and the two founding marshals who are famous in the history of the Chinese revolution, they are wise men in military strategy and outstanding generals in the history of the revolution.
They were brave and resourceful in military strategy, and even in their achievements in the revolutionary career there are many similarities.
However, in the era of war, when the environment was extremely complicated, their temperament, character, cultural quality, and methods of handling things were very different, which led to differences and even misunderstandings and entanglements on many issues, and finally formed deep contradictions.
As the war situation developed, these misunderstandings and entanglements also affected their work to a greater or lesser extent, and even led to a fierce conflict between the two marshals. So, what misunderstandings and grievances were there between these two founding marshals?
General Takeshi Kawanaka was born in a poor peasant family in Sichuan.
After studying in a private school for 5 years and receiving a new education, at the age of 12, due to the death of his father at the age of 15, the family was extremely financially difficult, so he had no choice but to drop out of school to work in farming, and tasted the hardships of life early, which made him develop the habit of tenacity, simplicity and tenacious struggle.
In 1911, the Xinhai Revolution broke out, and independence uprisings surged in various places. ** Yearning for revolutionary force, decisively embarked on the road of joining the army.
However, many relatives and friends opposed him joining the army, but he resolutely said: "A husband should fight with a sword to save the people from fire and water, how can he be bound by the wealth of his life?" ”
He cut off his braids, and with the belief of saving the people from fire and water and the ambition of enriching the country and strengthening the army, he firmly joined the student army and stepped into the wave of democratic revolution led by Sun Yat-sen.
In 1912, he entered the Chongqing Military Academy with outstanding results. In addition to studying, he insisted on training hard and studied the works of the art of war in depth.
During his days in the academy, he has shaped a rigorous and meticulous, brave and fearless character and profound military literacy. In 1913, in the "Second Revolution" launched by Sun Yat-sen, ** fought fiercely with the Beiyang Army in Sichuan with his troops.
He took the lead, but due to his lack of experience in the first battle, he found that his subordinates did not follow up in time when facing the enemy, so he had to retreat. He was deeply impressed by this first battle.
In August, ** learned the lessons of the first battle. In the battle of attacking Hanchangpo near Luzhou, he carefully organized and mobilized his fighters, and seized the enemy's weak points to break through the enemy's positions in one fell swoop.
** Outstanding performance in this battle, appreciated by superiors, and soon promoted to company commander.
From 1920 to 1923, Brigade Commander Zhang Chong appointed *** as the commander of the first road and led the main force of the team to fight. During this period, the political situation in the country was turbulent, and the military struggle in Sichuan was changeable, turning into a warlord melee.
**Insist on standing under the banner of Sun Yat-sen, fight for justice, and fight for saving the country and the people.
In the 1923 Sichuan Thief War, ** commanded the Second Mixed War Brigade, attacked the rebel brigade for a long time, held Longquanyi for four days and nights, defended Chengdu City, and won the reputation of "Famous General in Sichuan".
The war was tense, consensus was hard to find, and the grievances of ** and *** originated from the fourth anti-"encirclement and suppression" in February 1933.
In December 1931, he entered the Soviet area, and with the experience of the Xinhai Revolution and the Northern Expedition, he led the Luzhou and Shunqing uprisings, and was appreciated and promoted to the chief of the General Staff of the Red Army, specifically commanding the fourth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign.
In the course of the anti-"encirclement and suppression" war, the Red Third Army suffered setbacks in the battle against Nanfeng, which made *** question ***.
Due to the temporary weight, he was pushed to the forefront of the "dispute between the soil and the ocean" and became a representative of the foreign school.
At this time, he hoped to further improve the strategic and tactical level of the Red Army through the rational chapter, put forward the viewpoint of "guerrillaism" and opposed the strategy of fighting a regular war put forward by *** and others.
However, both ** and ** expressed dissatisfaction with this, they had a deep understanding and experience of guerrilla warfare, believing that this was the Red Army's best game and the true meaning of actual combat.
As a result, they are disgusted by ***'s article and form a bad impression of ***.
In the strategy of the fourth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, the guiding ideology of the "foreign faction" has violated the taboo of the military and has not given full consideration to the objective reality.
The ** Bureau of the Soviet District ordered our army to implement the strategy of preemptive and proactive attack, and to besiege Nanfeng City.
Nanfeng City is located in the plain area of southeast Jiangxi, the terrain is open, surrounded by mountains, undulating hills, suitable for assembling troops and implementing group combat, and is an important stronghold for the Kuomintang army to attack the ** Soviet area.
Lao Peng, this is the decision of **, the order has been given, let's try it. "Still, the fact is that the attack on Nanfeng City did not go smoothly as *** expected.
On the battlefield of Nanfeng City, the Red Third Army launched a fierce attack on the fortifications.
Although the Red Army paid the price of more than 400 **, including the sacrifice of Peng Ao, the commander of the third division, and two regiment commanders, the enemy troops outside the city were still not destroyed.
The offensive of the Red Army was suppressed by enemy fire and it was difficult to approach the city walls. * Seeing that our army was so badly damaged, his heart ached, and he angrily reprimanded: "If we continue to fight like this, the family resources of our three army corps will be exhausted!"
What kind of regular warfare and offensive battles, all of them are *** blind command! If we continue like this, how can we still win the battle! Hurry up and get out of here! ”
**After learning of the battle situation, I also deeply regretted it, and what was even more worrying was that the reinforced enemy troops had been dispatched one after another, trying to besiege the Red Third Army that was besieging the city from three sides.
The forward bureau immediately made a judgment, and without waiting for the instructions of the temporary ** and the rear bureau, it ordered the Red Third Army to withdraw from the battlefield of Nanfeng City, so as to avoid the siege of the Red Army falling into the dangerous situation of internal and external attacks.
However, **did not know,** did not approve of the storming of Nanfeng City. He carefully studied the telegram sent by *** to the rear bureau, and believed that the forward bureau had the most right to speak because it was in a war situation, and should listen to their opinions.
However, at that time, Xiang Ying and others did not follow ***'s advice. At the critical moment, ** and others resolutely adjusted their strategy and commanded the contingent to adopt flexible guerrilla warfare.
In the end, the Red Army won a major victory in destroying 30,000 enemies and capturing more than 10,000 enemies.
** and *** misunderstanding in military concepts, ** think that *** is foreign dogmatism.
However, in fact, after entering the core of the Red Army's operational command, he published articles criticizing "guerrillaism" in the hope that the Red Army would raise its strategic and tactical level to meet the needs of opposing "encirclement and suppression."
Although he affirmed the merits of the "Battle of the Hundred Regiments", he also pointed out the strategic mistakes involved, such as prematurely exposing strength when the enemy was outnumbered, and failing to give full play to the traditional advantages of regular warfare and guerrilla warfare.
At the 1944 Symposium on the Army System, the controversy over the "Battle of the Hundred Regiments" was mentioned in the report. Although the Battle of the Hundred Regiments achieved a major victory in the War of Resistance against Japan, there were also some strategic mistakes.
**During the Battle of the Hundred Regiments, he self-criticized his own command, especially in the encirclement and suppression of the Japanese Okazaki Brigade, which suffered heavy losses due to miscommand.
Although *** was furious during the battle and determined to annihilate all the enemy troops, due to ***'s opposition, *** finally had to wait until the evening to attack.
Although *** was also very angry during the battle, he still insisted on his opinion, believing that ***'s behavior was angry and brute.
After the battle, ** deeply regrets his wrong actions and decides to apologize to ***.
Although the 129th Division paid a lot of money in the battle, it finally succeeded in annihilating the Japanese Okazaki Brigade, and the number of Japanese invaders even exceeded the number of Japanese invaders.
After the battle, **apologize to ***, and **respond with humility.
In the report, the criticism of the Hundred Regiments War is not only a summary of the entire Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, and Henan War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, but also contains self-criticism.
Despite ***'s victory in the battle, he wasn't prepared to deal with ***'s criticism. The relationship between ** and *** has become strained because of this issue.
In 1958, the idea of opposing dogmatism was put forward, and it was not out of the blue. In the fifties of the last century, China learned from the Soviet experience, but later began to reject the Soviet experience as dogmatism.
** Because of its ties with the Soviet Union in military work and army building, it was pushed to the forefront. As soon as the wind of anti-dogmatism blew, the Nanjing Military Academy, which was founded by **, was no longer calm.
Although the results of the investigation by generals such as Chen Geng and Huang Kecheng showed that the students were under pressure, the report submitted by the investigation team to the above showed that many students felt the need to oppose dogmatism.
This makes it difficult for the dean and political commissar to escape the involvement. ** Denied the teaching of the military academy and said that the stronghold of dogmatism must be in the military academy.
Xiao Ke disagrees with this point of view, but his letter with *** has become evidence of the crime of "attacking Mr. Peng".
** Feeling the seriousness of the situation, he wrote a letter to the party committee indicating that it was necessary to attach importance to the ideological examination of anti-dogmatism.
**Due to physical condition, he submitted his resignation to *** and *** for all positions at the Nanjing Military Academy.
Although the Military Commissar approved his request and appointed a new dean and commissar, his resignation did not prevent the further development of anti-dogmatism.
At the enlarged meeting of the Military Commission, anti-dogmatism was described as a struggle between two military lines, and all "dogmatists" were criticized for opposing the ideology and strategic policy of army building.
** directly criticized dogmatism and pointed out that *** still has the old warlord habits in him, especially in the military aspect, and he adopts the dogmatic set.
** words have a lot of weight.
** Seriously: "* The dogmatism on the body has influence not only in Nanjing, but even in the capital Beijing. We must not forget that in the days of the Red Army, dogmatism once killed our comrades. ”
** and *** rhetoric escalated the struggle. ** I was recuperating in other places, and I received an order from the Military Commission and hurried back to Beijing to attend the meeting.
He knew his situation, but for the sake of party unity and the interests of his comrades, he decided to conduct a public review to avoid an escalation of the situation.
Despite being seriously ill, ** returned to Beijing. **Expressing concern: "*Comrade, have a good rest, you just need to express your attitude, you don't have to attend the meeting and review in person." ”
Although *** once said that *** worked hard, respected the organization, and was old, it was not appropriate to be too nervous, but ***, who was well aware of the righteousness, still attended the review with illness.
In his review, he not only sought truth from facts, but also criticized himself, and even took all the blame for the crime, taking the responsibility of dogmatism on his own shoulders. He choked up so many times during the review that he couldn't even speak.
Although his review won persistent applause from the audience, the cruelty of reality did not allow him to protect his comrades. The struggle against dogmatism gradually escalated, and the aspirations of ** were ruthlessly crushed.
In the end, an "anti-party and sectarian group" was uncovered, and a number of high-ranking generals were labeled as "anti-party elements" and could only accept criticism in silence.
In this huge anti-dogmatism struggle, ** shed tears in Huairentang, and famous generals such as Xiao Ke, Li Zhongqi, and Guo Tianmin, who were led by him, were removed and demoted.
A large number of other comrades were also punished by party and government discipline and were demoted and demoted, and the struggle was finally put to rest.
In the autumn of 1980, ** made it clear that the anti-dogmatism movement of 1958 was wrong.
In the same year, Marshal ** also pointed out that although many military academies were run after the founding of the People's Republic of China and certain achievements were made, they suffered two great losses due to the erroneous anti-regularization and anti-dogmatism movements.
It was not until 1987 that the Discipline Inspection Commission of the ** Military Commission, in its circular No. 15, carried out all the thorough rehabilitation of comrades who had suffered political ** in the "anti-dogmatism" movement.