On February 3, the "Opinions of the Communist Party of China on Learning and Using the Experience of the "Thousand Village Demonstration and Ten Thousand Village Renovation" Project to Effectively and Effectively Promote the Comprehensive Revitalization of Villages" was officially released to the public. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, this is the 12th document to guide the work of "three rurals", which fully reflects the strategic positioning of "three rural" as the top priority of the whole party's work.
Today, Han Wenxiu, deputy director of the Finance Office in charge of daily work and director of the Agricultural Office, and Zhu Weidong, deputy director of the Finance Office and deputy director of the Agricultural Office, gave an in-depth interpretation of this year's No. 1 document.
The outstanding features of this year's No. 1 document are to adhere to the principle of seeking progress in stability, promoting stability with progress, establishing first and then breaking down, adhering to the combination of goal-oriented and problem-oriented, combining key tasks and comprehensive deployment, combining annual work and phased arrangements, highlighting pertinence and effectiveness, focusing on solving the difficulties and blockages of rural revitalization, and the outstanding problems that the peasant masses have strong reactions to, and strengthening policy and system innovation.
*The overall framework of Document No. 1 can be summarized as "two guarantees, three promotions, and two strengthenings".
The "two guarantees" are to ensure national food security and ensure that there will be no large-scale return to poverty.
The "three improvements" are to improve the level of rural industry development, rural construction, and rural governance.
The "two strengthenings" are to strengthen the two-wheel drive of science and technology and reform, and strengthen the measures to increase farmers' income.
1.3 trillion catties.
Food security is the "great thing of the country". The document focuses on ensuring grain production and supply, and proposes to ensure that grain output is maintained at 1Mission objectives of more than 3 trillion catties. Mainly in four aspects:
The first is to stabilize the sown area. The key lies in arousing the peasants' enthusiasm for growing grain and for local grain grabbing.
The second is to focus on yield improvement. The document makes it clear that the focus of increasing grain production should be placed on increasing grain yield in a large area, implementing the grain yield improvement project, and integrating and popularizing good land and good seeds, good opportunities and good methods. The focus is on grasping the two key points of seeds and arable land.
The third is to expand food**. On the premise of protecting the ecological environment, we should ask for food for the entire land and space resources, and build a diversified food supply system, so that the people of the whole country can eat enough, eat abundantly, and eat healthily.
Fourth, we should strengthen grain conservation and loss reduction. The document emphasizes that we should continue to deepen various actions to save food, promote the glorious trend of conservation, promote healthy diet, and resolutely stop food waste, so that food conservation will become a common practice in the whole society.
The main grain-producing areas are the most important in increasing production capacity and ensuring supply. China's 13 major grain-producing areas account for more than 80 percent of the country's total grain crop output. So how to improve the enthusiasm of the main producing areas to focus on agriculture and grasp grain? This year's No. 1 document focuses on improving the compensation mechanism for the interests of the main producing areas, and has made targeted deployments.
Vertically, we will increase support for large grain-producing counties. The focus is on rewarding and subsidizing large grain-producing counties, further favoring counties with large amounts of commercial grain transfer and outstanding contributions to food security, and abolishing the requirements for supporting funds for high-standard farmland construction in large grain-producing counties.
Horizontally, establish a compensation mechanism for the interests of the main producing areas. **The first document proposes to explore the establishment of an inter-provincial horizontal interest compensation mechanism for grain production and marketing areas, and deepen multi-channel production and marketing cooperation.
In terms of industry, expand and extend the industrial chain. **The first document proposes to focus on promoting the layout of the agricultural product processing industry to the main producing areas, support the construction of processing industrial parks in the main producing areas of grain and important agricultural products, support the development of the whole industrial chain processing of soybeans and other agricultural products in the northeast region, build food and feed industry clusters, promote local and nearby transformation and value-added, and accelerate the pace of enriching the people in Xingxian County, the main grain producing areas.
In 2023, the per capita disposable income of rural residents will reach 21,691 yuan, an increase of 76%, and the income ratio of urban and rural residents shrank to 239∶1。This year's document puts the measures to strengthen farmers' income increase in a prominent position, focusing on four aspects.
