In 1950, China was reborn after suffering hardships. At this time, China was in urgent need of development, and the first general devoted himself to the construction of the great northwest. However, with the drastic changes in the international situation, ** was forced to embark on the battlefield full of flames, and his military career thus added a brilliant chapter.
On June 25, 1950, a civil war broke out in Korea, and the United States gathered many Western countries to intervene in armed forces, threatening the security of China's northeast. At the beginning of October, the U.S. ** team crossed the 38th parallel and advanced to the Sino-North Korean border by multiple routes, in an attempt to spread the flames of war to northeast China.
At the request of the DPRK, the Politburo of the Communist Party of China (CPC) held successive meetings to discuss whether to send troops to aid the DPRK. **Flew from Xi'an to Beijing, and participated in the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China under the arrangement of ***.
** Sit down, and after listening to the speeches of several comrades, I realized that everyone has different views on whether to send troops to aid the DPRK. ** said: "You have a reason for what you say, but others are in a critical moment for the country, and we stand by and watch, no matter what we say, our hearts are sad." ”
** Didn't speak because I had just arrived. On the morning of October 5, ** was taken to the office of Zhongnanhai ***, and the two had a conversation. ** said: "I thought about it repeatedly last night and agreed with your decision to send troops to aid the DPRK. ”
Regarding the question of putting him in charge, ** made it clear: "I obey the decision of **." * said happily, "I'm relieved." Now that the US military has diverted its route and is rushing north to the 38th parallel, we must dispatch troops as soon as possible to gain the initiative.
The Politburo will continue to meet this afternoon, and I would like to ask you to present your views. In the afternoon, the enlarged meeting of the ** Politburo continued to be held in the Yi Nian Hall in Zhongnanhai. ** The attitude is clear: "It is necessary to send troops to North Korea."
If it is broken, it is equivalent to a few years of late victory in the Liberation War. However, if the US military is allowed to place itself on the banks of the Yalu River and Taiwan, it will be able to find an excuse at any time if it wants to launch a war of aggression.
If the United States is allowed to occupy the Korean Peninsula, the future problems will be more complicated, so it is better to fight later than sooner. *'s speech inspired and educated. At the end of the meeting, the decision to send troops to aid the DPRK was made prudently.
**and*** originally planned to let ** be in command to fight in North Korea. However, under the pretext of illness, Lin asked to go to the Soviet Union for medical treatment. ** is diametrically opposed to the attitude of **, gladly accepting the trust of the people.
He said: How can you shirk the blame when you are in danger. From the perspective of patriotism and internationalism, I can't say a single word "no".
On October 8, ** issued the "Order on the Formation of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army", officially appointing *** as the commander and political commissar of the Chinese People's Volunteers. At the same time, ** has notified the DPRK and the Soviet Union of the dispatch of troops, and invited the DPRK to send special personnel to Shenyang to discuss relevant specific matters.
** Shouldering responsibility, he was ordered to go to Shenyang by plane on the same day to fight with Gao Gang and Deng Hua and other urgently deployed volunteers to go abroad. On 9 and 14 October, he presided over two mobilization meetings for cadres at and above the army level and at and above the division level, emphasizing the determination and preparation of the volunteers.
On October 18, he presided over a meeting to listen to the report on the preparations of the Volunteer Army before the dispatch, and finally decided that the Volunteer Army would enter the Korean War on October 19.
In the afternoon of the same day, ** took a special plane escorted by four fighters from Shenyang to Andong, crossed the Yalu River ahead of the various units of the Chinese People's Volunteers that night, and began to strategize and organize and command how to win the victory in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.
Before the entry of the Volunteer Army into Korea and at the beginning of the war in Korea, it was expected that it would take some time for the enemy to advance northward. The Military Commission and the Military Commission formulated a policy for the war route, that is, the Volunteer Army waited for the arrival of the Soviet Union in the appropriate area, equipped our army, and then cooperated with the Korean comrades to annihilate the American invading army.
However, the change in the enemy situation exceeded expectations, and the enemy army adopted the strategy of quick battle and quick victory, and frantically advanced towards the Sino-Korean border in multiple directions. The Volunteers did not have time to organize a defense in the predetermined area, and the enemy did not find out that the Volunteers had crossed the river.
Therefore, it was decided to adjust the strategy and change the original positional defense to a focus on movement warfare. He formulated a campaign policy, and under the instructions of the Emperor, he worked out a correct combat policy and campaign plan with Deng Hua and others, and adopted a series of emergency combat measures.
This allowed the Volunteer Army to win several battles during the period of movement warfare, which made a positive change in the course of the war. The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was divided into two phases: the period of movement warfare and the period of positional warfare, and the five campaigns during the period of movement warfare were all carried out in the form of mainly movement warfare and the coordination of positional warfare and guerrilla warfare.
The victories in these five battles were great, with a total of 230,000 enemies annihilated, and our side **18720,000, the ratio of friend to foe is 1:081, and finally stabilized the front near the 38th parallel, laying the foundation for victory in the Korean War.
** Achieved remarkable victories in five battles with superb command skills. His tactics were flexible, he concentrated his forces, created advantages, and won the war.
In the first battle, he accurately ** the enemy's movements, deployed forces, and successfully stopped the enemy's offensive. In the second battle, he even proposed to send the 9th Corps to the northeast area of Sinuiju to assemble covertly and prepare for a "joint **" reoffensive, thus turning the tide of the war.
In the third battle, he once again demonstrated his command skills, successfully breaking through the enemy's 38th parallel position and capturing Seoul. His tactics and command art were the key to victory in the early days of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.
