Sun Yat-sen died of liver cancer.
Sun Yat-sen, the great pioneer of the Chinese revolution, left us with cancer in Beijing in 1925, before the revolution was fully victorious. For a long time, whether it was reported or officially identified, it was believed that Sun Yat-sen died of liver cancer.
However, in recent years, some public information has revealed that the real cause of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's death was not liver cancer. So, what exactly caused Dr. Sun Yat-sen's untimely death?
Let's explore this historical mystery together.
Sun Yat-sen, born in Guangdong in 1866, was determined to practice medicine and save lives. However, seeing the dire situation of the Chinese nation, he resolutely gave up his medical skills and chose to embark on the road of revolution.
At first, Sun Yat-sen was influenced by Zheng Guanying's reformist ideas and hoped that the Qing Dynasty would carry out "top-down" reforms under the leadership of Li Hongzhang. However, when he saw with his own eyes the corruption and incompetence of the Qing **, he decided to overthrow the Qing ** and establish a democratic **.
After that, Sun Yat-sen founded the Xingzhong Society and the China Alliance Association, and launched many uprisings, although the uprisings failed because of the lack of mass base and poor organization, but the unremitting struggle of the revolutionaries dealt a heavy blow to the Qing ** and greatly encouraged the Chinese people.
After the Xinhai Revolution, Sun Yat-sen was elected as the Provisional Congress of China, and he continued to lead the Second Revolution and the Northern Expedition, resolutely defended the republican system, and made outstanding contributions to the liberation of the Chinese nation.
In terms of revolutionary thought, Sun Yat-sen first advocated "expelling the Tatars, restoring China, establishing the first place, and equalizing land rights", and on this basis, he further put forward the Three People's Principles.
Subsequently, in the process of "uniting Russia and accommodating the Communist Party," he put forward three major policies: "uniting Russia, uniting the Communist Party, and supporting peasants and workers." These three policies are the core political propositions of Sun Yat-sen, and they are also the important guiding ideology for the national democratic revolution he advocated from setbacks to success.
In the early days of the revolution, Sun Yat-sen tried to get support and assistance from capitalist countries such as Japan, Britain, France, and the United States, but the results were all disappointing. As a result, he gradually realized that in order to achieve China's independence and prosperity, it was necessary to first overthrow imperialism.
In his later years, Dr. Sun Yat-sen resolutely fought against imperialism, but the revolution failed and he unfortunately passed away. Before his death, he left behind three wills, among which in the "State Testament" he issued the call that still inspires people today: "The revolution has not yet succeeded, comrades still need to work." ”
The Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum was completed in 1929, and Dr. Sun Yat-sen's body was moved from Beijing to Nanjing for burial in the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum for future generations to pay respects to. However, many people may wonder why Sun Yat-sen founded the "Whampoa Military Academy" in Guangzhou in 1924 to lay the foundation for the establishment of a revolutionary army.
In order to save China, Mr. Sun Yat-sen accepted the invitation of Feng Yuxiang and other warlords to go to Beijing to discuss the country's plans. In October 1924, Feng Yuxiang, Zhang Zuolin, Duan Qirui and others invited Mr. Sun Yat-sen to go north to discuss national affairs.
Sun Yat-sen readily agreed, and put forward proposals such as abolishing unequal treaties and convening a national assembly, hoping to build a more just and equitable new China.
Dr. Sun Yat-sen left Guangzhou in November and arrived in Tianjin via Shanghai and Japan. However, he fell ill during the journey north, and although his condition improved after initially being conservative**, his condition deteriorated again during his stay in Tianjin.
So, Dr. Schmidt suggested that he go to Beijing for surgery, and Dr. Sun Yat-sen and his team accepted his suggestion. At 4 p.m. on December 31, Sun Yat-sen and his entourage arrived in Beijing and were warmly welcomed by the masses.
