Hunan**Quan**Reporter Zhou Yuegui.
Dongting Lake after the ice and snow, the water and sky are the same color, but there is a trace of green thin line on the shore, which leads to a faint spring letter. In February, Dongting Lake is quiet and vast, and the shore of the lake is moored with the beautiful dreams of old fishermen, in which there is a resurgence of fish tides, as well as thousands of buildings and avenues, ...... vertical and horizontal streets
Eight hundred miles of Dongting, large and small fishing villages are as numerous as stars. Fishermen are the group of people who are most entangled with the lake. They blend into the breath of the lake, follow the ripples of the lake, capture the changes of the wind and clouds on the lake, and thus determine the course of the day and even the course of the life.
On December 20, 2019, the waters of Dongting Lake were completely banned from productive fishing of natural fishery resources. From January 1, 2021, a "ten-year fishing ban" will be launched in key waters of the entire Yangtze River basin.
The lives of retired fishermen have been restarted on shore. In February 2024, in the rain, snow and freezing weather, the reporter walked into the East Dongting and South Dongting Lake areas to visit fishermen's families to see how they lived in new houses, grew new skills, and gave birth to new and fuller dreams.
Jiangnan Di] "Go to school, work, and settle down in the city".
February 24, Lantern Festival. In the morning, after finally finishing the backlog of advertising and signage orders a year ago, the two "bosses" Liu Weixin and Peng Yingbo of Miluo Shangpin Culture Media invited the company's retired fishermen employees to eat a bowl of steaming Lantern Festival. Everyone chatted for a while, and then they went home for the holiday.
Liu and Peng decided to go back to Jiangnan Embankment in Leishishan Village, Baitang Town to visit their old neighbors. Following the flow of the Miluo River, starting from the urban area of Miluo City, it takes about 40 minutes to arrive at the territory of Leishishan Village.
The Miluo River becomes gentle here, and finally connects with the Xiangjiang River and the Yuanjiang River and merges into Dongting. At the confluence of rivers and lakes, there is a soothing and fertile water, which was once the ideal harbor for fishermen.
Jiangnan Di, a villager group in Leishishan Village, has more than 120 households that are all professional fishermen. There are many surnames here, there are Du, Liu, Peng, Gan, Yang, etc., the ancestors are from all over the world to sail here, since then the generations have been anchored in this harbor rich in fishery resources.
At this time, under the eaves of the farmhouse, red lanterns are hung, which set off the rich flavor of the New Year in the ice and snow. In the "Retired Fishermen's Home", an old fishing boat is quietly parked, with clothes, fish baskets and some old **. Not only is the "nostalgia" of the old fishermen involved, but also a special job fair for retired fishermen is held every year when the spring flowers are in full bloom.
Du Jianguo, 75, and his wife live in a small white western-style building near the "Retired Fishermen's Home", and the white tile floor in the house is spotless.
In the past, fishermen were also very busy during the Spring Festival. Du Jianguo said that around the Spring Festival, it is the time to fight "swordfish". This is where the narrative begins, and time turns over.
At the age of 12, Du Jianguo began fishing with his father.
South to Changsha, north to Chenglingji, drifting on the water for two or three months, regardless of rain or snow, food and accommodation are on the boat. From time to time, you will encounter finless porpoises, which everyone calls "**encountering" "**worshipping the wind", knowing that the wind and waves are coming, and you need to return as soon as possible. At night, the sound of the water at the bottom of the boat is gentle, the hull of the ship shakes rhythmically, and the swans chirp in the distance, and the toil of the day dissolves.
However, the life of a fisherman is always uncertain. After fishing for decades, Du Jianguo gradually felt that there were fewer and fewer big fish in the lake, and it was even more difficult to see the finless porpoise. As he got older, he didn't want to go to the lake anymore.
In 2020, in response to the fishing ban policy, nearly 300 fishermen from the Jiangnan Embankment all returned to land. These fishermen, who had originally emigrated from the provinces, set out again to find their way, and this time, their way was no longer only "fishing".
Du Jianguo has three daughters and four grandchildren, some of whom live in the urban area of Miluo City, and some work in Changsha, the provincial capital. The second daughter's child is in the third year of high school in Changsha, and her academic performance is particularly good, "I hope she will be admitted to Peking University this year, and our family will go to the city, the province, and Beijing, and go to school, work, and settle down in the city!" Lao Du smiled very smugly.
