Liang Shuming argued with ***, what was the result?
Liang Shuming debated with Chairman *** on how to develop agriculture at the 1953 General Line Conference for the Transitional Period. Liang Shuming believed that there were problems in the peasants' livelihood and that the gap between urban and rural areas could not be widened, and this view was considered to be against the general line of the transitional period.
At the end of the meeting, the delegates shouted, "Don't listen to Liang Shuming's nonsense, don't give democratic rights to reactionaries, get out." As a result, Liang Shuming was bombed.
Although the controversy was fraught with disagreements and conflicts, it can be seen that the political environment at that time was a resolute support for and defence of the general line of the transitional period.
Liang Shuming: The Conflict and Ending of China's Last Great Confucianism and *** Learn why one of the most famous thinkers in Chinese history, Liang Shuming, came into conflict with ***, who has been dating for ten years?
And what is the outcome of this conflict? Let's follow the author to explore the historical background of this controversy and feel the revolutionary passion and construction enthusiasm of that era.
We've met before, do you remember? ”
Liang Shuming recalled the past and couldn't help but feel emotional. He used to be a lecturer at Peking University, and at that time, he was still working as a librarian, and he often went to Mr. Yang Huaizhong's house to visit the door, and he also opened the door for him.
After Mr. Yang Huaizhong died of illness, he married Ms. Yang Kaihui and became the son-in-law of the Yang family. Liang Shuming was attracted by his profound knowledge, modest attitude and noble personality, and he believed that he would far surpass Chiang Kai-shek in every aspect and would definitely become the leader of China in the future.
Therefore, Liang Shuming decided to stay in Yan'an and conduct in-depth research with *** on the ideas of the Anti-Japanese War, class struggle, and building the country. Although they had a dispute over how they built their country, it did not affect their friendship and instead enhanced their understanding of each other.
Liang Shuming was shocked by the spiritual outlook of the cadres and masses in Yan'an, and he was convinced that the Communist Party could lead China to prosperity under the leadership of the Communist Party, and only the Communist Party could achieve this goal.
With Japan's surrender, China's future is once again in the spotlight. Chiang Kai-shek wanted to establish a political regime, while the Communist Party, represented by the Communist Party, advocated the establishment of a people's democratic state.
As the secretary general of the China Democratic League, Liang Shuming has his own views on nation-building in post-war China. In Chongqing, however, his views were not widely accepted.
Therefore, he decided to go to Yan'an again to discuss his political views with the CCP.
Liang Shuming's suggestion was warmly responded to, he put down his busy work, warmly received Liang Shuming, and promised to arrange for 10 CCP leaders to listen to his views on China's future path.
** Not only did he agree immediately, but he also arranged for all the CCP leaders in Yan'an to meet with Liang Shuming the next day. The next day, in the conference room of the Communist Party of China in Yan'an, **Ren Bishi, Zhang Wentian, ** and other major leaders sat down on time under the stage, and after Liang Shuming shook hands with them one by one, he began to enthusiastically express his views.
In his speech, Liang Shuming pointed out that copying the European and American political system models is not in line with China's historical development and national conditions, but he believes that when China wants to carry out economic construction and change the status quo of the countryside and peasants, it must be led by a strong force.
However, his observations of the KMT show that they have become seriously corrupted and no longer really care about nation-building. In this regard, Liang Shuming is very worried. His speech attracted everyone's attention, no one was distracted, and they all carefully recorded the main points in the notebook, which made Liang Shuming very moved.
He firmly believes that the future of China will be in the hands of those who are full of energy. **The chairman invited Liang Shuming to come to Beijing and kindly asked him about his physical condition, to which Liang Shuming responded that everything was fine.
Liang Shuming and ***, after Liang Shuming was invited to participate in the welcome banquet, ** sincerely invited Liang Shuming to his home as a guest. After the two exchanged pleasantries, ** directly asked Liang Shuming what he had about the governance and construction of the country in New China, and expressed the hope that he could know everything and say everything.
Liang Shuming pondered for a moment and responded: "Only when everyone works together can we exert the greatest strength." With the close cooperation of the CPC and the masses of the people, the country's construction will certainly be better and better. ”
Hearing Liang Shuming's answer, ** lit a cigarette, and then asked: "So is Mr. Liang willing to participate in ** work?" Liang Shuming hesitated a little and replied, "I think I'm better outside." ”
** expressed his understanding and said: "It's okay, the work of New China requires the participation of many democratic parties, and the Communist Party cannot do without democratic parties. Mr. Liang, I have prepared a vegetarian meal for you, and we know that you are a vegetarian, so I specially instructed the chef to prepare a vegetarian meal today.