He got out of the car with a strong spirit, greeted everyone with a smile, and then stayed at the Beijing Hotel. Following Dr. Schmidt's advice, Sun Yat-sen went to Beijing for an examination. Originally, the doctor planned to perform surgery, but Dr. Sun Yat-sen was only willing to be conservative**, which worked well in the early days.
However, after January 20, 1925, Dr. Sun Yat-sen's condition suddenly deteriorated, and his body temperature and pulse were abnormal and irregular. Subsequently, he began to develop more severe conditions, with yellow halos in his eyes and inability to eat.
After a thorough examination of Sun Yat-sen, Dr. Kerry came up with the diagnosis of "pus" in the liver, and found that it had affected other internal organs, so immediate surgery was required**.
Under the strong persuasion of the public, Sun Yat-sen finally agreed to undergo surgery. For this surgery, ** has given great attention. The chief surgeon was the American doctor Tai Leer, and Liu Ruiheng, who was the dean of the company at that time, personally served as a surgical assistant.
In addition, German doctors Schmidt, Kerry, and many others were on hand to assist. It is rumored that for the sake of this operation, the hospital also made an exception to allow Sun Yat-sen's sons Sun Ke, Wang Jingwei, Kong Xiangxi and others to enter the operating room**.
On the afternoon of January 26, 1925, the operation officially began.
After examining Sun Yat-sen's body, the doctors found that his condition was very serious. His cirrhosis was at an advanced stage, and the cancer had spread to his liver and other organs.
The doctors were very frustrated because it meant that if surgery was to be done to remove the cancer cells, Sun Yat-sen might not even be able to get off the operating table. In this case, the doctors decided to take a conservative ** regimen.
They sucked out part of the pus from Sun Yat-sen's body, and after doing some simple **, they immediately sutured it. It was believed that Dr. Sun Yat-sen had liver cancer and that the cancer had spread.
A few days after the operation, Sun Yat-sen's condition was relieved, probably because the pus was sucked out. However, soon his condition deteriorated again.
After the surgery, Dr. Sun Yat-sen's concept changed, from his previous resistance to surgery** to his determination to actively participate in the disease**. After fully understanding his condition, Sun Yat-sen gladly accepted radium ingot radiation**.
However, after more than 40 hours and a total of ** days**, Sun Yat-sen's condition did not improve significantly. On February 17, 1925, Liu Ruiheng, on behalf of ***, officially informed Kong Xiangxi and Sun Yat-sen's family that after a comprehensive examination, Sun Yat-sen was suffering from an advanced liver cancer and had little hope of survival.
The next day, Song Qingling and others picked up Sun Yat-sen and discharged him from the hospital and arranged for him to recuperate in Tieshi Hutong. At that time, Dr. Sun Yat-sen's secretariat said that Dr. Sun Yat-sen needed to concentrate on recuperation, and all visitors only inquired about his illness and did not involve major state affairs.
Therefore, although Dr. Sun Yat-sen's original intention was to go north to "discuss the state of the country", in fact he did not have enough time in Beijing to discuss military and national affairs with Feng Yuxiang and others.
During Sun Yat-sen's recuperation, the elders of the Kuomintang visited him many times, and together with Soong Ching-ling, persuaded Sun Yat-sen to try traditional Chinese medicine**. Sun Yat-sen was a Western medicine and had always been skeptical of Chinese medicine, but under the circumstances at that time, he could only "treat a dead horse as a live horse doctor".
So, Wang Jingwei invited Lu Zhong'an, a famous Chinese medicine doctor in Beijing, to be Sun Yat-sen**. At the beginning, after Sun Yat-sen took traditional Chinese medicine, his condition improved, he slept more soundly, his feet were no longer swollen, and his complexion was better.
However, just after he took the third dose of Chinese medicine, Sun Yat-sen suddenly developed severe diarrhea, and the stool was abnormally black.
After treating Dr. Sun Yat-sen, Dr. Kerry pointed out that Chinese medicine only temporarily relieved his pain, but did not touch the root of his disease. Later, Sun Yat-sen tried the ** of a famous Chinese medicine doctor in Shanghai, but the effect was not ideal, and even caused difficulties in excretion.