Liu Weixin's hometown is opposite the Du family, he has many brothers and sisters, and when he was a child, he suffered on the boat. Now everyone has settled in the city, but only my mother stays here and refuses to move out.
In 2019, Liu Weixin and Peng Yingbo, a fisherman in the same group, opened an outdoor advertising production company in the urban area of Miluo City, named "Shangpin". The company has advanced equipment and busy business, and recruits hundreds of employees at its busiest time, most of whom are retired fishermen from the Jiangnan embankment.
Here, retired fisherman Wu Ling lived in the company's dormitory, learned to operate a computer, and her two children went to school in the city. "In the past two years, I have saved some money and tried to buy a house in the city as soon as possible. ”
At night, the fireworks of the Lantern Festival rise above the Jiangnan embankment, which is extremely brilliant.
Yurt] "Protect the fish of Dongting Lake for future generations".
Across the vast lake, the old garden is on Qingshan Island, in the water**.
Every retired fisherman living in the yurt community of Santang Town, Xiangyin County, has such nostalgia.
At the end of the 20th century, more than 100 fishermen from Yanjiashan Mountain on Qingshan Island all moved here, because there is a round hill near the settlement, which resembles a yurt, the old fishermen call this place "yurt".
The people of Qingshan Island have always made a living from fishing and have no land, and Dongting Lake has generously raised them. The fishermen's houses are built with reeds, lake mud, wood, thatch, etc., which are low cost and easy to build. After moving to the "yurt", everyone still makes a living from fishing, and the local ** helped the fishermen build new houses, and everyone can live in peace. ”
Later, more and more houses were built by the fishermen. In 2019, the yurt community was retired, and the yurt community was built better and better.
One day in the rainy season, the reporter walked into the yurt community, the leisure square is fully equipped, the community roads are neat and clean, and the houses of the retired fishermen are neat and affectionate. Visit one household at a time, and each household has a good story.
Liu Dihuang's brain was active, and after he went ashore, he opened a crayfish processing company. The peak production season lasts about three months each year, and at its peak there are more than 400 workers, most of whom are retired fishermen. The most gratifying thing for Liu Dihuang is that after graduating from university, his son Liu Jiaming became his right-hand man to help manage the company.
Jia Ming has a congenital physical disability, and Liu Dihuang is full of worries: "It will be impossible for this child to follow me to fish in the future, and he has to go ashore to have a way out." ”
Garmin also knows that he has to be diligent, and he puts in more effort than others in school. After graduating from university, he helped his father manage the business together and at the same time started a company on his own, which he named "Dream". "My dream is to drive more people with disabilities to sell more agricultural and sideline products on e-commerce platforms. Liu Jiaming said.
Walking into Hu Libing's house, he was chasing the drama by the fire, and immediately put on his shoes to take the reporter to see his "vegetable garden".
It's freezing outside, but the vegetable base is still green, and the scallion grows in the fertile soil. This place is located on the shore of South Dongting Lake, the terrain is flat, the land is fertile, and it is known as the tradition of planting scallion, where it grows big and fat, white and crystalline.
In 2019, Hu Libing, who retired from fishing, led the retired fishermen to transfer 200 acres of land to plant scallion, "with a production capacity of 6,000 catties per mu and a profit of nearly 3,500 yuan per mu." ”
Say goodbye to Hu Libing and come to Xiao Zhengguo, a 62-year-old retired fisherman. Xiao Zhengguo has been fishing for decades, and he used to be a "master of fishing", but now he has become a ranger of Dongting Lake, whose main work is to prohibit fishing and repair shoreline guardrails.
Occasionally, facing Dongting Lake, Xiao Zhengguo overlooks the small island of water. In the lake, the number of finless porpoises has increased, and the mandarin fish and saury that have disappeared for many years have reappeared, and Xiao Zhengguo sometimes follows the patrol boat down the lake, and he will see many fish jumping out of the water, and some even jump onto the boat.
The old fisherman was very happy: "We want to protect the fish in Dongting Lake and leave it to future generations."
Yang Linzhai] used to be the most powerful fishing, and now it is also good at growing vegetables."
On February 19th, a cold wave was coming. In Yanglinzhai Township, Xiangyin County, the endless water celery fields make the fields that have not yet returned to green full of vitality. At 5 o'clock in the morning, before dawn, Zhang Zhicong and Zhang Yi often put on waterproof bib pants and went down to the field to harvest water celery.
At around 7 a.m., workers came to work in the shed at the edge of the field at Xuyang Agriculture.