2) Lure the enemy deep and become famous in the first battle. After the first battle, he judged the situation and put forward a strategic policy of luring the enemy into depth, and successfully carried out a campaign counterattack on the Western Front, smashing the enemy's deployment.
** once brilliantly elaborated: "Luring the enemy deep is an internal line war, we must concentrate superior forces, divide and encircle, and annihilate the enemy one by one; However, it is also possible to take advantage of the enemy's unstable foothold on the outside line, preset ambushes, pursuits, and encirclement points to send reinforcements, so as to destroy the enemy in the movement. ”
He believed that although MacArthur was hit by the first battle, the main force of the US army was not damaged, and the situation of our troops' strength and equipment was not clear, and he would definitely attack the Yalu River in a big way.
Although our army has superior strength, its equipment is backward, and if it collides with the enemy to the death, it will certainly suffer losses. Therefore, we need to avoid its sharp spirit first, deliberately show weakness, and retreat while fighting, so as to confuse the enemy and lure him to go deeper.
On the banks of the Cheongcheon River, we want to catch big fish! Sure enough, on November 24, the "United **" launched a "general offensive" in an attempt to end the war by Christmas. * Order all units to take the initiative to retreat, maintain contact with the enemy with a small force, control the main force in the east and west areas of Beizhen, and take advantage of the favorable terrain to build counterattack positions in concealment.
When the troops retreated, they also deliberately discarded some guns, bullets, and clothing along the way, pretending to be in a state of collapse. After luring the enemy to the predetermined battlefield, we launched fierce counterattacks on the western and eastern fronts on November 25 and 27, inflicting heavy losses on the enemy, and recaptured Pyongyang on December 5.
Lure the enemy deep and become famous in one battle!
** Always emphasize the implementation of roundabout encirclement and interspersed segmentation in campaign deployment to cut off the enemy's retreat. He believed that this was the most effective method of warfare to annihilate the enemy.
In the first battle, due to the slow movement of the 38th Army, it was unable to reach the designated place on time, resulting in the 1st US Cavalry Division and the British Commonwealth Division escaping. In this regard, ** was severely criticized.
In the second campaign, the 38th Army was again ordered to take on the task of a detour of the campaign and instructed them to quickly cut off the enemy's retreat. The 38th Army performed its mission very well this time, successfully blocked the enemy's retreat, and persisted in fighting for more than 50 hours, effectively cooperating with the frontal attack.
For this reason, ** issued a commendation order, personally writing "Long live the Chinese People's Volunteers!" Long live the 38th Army! ”
Close combat and night fighting, and the quick victory to annihilate the enemy, is our army's method of transmission, and is an important means for our army to defeat the enemy. ** It has been emphasized that only when there is a huge disparity in equipment between the enemy and us, can our army take advantage of the advantages of night battles and boldly outflank and intersperse operations, so as to effectively annihilate the enemy.
Through practice, we have found that close combat and night combat can not only reduce the threat of the enemy's air force and artillery to our army, but also enhance the suddenness of our army's campaign battles.
** Summing up the experience of the first battle, it is believed that as long as the night is fully utilized, and a bold roundabout encirclement and interspersed operations are carried out, our army can completely annihilate the enemy.
He also stressed that as long as we dare to engage in close combat, advance in a roundabout way, and dare to confront the enemy's aircraft, tanks, and artillery with all kinds of light weapons, our army will certainly be able to achieve victory.
In the five battles, the volunteers gave full play to their specialties in close combat and night fighting, and used grenades and bayonets to melee with the enemy's hand-handed soldiers, successfully striking at the enemy and winning the battle.
** It is believed that this style of play is the correct tactical policy for our army to achieve victory. Although night fighting is extremely important in the battles of our army, we cannot rely on it absolutely.
Under certain conditions, it is also necessary to fight during the day. ** It has been pointed out that if it is under the conditions of penetrating into the depth of the enemy and pursuing and defeating the enemy, it is even more possible and necessary to fight during the day.
Because in this case, the threat to me from enemy aircraft has been significantly reduced. For example, in the third campaign, many units persisted in daytime operations and achieved significant results.
1.Take turns to block and gain time: the volunteers stop attacking and turn to rest. Beginning on January 25, the enemy resumed the offensive, and ** ordered all units to stop resting and recuperate, and all went to defensive operations.
** Adopt the policy of "putting the west on top of the east", deploy the defense of the western front, and counterattack on the eastern front in order to break the enemy's offensive. After hard fighting, the troops on the eastern and western fronts delayed the offensive of the US troops, and after two months, the follow-up troops rushed to the front line, new recruits were replenished to the troops, and combat materials were accumulated.
2.Actively defend in motion, exchanging space for time: The Volunteers and the People's Army have switched to movement defense on all fronts, using means such as blocking and counterattacking, ambushing, and assault to resist the enemy's offensive step by step, and exchange space for time.
** said: "Militarily, it is difficult to prove that our army is holding on to the defense against the enemy with modern equipment, and an active movement defense is necessary. ” 3.Key fortification, echelon allocation: ** order all troops: "It is necessary to adopt key fortifications on a wide front, echelon configuration, and rely on each defensive position to block and kill the enemy according to the predetermined plan, so that the enemy must pay a great price for every kilometer of advance." ”
** Outstanding performance in five battles, fully demonstrating his military talent and strategic vision. He was able to accurately grasp the overall situation of the war, gain an in-depth understanding of the strength and characteristics of both the enemy and us, adopt flexible and changeable tactics, overcome equipment inferiority, and successfully grasp the initiative in the war.
Stalin once spoke highly of him: "* is an outstanding military strategist of our time, who defeated the mighty US imperialism with inferior equipment." "Salute to the great proletarian revolutionaries and military strategists!