As an important part of the integrated sewage treatment equipment process, pretreatment aims to remove large particle impurities, suspended solids and partially dissolved organic matter in sewage through physical or chemical methods, so as to provide good conditions for subsequent biochemical treatment. Pretreatment typically includes steps such as grid filtration, grit remover, conditioning tank, etc. Grid filtration is used to remove large particles of impurities and suspended solids, which can effectively prevent clogging and wear of subsequent treatment equipment. The grit remover can be used to precipitate the sand and heavy particles in the sewage to prevent it from entering the subsequent treatment unit. The regulating tank is used to balance the water quality and quantity to ensure the stability of the subsequent treatment. These pretreatment measures can effectively improve the efficiency and quality of sewage treatment, and provide favorable conditions for subsequent biochemical treatment.
In practical applications, it is necessary to select the appropriate pretreatment method according to the characteristics and treatment requirements of the wastewater. For example, for sewage containing a large amount of suspended solids, sedimentation tanks or clarifiers can be used for treatment; Grease traps can be used for treatment of effluents containing oily contaminants. At the same time, it is necessary to monitor and control the pretreatment effect according to the actual situation, and adjust the treatment process parameters in time to ensure that the pretreatment effect reaches the best state.
In terms of technological development, with the continuous improvement of environmental protection requirements and the continuous improvement of sewage treatment technology, pretreatment technology is also constantly innovating and improving. In the future, with the emergence of new materials and the advancement of treatment technology, pretreatment technology will be more efficient, environmentally friendly and energy-saving. For example, new filter materials and adsorbents can further improve the efficiency and effectiveness of wastewater treatment; At the same time, the application of intelligent technology will also provide strong support for the automation and intellectualization of the pretreatment process.
2 Biochemical treatment.
In the sewage treatment process, biochemical treatment is a key link, which uses the metabolism of microorganisms to convert the organic matter in the sewage into stable and harmless substances. In the process of biochemical treatment, microorganisms adsorb and degrade organic matter, converting it into inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide and water, and the microorganisms themselves are also proliferated. The treatment effect of this link directly affects the final effluent quality, so it is of great significance to study chemical treatment technology to improve the efficiency of sewage treatment.
In practical applications, biochemical treatment technologies have many forms, such as activated sludge method, biofilm method, anaerobic biological treatment, etc. Among them, the activated sludge method is the most widely used, which cultivates and domesticates the sludge to make it have the ability to degrade organic matter, and then uses the microorganisms in the sludge to purify the wastewater. The biofilm law uses microorganisms to attach to the surface of the carrier to form a biofilm, and when the sewage passes through the biofilm, the organic matter is degraded by the microorganisms. Anaerobic biological treatment uses anaerobic microorganisms to convert organic matter into gases such as methane and carbon dioxide in the absence of oxygen. These biochemical treatment technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages in practical applications, and should be selected according to the specific situation.
In order to improve the efficiency and stability of biochemical processing, researchers continue to carry out technological innovation and research. For example, high-efficiency strains, optimization of reactor structure, control of operating parameters and other means are used to improve the degradation capacity and treatment efficiency of microorganisms. In addition, through mathematical models and computer simulation technology, the biochemical treatment process can be simulated and optimized, providing theoretical support and practical guidance for actual operation.
In the future development, biochemical treatment technology will continue to develop in the direction of high efficiency, environmental protection and sustainability. With the continuous progress of science and technology and the expansion of application fields, biochemical treatment technology will continue to make new breakthroughs and innovations, and play a more important role in solving the global water pollution problem.
3 Deep processing.
Advanced treatment is an important part of the integrated wastewater treatment plant process, which aims to further remove trace pollutants remaining after pretreatment and biochemical treatment, including phosphorus, nitrogen, heavy metals, etc. Advanced treatment methods include adsorption, ion exchange, membrane separation, etc., which can effectively remove trace pollutants and improve water quality. For example, activated carbon adsorption can remove harmful substances such as organic matter, heavy metals, and residual chlorine from water, while membrane filtration can remove substances such as bacteria, viruses, and particulates from water. Advanced treatment is of great significance for improving water quality, protecting the environment and human health.