The ancient tomb of Mongolian descendants, integrating Mongolian and Han styles
No one could have imagined that the villagers of the Luoheng Village Group of the Shizhou Village Committee of Chencun Town, Shunde City, who planted flowers every day, actually had a connection with Genghis Khan, the famous "generation of Tianjiao" in history.
It is said that the thousands of villagers in Luoheng are Mongolians and are descendants of Genghis Khan's fourth son, Tuolei, which is really amazing.
The old man of Luoheng Village said: "The surname Yun is a unique surname of our village, and everyone in the village has the surname Yun except for the foreign daughter-in-law. "The surname Yun is a symbol of the Mongolian ethnic group, although the population of the Chinese nation is small, but it has a deep cultural heritage.
According to the spectrum, the first ancestor Yunhai surnamed Yun lived in Longxi County, Gongchang Prefecture, Shaanxi Province with his ancestors, and was a Jinshi of the Song Dynasty, and the second Zu Yun Conglong was also a Jinshi at the end of the Song Dynasty.
He once served as a procurator in Guangdong Province and a Xuanfu envoy in Guangdong, and his political achievements were brilliant in southern Xinjiang, and he was posthumously awarded the title of Zhengyi official by the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, and was buried in Baiyun Mountain, Guangzhou City.
Every year, the descendants of the Yun family will go to Baiyun Mountain to worship the second ancestor. The Yunconglong Tomb on Baiyun Mountain is the only ancient tomb of the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty that has been preserved in Guangdong, and it is now a key cultural relics protection unit in Guangzhou.
According to Huang Miaozhang, a member of the Guangzhou CPPCC, deputy director of the CPPCC Study, Culture and History Committee, and a well-known cultural expert, Yun Conglong should have no objection to being a Mongolian. So, when and why did the descendants of the Yun family from Luoheng Village come to Shunde?
It may be the early Ming Dynasty, because after the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, the ancestor of the Yun family, Pugong, took refuge in order to escape, took refuge everywhere, and came to Chen Village, Shunde, the earliest foothold was in a village called Wenhai, and only went to Luoheng Kaiji during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty.
As Mongolians, the ancestors were deeply discriminated against throughout the Ming Dynasty, so they were very low-key and humble, and their living habits were all striving to be sinicized, so as not to cause unnecessary trouble.
Especially during the Cultural Revolution, genealogies and representative cultural relics were destroyed or lost, and no one believed that they were Mongolians, so the young people of the village and the outside world did not know that there was a "Mongolian village" here.
Yun Hai and Yun Conglong, who entered Qiong at the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, are the recognized ancestors of the Yun clan in Hainan and Guangdong. However, the "Genealogy of the Yun Clan", which began to be compiled in the early years of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, did not trace back to the ancestors of Yunhai, and even his father's name was not known, leaving a suspense about the origin of this clan.
In recent years, some Yun clan relatives have put forward the view that Yunhai may be a descendant of Genghis Khan's fifth son, Tuolei, through studying historical materials and going to Inner Mongolia to find their roots, but is this statement true?
From ancient times to the present, migration has been an eternal theme for people. Each dynasty and ethnic group is migrating at different speeds and scales, although for different reasons. Yun Tianming, the manager of the "Yun Clan Hall" on Daxing Street in Haikou, once wrote to an elder overseas, writing his surname as "Yun" in simplified Chinese, and was reproached by the other party, saying that it should be written as "Yun" with the prefix of rain, rather than "Yun" with the word "cloud".
According to the records of the "Genealogy of Ten Thousand Surnames", the surname "Yun" should be written as the prefix of rain, and the words "Yun" and "Yun" are recorded in the "Genealogy of Ten Thousand Surnames" compiled by Ling Dizhi during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty.
Hainan Yun's ** is more complicated, which branch of Yunhai is it? Yunhai's first genealogy was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty in 1405 by his twentieth grandson, Jinshi Yun Maoqi, and the records of the ancestors were not clear until then.
Yun Zizhen believes that due to the war, the genealogy of the ancestors has been lost, so when compiling the genealogy, only the ancestors of Yunhai, who moved to Hainan, can be recorded. Yun Conglong is the son of Yun Hai, who parted ways with his younger brothers at the end of the Yuan Dynasty because of the change of regime.
