At present, organoids have evolved from basic research to drug development and precision**. It has developed rapidly in the fields of disease modeling, drug development, oncology research, regenerative medicine, and precision medicine. Organoids are highly functional and structurally similar to organs in vivo, making them widely used in developmental biology and disease modeling. Traditional 2D cell models and model animals are difficult to construct human-specific disease models such as immunity, metabolism, infection, CNS, and rare diseases, and the emergence of organoids just makes up for this shortcoming. Organoids provide a cost-effective platform for drug screening and drug susceptibility testing, which is expected to shorten the time for new drug development and screen drugs with better effects on diseases.
An organoid model is a 3D cell culture system that reproduces the complex spatial morphology of differentiated tissues and is capable of exhibiting cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions. Ideally, organoids have similar physiological responses to differentiated tissues in vivo. Compared with the traditional 2D cell culture model, 3D organoids can form "micro-organs" with specific functions, which can better simulate the occurrence process and physiological and pathological state of organs and tissues, so the application prospect is very broad.
Since 2009, when Hans Clevers et al. cultivated the first intestinal organoids using adult stem cells from the mouse intestine, research in the field of organoids has continued. From the search results of "organoid" in the pubmed database, it can be seen that organoid research has advanced by leaps and bounds in the past five years, and the number of related articles remains high. Organoid research can be combined with brain science, vascular function, cancer and other fields to produce the effect of "1+1 2", which will surely become a hot spot for the declaration and research of national nature.
At present, a variety of organoids have been successfully constructed, such as small intestine, stomach, esophagus, brain, liver, kidney, pancreas, heart, etc. It includes not only normal organ tissue organoids, but also corresponding tumor tissue organoids, such as colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioma, cervical cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, etc.
Cytokines play an important role in the culture of organoids. The addition of cytokines to the medium facilitates cell differentiation and proliferation, and promotes the formation of organoids. For example, EGF can promote intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, Noggin keeps stem cells in an undifferentiated state and promotes proliferation, and R-Spondin-1 specifically promotes the ability of intestinal stem cell proliferation. FGF2 was added to pluripotent stem cell (PSC) culture to construct a brain organoid model. Cytokines such as FGF2, FGF19, and SDF1 are added to the cerebellar organoid culture used to study spinocerebellar ataxia diseases.
In 2022, a research team from Fudan University and the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences successfully constructed an organoid culture system that mimics human thyroid function, in which the EGF cytokines used for organoid culture are from Sino Biological. In 2022, a joint research team from Huazhong University of Science and Technology and others constructed colorectal cancer organoids in the study of the effect of 5-FU on colorectal cancer**, among which cytokines such as RSPO1, NOG, and EGF came from Sino Biological. In 2023, a research team from Fudan University used RSPO1 purchased from Sino Biological in the process of constructing colorectal cancer organoids.
Human fetal thyroid organoid culture
Human fetal thyroid organoid culture process and immunofluorescence double labeling detection results. **
Colorectal cancer organoid culture
**Response of colorectal cancer organoids to 5-fu on Day 0 and Day 24. (a) 5-fu-sensitive organoids; (b) Organoids tolerant to 5-fu. **
b) different morphologies of MCRC organoid culture processes; (c) Histopathological characteristics of the primary tumor and patient-derived organoids. Sino Biological's products help organoid culture: RSPO1, NOG, EGF. **
1. jianqing liang, et al. modeling human thyroid development by fetal tissue-derived organoid culture. advanced science, 2022.
2. lifeng chen, et al. molecular biomarker of drug resistance developed from patientderived organoids predicts survival of colorectal cancer patients. front. oncol, 2022. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.855674
3. xingfeng he, et al. patient-derived organoids as a platform for drug screening in metastatic colorectal cancer. front. bioeng. biotechnol. ,2023. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1190637