This is also part of the 'united front'! Liang Shuming expressed his deep gratitude for ***'s carefulness and thoughtfulness.
**The chairman suggested that Liang Shuming go to the northern countryside for inspection, and Liang Shuming gladly accepted. In the course of his investigation, Liang Shuming found that great changes had taken place in the countryside of New China, and the peasants had obtained land and were highly motivated to produce.
After the inspection, Liang Shuming reported the results of the inspection to Chairman ***, and accepted Chairman ***'s suggestion to go to the southern countryside for inspection. During his visit to the south, Liang Shuming learned more about the achievements of land reform in the south.
On the fourth day after Liang Shuming returned to Beijing, ** invited him to Zhongnanhai. Liang Shuming reported the results of his investigation to ***, and specifically mentioned an outstanding administrative ** in Sichuan, named ***
**After listening to it, he laughed and praised loudly: "Mr. Liang's observation is very accurate, whether it is politics or military, Wuzhi or martial arts, he is a good hand." ”
Since then, ** will regularly invite Liang Shuming to his home for in-depth conversations, which shows that they have a very good relationship and have become good friends. This is the interaction between *** and Liang Shuming for decades, it can be seen that after the founding of New China, ** respected Liang Shuming's opinions very much and had a close relationship with him; Liang Shuming is also willing to make suggestions for the construction of New China, and the relationship between the two is very good.
1.Understand the beginning and end of the dispute between Liang Shuming and ***: After the victory to resist US aggression and aid Korea, Liang Shuming and *** openly collided in 1953, what is the reason?
How did it happen? **How did you treat Liang Shuming? Read on. 2. "Transitional period"The controversy sparked by the general line: ** was proposed in 1953"The general line and task of the transitional period is to basically realize the industrialization of the country and the socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts, capitalist industry and commerce within a fairly long period of time. "
The next day, Liang Shuming expressed his agreement with ***'s speech in the panel discussion and put forward his own suggestions. The dispute between Liang Shuming and *** broke out.
Liang Shuming spoke again at the enlarged meeting of the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) on 11 September, stressing how to properly implement the general line. He pointed out three points, the last of which related to the issue of peasants.
He said: "Some people say that the workers live in nine days and the peasants live in nine places," and there is a difference between 'nine days and nine places,'" and in China's nation-building movement, "ignoring the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people -- the peasants, some people say that you have entered the city and dislike the peasants, and this is a problem that should attract our attention." ”
The reason why Liang Shuming made such a statement was because he did not have a comprehensive understanding of the situation in rural China at that time. The few villages he surveyed were not representative of the full picture of rural China.
He believes that the country's promotion of industrialization is the cause of such a "serious peasant problem".
When Liang Shuming was young, he attended the enlarged meeting of the People's Committee, reported on the situation on the battlefield to resist US aggression and aid Korea, and made a speech, emphasizing that "taking care of the peasants" is a "small benevolent policy" and "developing heavy industry and resisting US aggression and aiding Korea" is a "great benevolent policy."
At the end of his speech, he criticized Liang Shuming without naming him, believing that some people were "doing a favor to the US imperialists" by "giving small benevolence but not great benevolence". In the important meetings that Liang Shuming participated in when he was young, he emphasized the difference between "big benevolence" and "small benevolence", and also criticized Liang Shuming.
Liang Shuming's worries about the agricultural construction of New China troubled him, he believed that the problem was the widening gap between workers and peasants caused by industrialization, and he wanted to speak up for the peasants, but this did not mean that he opposed the general line.
In order to clear up the misunderstanding, Liang Shuming decided to write a letter to ***, emphasizing that he has always supported the general line and hopes to have the opportunity to expound his views again to express his goodwill.
However, despite these thoughts, he still believes that Liang Shuming does not really agree with the general line of prioritizing the development of heavy industry, and the two men have been verbally conflicting in their conversations in Zhongnanhai.
Liang Shuming once again expressed support for the general line, but also stressed the need for caution to ensure its successful implementation. ** In criticizing Liang, he accused him of opposing industrialization and the transformation of an agrarian country into an industrial country, while also criticizing his performance in the KMT-CCP negotiations, arguing that he was detrimental to the CCP's political performance.
In an interview, after speaking, Liang Shuming interjected: "At the critical moment of our two peace talks with the Kuomintang, Mr. Liang's position was to support Chiang Kai-shek's ......In fact, Chiang Kai-shek killed people with the barrel of a gun, and Liang Shuming killed people with a pen, and there was no blood in the killing. ”
Then, ** criticized Liang Shuming's so-called "nine heavens and nine places" viewpoint, saying that this was an opposition to the general line and had bad intentions. Liang Shuming disagreed, and decided to defend himself, asking to speak.