On this day, the cold wind and rain in northern Hunan and the temperature plummeted, and as soon as I walked into the shed, the heat was pasted on the reporter's glasses. More than 50 employees in the shed are combing the leaves, placing them neatly, cleaning and packing, and every process is in an orderly manner.
Collect cress on snowy days. Zhang Xu, the person in charge of "Xuyang Agriculture", said: "Old fishermen know that the stronger the wind, the more expensive the fish. This is when the price of watercress can be afforded. ”
The fishermen have suffered everything, what is this wind and rain," 71-year-old Zhang Shixin replied: "Our Yangjiazhai used to be the most powerful fisherman, and now we are also good at growing vegetables." ”
More than ninety percent of the people who come to work here are retired fishermen from Yanglinzhai. In the past, everyone was busy farming, and when they were free, they went to the lake in their spare time, and fishing and selling fish and shrimp in the outer lake became the main income of the vast majority of fishermen's families. Yanglinzhai Township even organized a professional fishing team to engage in fishing work in the waters of Heilongjiang on the Sino-Russian border, and earned a lot of money.
In 2019, Dongting Lake was closed to fishing. Zhang Xu, who retired from fishing and went ashore, transferred more than 200 acres of land and co-founded Xuyang Agricultural Development Company. Crayfish are raised in April every year, and a season of rice is planted after the crayfish is harvested, and water celery is planted after the rice is harvested, among which the most profitable is water celery. Water celery has two crops a year, one mu can harvest 6,000 catties, with an annual output value of five or six million yuan, and nearly 100 people are employed seasonally.
In 2019, when he retired from fishing and went ashore, Chen Lihua of Wangjiahe Village was the first to hand in the fishing boat in Yanglinzhai, for which he received a reward of 3,000 yuan. ”
After landing, Chen Lihua set up a special aquaculture farmer cooperative, driving more than 50 retired fishermen to raise soft-shelled turtles, lobsters, rice field fish and so on. At present, the aquaculture area of the cooperative reaches 455 acres. Chen Lihua's younger brother, Chen Lihui, founded Hongfeihai Fishery *** to produce fire-roasted fish and preserved fish. The company's cold storage is full of one-person-high preserved fish, which is visually quite shocking.
In Yanglinzhai, retired fishermen also planted edible fungi and chili peppers, and everyone basically changed their production and careers. In the past, the land of wild continents and barren lakes has become the hometown of Wuhua Tianbao.
On the shore, fireworks rise; In the water, the tide of fish rises again; Deep in the soil, the heat is surging, and spring is close to us.
Reporter's note] The ice and snow melted, and the flowers bloomed on the shore.
Shore is a warm word.
The shore is the place of return, when you return from a long voyage, the shore lights are the most moving; The shore is the journey, and when you start from here, the sky and the earth are infinitely wide. Retiring from fishing and going ashore is never the end, but the beginning of a new life.
Fishermen have seen bigger storms than farmers, and they are more flexible in the transition. Some people raise soft-shelled turtles, some sell lobsters, and some people plant scallions, cress, peppers and ...... in the fertile soil of the lake areaQianmo is vertical and horizontal, fertile for thousands of miles, and life on the shore has the possibility of carrying more dreams.
Even the old fishermen who stayed at home had a calm look on their faces, and everyone's home was particularly tidy, showing the owner's pursuit of a better life.
From the water to the shore, behind the smooth transition, a series of policies and measures to ensure the resettlement of retired fishermen are working together to ensure everyone's vitality. In the process of changing the production and employment of retired fishermen, it is indispensable to help various training courses held in various places, as well as to coordinate and solve problems such as resettlement security, land transfer, infrastructure, and production technology.
When it rains, the snow melts; Life on the shore, warm restart. The rape flowers are blooming, and soon, more green will be spreading over the Chau Tan fields.
Over the past three years, in accordance with the general idea of "starting from a good step in one year and being able to manage it, strengthening the foundation in three years and withstanding it, and practicing internal skills and being stable in ten years", Hunan has orderly and effectively promoted the ban on fishing and fishing in key waters such as "one river, one lake and four waters". At present, the province has implemented 42 funds related to the ban on fishing and the return of fishing400 million yuan, 20,376 fishing boats and 28,580 retired fishermen who have been registered have all withdrawn on schedule, 28,430 fishermen who meet the conditions for participating in basic old-age insurance have all participated in insurance, and 18,585 fishermen who have the willingness and ability to work have all changed their employment. (Data provided by: Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs).