With the acceleration of urbanization in China, the impact of industrial and agricultural activities on the environment has become increasingly significant, and the problem of groundwater pollution has gradually become prominent. As an important source of drinking water, excessive levels of heavy metals and salts, especially nitrate, pose a serious threat to public health. Excessive intake of nitrates over a long period of time can lead to health problems and even increase the risk of cancer. Therefore, ensuring that groundwater meets drinking water standards is essential to protect people's health. In this paper, the current common methods of nitrate removal in drinking water will be used as a reference for related fields.
1. Biological method: Biological method is widely used in drinking water treatment due to its environmental protection and low energy consumption. The basic principle is the reduction of nitrate to nitrogen under anoxic conditions using specific microorganisms. This method is selective and effective in removing nitrates, making it suitable for large-scale treatment. However, the biological process is complex and may produce secondary pollution, which is not suitable for small-scale drinking water treatment in rural areas, and the construction and maintenance costs are high.
2. Chemical method: The chemical method reduces nitrate into nitrogen or ammonium ions by adding a reducing agent, which has the characteristics of fast processing speed and easy operation. This method is suitable for small-scale processing scenarios, but it is more demanding to manage and operate when applied on a large scale, and may result in effluent that needs to be disposed of.
3. Physical method: reverse osmosis method and electrodialysis method belong to physical method. Reverse osmosis is not recommended as a first choice because it removes nitrate but is non-selective and produces concentrated water that does not retain other beneficial substances in the water. Electrodialysis can remove nitrates, but it consumes more energy and is less widely used.
4. Ion exchange method: The ion exchange method has a significant effect in removing nitrate, which can reduce the nitrate concentration to 0Below 1ppm, far below the national standard. This method is simple to operate, easy to reuse, economical and convenient, and is a technology worth promoting.
In summary, various nitrate removal methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the most suitable method should be selected according to the specific scenario in practical application. In the future, with the development of technology and the reduction of costs, more efficient, more economical and more environmentally friendly nitrate removal technology will better serve the safety of drinking water. We look forward to the innovation and correction of more technical peers to jointly promote the development of drinking water treatment technology.
The purpose of this paper is to introduce the relevant technologies of nitrate removal in drinking water, and to provide reference for ensuring the safety of drinking water for the public. Please note that the content of this article is for informational purposes only and the specific technical implementation is subject to professional guidance and relevant regulations. ）