As a result, Sun Yat-sen eventually abandoned traditional Chinese medicine**. In March, a doctor recommended a new drug called "Carlmen", and although Sun Yat-sen's pulse and breathing improved after 5 consecutive injections, the ascites continued to increase, indicating that the drug's efficacy was not satisfactory, and in the end** it was also unsuccessful.
On March 12, 1925, Sun Yat-sen unfortunately died. It was widely reported that the cause of his death was liver cancer, but this claim has recently been disproved. There are reports that according to Sun Yat-sen's autopsy report, the true cause of his death was revealed.
As early as 2013, reports about the cause of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's death pointed to gallbladder cancer rather than liver cancer, but this news did not attract widespread public attention until 2016.
The year 2016 marks the 150th anniversary of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's birth and the 91st anniversary of his death. Among the many exhibits, an autopsy report revealed the true cause of Sun Yat-sen's death.
In early May 2016, Dr. Barth was invited to visit the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center and visited the relevant exhibitions at the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall.
According to records at the time, the day after Dr. Sun Yat-sen's death, his body was sent to Beijing*** Although Soong Ching Ling and others resisted this, they finally agreed to the hospital to conduct an autopsy, but only allowed the doctor to prepare a slice of tumor tissue and did not allow any organ to be removed.
Through the autopsy and recording of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's body, Dr. Kashi diagnosed that the cause of death may be gallbladder cancer, which has spread to the liver, diaphragm, lungs, colon wall, etc., and caused multiple strictures in the colon.
At the same time, Dr. Sun Yat-sen also suffered from cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, atherosclerosis and other diseases, as well as emphysema, ascites, pulmonary edema and other abnormalities. According to the preserved cases, Mr. Sun Yat-sen's gallbladder was "as hard as a stone" during his illness.
Therefore, Dr. Bart and Dr. Tan Kit believe that Dr. Sun Yat-sen did not die of liver cancer, but of gallbladder cancer or bile duct cancer, which ultimately led to the spread of cancer and ineffective treatment.
Whatever the possibility, the real cause of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's death was not liver cancer.
The two doctors believed that Dr. Sun Yat-sen's metastasis was more in line with the characteristics of gallbladder cancer than liver cancer. In addition, "inactive cholecystitis" and "cholelithiasis" are both diseases related to gallbladder cancer, so it is highly likely that Dr. Sun Yat-sen will die of gallbladder cancer.
Although it has been reported that Dr. Sun Yat-sen has pancreatic cancer, this is not supported by evidence and may just be a misunderstanding or misinformation. Why did Mr. Sun Yat-sen say that he died of liver cancer when he died?
It may be because during his first operation, Dr. Tai Leer found that Mr. Sun Yat-sen's liver had a large tumor that had spread into the abdominal cavity, so people paid attention to his liver and ignored the real **.
Unfortunately, we are not in a position to determine exactly the cause of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's death. Due to the wishes of the family, the autopsy process was relatively simple and the biopsy information obtained was very limited.
Although we could have comprehensively judged the cause of Mr. Sun Yat-sen's death through the medical record information, it is a pity that the medical record of Mr. Sun Yat-sen in Beijing is only 13 pages, accounting for only a small part of his medical record.
Most of the medical records were "borrowed" by the Japanese as early as 1942, and have not yet been returned, and we have no way of knowing the real situation of that year, only the "IOU" of the Japanese in the big iron cabinet remains, reminding us that the Japanese still owe us a lot.
The Japanese had planned to display Dr. Sun Yat-sen's internal organs, but the family did not agree, so they could only show the only tumor tissue section allowed during the autopsy process, which was eventually saved in Dr. Sun Yat-sen's coffin and sent to Nanjing.
However, in retrospect, it no longer matters what kind of cancer Mr. Sun Yat-sen died of, because his life was dedicated to the revolution and left us with a priceless spiritual wealth.