Today, Yunhai's descendants have multiplied to 28 generations, distributed in more than 140 villages, with a population of about 40,000, most of whom live in Wenchang, and some have migrated to the United States, Canada, Australia, Japan and other places.
However, there is no evidence so far that Yunhai has any relationship with Genghis Khan. In the 80s of the 20th century, experts and scholars from the Guangdong University for Nationalities conducted a study of the origin of the people, and proposed that Yun Conglong was a Mongolian, the fifth son of Tuolei, and was related to Kublai Khan.
However, this view has not been unanimously recognized by the Yun clan, because of the lack of conclusive historical evidence, which makes this argument more like a romance. In the autumn of 1995, a delegation of Yun clan relatives from Thailand, Hong Kong and Guangzhou traveled to Inner Mongolia to seek their roots.
Some people believe that the Hainan Yun clan and the Inner Mongolia Tumut Department Yun surname have the same ancestry. Regarding the identity of the Yun family, the current general view is that Yun Hai had a close relationship with the royal family of the Yuan Dynasty and was a royal descendant, but this view is also controversial.
However, Yun Hai may have been the son of Torre, the brother of Kublai Khan, but the relationship between his identity and Yun Conglong's prominent political status remains to be further studied.
Mrs. Gou's ancient tomb inherits Sima Qian's tomb shape system, but it is more exquisite. This cemetery expresses a strong sense of family and country, reflecting the multicultural background of the Yuan Dynasty's court officials.
The inscriptions in the tomb condense the wisdom of governing the country and have a profound impact on future generations. However, there are few historical records of Mrs. Gou's life and family history, and only from the grave of her excellent son, Yun Conglong, we can see a trace of her.
Mrs. Gou's grave embodies Yun Conglong's praise for his mother, such as the carving of the peach on the tomb, which is full of deep meaning. It is a valuable asset worth studying for family history and migration history.
And its preservation is inseparable from the efforts and appeals of the descendants of the Yun family at home and abroad. The cemetery was once at risk of being destroyed and a brick factory, but in the end it was valued and protected.
At the end of March every year, the descendants of the Yun clan from overseas will come here thousands of miles to worship their ancestors.
The Tomb of Mrs. Gou, a unique tomb of the Yuan Dynasty that integrates Mongolian and Han cultures, is known as the only tomb of Mrs. Zhengyipin with the highest specifications, the most Mongolian tomb characteristics and the most complete preservation in Hainan.
Its shape not only reflects the cultural characteristics of the Yuan Dynasty of "governing the heart with Buddhism, governing the body with Taoism, and governing the world with Confucianism", but also shows the deep emotional bond between Mrs. Gou and Yun Conglong.
As a typical Mongolian tomb, the tomb of Mrs. Gou shows a strong Mongolian style with its unique shape and "freehand" Mongolian foundation. However, the lotus leaf decoration at the bottom and top of the tomb conveys a deep sense of Zen and embodies the true meaning of Buddhism.
The hexagram and floral waist ornament on the tomb condense the essence of Han culture and are closely connected with Yun Conglong's life experience and spiritual world. The tomb of Mrs. Gou is not only Yun Conglong's deep remembrance of his mother, but also his ardent expectations for future generations.
His spiritual world is embodied in this tomb, so that future generations can get endless life inspiration from it when they come to worship.
When Mrs. Gou was alive, she was given "Yiren" by Kublai Khan in 1280, and was later posthumously awarded the title of Mrs. Zhengyi Pintai. The appearance of Mongolian-style octagonal tombs in the early Yuan Dynasty may be related to Kublai Khan's obsession with the Book of Changes.
In 1271, Kublai Khan changed the name of the country to "Da Yuan", and the year name "Zhi Yuan" was also taken from the Book of Changes. The architectural names of the Dayuan Palace, such as "Daming Palace", "Jiande Gate", "Houzai Gate", "Xianning Palace", etc., all come from the hexagram of the Book of Changes.
Kublai Khan also personally sacrificed Sima Qian's tomb, making it a combination of I Ching gossip and yurts, setting an example for the rise of the octagonal tomb in the early Yuan Dynasty.