However, due to lack of preparation, the President of the General Assembly asked him to present his views at the next day's meeting. At the meeting on the second day, Liang Shuming took the stage again to speak, hoping to have enough time, and asked to listen to him explain one by one from a historical perspective.
However, many in the audience objected to his approach and demanded that he leave.
Liang Shuming expressed his views on certain topics at the Peking University staff meeting, and although he wanted him to elaborate briefly, he insisted that he had important facts that needed to be clarified.
However, this led to chaos in the venue, with some people taking the stage to criticize him. In the deadlock, the chairman of the meeting decided to vote on whether to let Liang Shuming continue. Most of the participants voted against, but *** voted in favor.
Despite the unsatisfactory results, ***'s impartial attitude is still appreciated.
After the CPPCC meeting, it was decided to let Liang Shuming express his views at another meeting. Liang Shuming stated his thoughts at the subsequent meeting, but he felt that his views were not fully articulated, mainly listening to criticism.
This is the whole process of Liang Shuming's dispute with ***. So, how did this turmoil finally resolve? Did it affect the friendship between *** and Liang Shuming?
Read on. The end result: Liang Shuming realized his mistake. After the meeting, Liang Shuming's two sons returned home from out of town, and Liang Shuming told them about his experience and reflected on the argument with ***.
Liang Shuming made an inappropriate speech, which triggered the persuasion of his sons. He said that his speech at the meeting was heard when he was chatting with his old friend Peng Yihu, and he did not listen to the explanation at that time, which led the topic to the gap between urban and rural areas.
Liang Shuming said to his son regretfully: "Oh, yes, this statement was told to me when I was chatting with my old friend Peng Yihu.
I was angry at the time, and I didn't even listen to the words of ***, what a big mistake! ”
As soon as Mr. Liang Peikuan's voice fell, he said, "Okay! Coming from outside the door, it turned out to be Liang Shuming's good friend He Xiangning who came to visit him. Several people hurriedly invited Ms. He Xiangning in.
After He Xiangning sat down, he said to Liang Shuming straight to the point: "Mr. Liang, I explained to some of the deputies who opposed you after the meeting that you have always been anti-Chiang and anti-Japanese in the past, and it was to dissuade you that some of the mistakes you made before were turned over again. ”
After taking a sip of tea and moistening her throat, He Xiangning continued: "When the atmosphere is already so tense, of course your misunderstanding of you by publicly contradicting the chairman of *** is even greater.
You should quickly close your doors to make up for your mistakes and pave the way for the future. ”
Liang Shuming accepted He Xiangning's suggestion, said that he would actively reflect on his mistakes, and asked Vice Chairman Chen Shutong and Secretary-General Li Weihan to apply for a long leave and think about it behind closed doors. The news reached ***, and ** did not respond directly, but through Li Weihan's instructions, telling Liang Shuming that he could attend meetings and activities as needed, but he could also freely choose whether to participate or not.
Liang accepted this suggestion and began to actively reflect on his mistakes.
After reflecting on his mistakes, Liang Shuming decided to study at home and no longer go out. During Kim Il Sung's visit to China, he held a banquet and invited people from democratic parties to attend, and Liang Shuming also received an invitation.
However, he believed that his mistake was serious and had to be taken seriously, so he did not attend the event. Despite the criticism, he still stood by his decision. Since then, Liang Shuming is still a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and his salary is still paid without any punishment, which fully reflects his broad-mindedness.
Liang Shuming joined the CPPCC after reflection, and his mood gradually improved when he saw that the country's industrialization achievements were becoming more and more significant, and the peasants were not seriously harmed by the priority development of heavy industry.
During the inspection of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in 1956, he witnessed the peasants' life under the leadership of the Communist Party getting better and better, so he expressed his deep admiration for the CCP and the Communist Party.
He even named his grandson "Liang Qindong" in 1960 to express his admiration for ***. This proves that Liang Shuming's public criticism did not affect his feelings for ***, but increased his admiration for ***.
In 1986, at the age of 94, Mr. Liang Shuming recalled the incident more than 30 years ago and admitted that he was too arrogant, did not take into account the prestige of ***, and confronted him in public, causing *** to say radical words.
He believes that if this is considered to be a matter of willfulness and out of control, it is also because he is the first to contradict the front, and then there is *** criticism later. In his 90s, Mr. Leung is still reflecting on his mistakes, which fully demonstrates the great impact of this incident on him and his deep respect for the chairman.
In 1976, Mr. Liang Shuming was very sad in the days of mourning him, because he believed that China had lost a great leader, and his bearing and character would always remain in his heart.