The first is to tap the potential of industrial operation to increase income. Doing a good job in household management is still the most important task in increasing peasants' incomes. The document proposes to implement actions to promote farmers' income and support farmers to develop family management projects such as characteristic planting and breeding, handicraft workshops, and understory economy.
The second is to stabilize the income of peasants who go out to work. Wage income has become the first pillar of peasant income. The document emphasizes that it is necessary to strengthen the vocational skills training of migrant workers, improve the cross-regional information sharing and organized labor export mechanism, do a good job in supporting the employment of older migrant workers, actively promote cash-for-work in key projects and agricultural and rural infrastructure construction, and promote multi-channel employment of rural labor.
The third is to expand transfer income. The document stresses that it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of agriculture-related capital projects, strictly investigate and deal with illegal activities such as arbitrage and fraudulent acquisition of funds, and make up for the various subsidies and subsidies given to farmers, so that farmers can really get benefits.
Fourth, peasants should be given fuller property rights and interests. The document proposes to encourage the use of rural idle homesteads, idle houses, "four wastelands" and other resource assets by means of leasing, cooperative development, and shareholding management, so as to create conditions to increase farmers' property income through multiple channels.
The construction of two "one" villages is the focus of solving the contradiction of unbalanced urban and rural development, and it is also the great potential of expanding domestic demand and promoting high-quality economic development. This year's No. 1 document stresses that rural construction should proceed from the actual conditions of various localities and the needs of farmers, grasp the popularization of universal benefits, and do one thing and one thing.
First, strengthen planning and guidance. It is necessary to conform to the law of rural development and the trend of urbanization, and strengthen the categorical guidance for the preparation of village planning.
The second is to continue to improve the living environment. The level of economic development and natural geographical conditions are different in various places, so it is necessary to promote the treatment of domestic sewage and garbage and rural toilets according to local conditions, and explore the reward and subsidy model of farmers voluntarily changing toilets according to standards and subsidizing households after passing the acceptance.
The third is to make up for the shortcomings of infrastructure. In view of the conspicuous problems reported by the peasant masses, we should draw up a list and solve them one by one.
Fourth, improve the level of public services. Focus on the construction of inclusive, basic and comprehensive people's livelihood, and respond to the concerns of farmers.
Fifth, grasp the timeliness of rural construction. Rural construction should focus on building for farmers, focusing on sustainability. We must persist in proceeding from reality, subordinate quantity to quality, and progress to actual results, not to rush for success, and not to go beyond the development stage and blindly borrow money to engage in construction.
Three in one. Cultivated land is the lifeblood of food production, and without arable land security, there will be no food security. According to statistics, from 2021 to 2023, the total amount of cultivated land in the country has achieved a net increase for three consecutive years. This year's No. 1 document emphasizes that the "trinity" protection system of cultivated land quantity, quality and ecology should be improved. It is necessary to focus on three aspects to ensure that the quantity and quality of cultivated land are guaranteed.
First, the total amount of cultivated land should be strictly maintained. The red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land must not be breached. The new round of territorial spatial planning has clarified 186.5 billion acres of arable land and 154.6 billion mu of permanent basic farmland protection tasks, and gradually decomposed to reach all localities.
The second is to improve the quality of cultivated land. **The first document takes the construction of high-standard farmland as the starting point, and deploys and strengthens the construction of cultivated land quality. In terms of timing, it is clear that priority should be given to the cultivated land in the black soil area, the plain area, and the area with water conservancy and irrigation conditions in Northeast China to be built into high-standard farmland, and the limited funds should be used to the best advantage.
The third is to tap reserve cultivated land resources. The focus is to do a good job of two pieces of land: one is abandoned land, and encourage all localities to make use of abandoned land according to local conditions; The other is saline-alkali land, there are many saline-alkali land in China, with the progress of science and technology, the development potential increases accordingly, it is necessary to combine "planting the right land" with "taking the right seed to the land", the seeds and the saline-alkali land should be adapted to each other, and the saline-alkali cultivated land should be improved by zoning and classification, and the effective way of comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land should be explored.
CCTV reporter Liang Lijuan Liu Cheng).