiting alcohol consumption, maintaining an appropriate weight, and exercising regularly are also essential to prevent heart attack.
Regular medical check-ups. Regular cardiovascular health check-ups, including measurements of blood pressure, blood sugar and cholesterol levels, can help identify risk factors for cardiovascular disease early.
Epilogue. Myocardial infarction is a complex disease process, and plaque formation and rupture are central to it. By understanding this process, we can better take preventive measures to reduce the risk of heart attack. A healthy lifestyle and timely medical intervention are key to maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing myocardial infarction. Let's work together to protect our cardiovascular health and that of our families.
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