In the TV series "Kangxi Dynasty", Yao Qisheng's passage of assisting Kangxi to recover Taiwan is undoubtedly one of the best parts of the whole work.
In the play, Yao Qisheng offered advice to Kangxi: the court platform should be based on political strategy, supplemented by strategy, and the two should be combined. The imperial court should adhere to the "three musts" for Taiwan
1.Zheng Jing and others are lonely overseas, and they have long had the intention of splitting the island as a frontier and establishing another dynasty, so they must be suppressed"Cut out their hearts".
2.Taiwan's sailors are so unscrupulous because their sailors are better than the big clear water divisions, and the second must be suppressed"Suppress its soldiers".
3.Taiwan's barbaric land is short of both silver and food, and both military and civilian use rely on trade with the mainland, so these three must be suppressed"Suppress its land and sea".
Among them, the "cutting off the sea route" led to the reason why all the coastal soldiers and civilians in the "five prefectures and thirteen counties" of Fujian were moved, which is the famous "relocation and prohibition of the sea".
As a work of art, TV dramas are inevitably interpreted, in fact, Yao Qisheng is not the one who proposed the relocation and prohibition of the sea, not only that, but he is also an opponent of the relocation and prohibition of the sea.
According to historical records, during the Shunzhi period, someone clearly proposed to move the border and ban the sea.
For example, Huang Wu, the Duke of Haicheng, played the imperial court and secretly displayed the "Five Strategies for Exterminating Thieves", the first of which is: The real reason why the Zheng family has been able to persist to this day is that the people along the coast have taken risks, "the things of grain, oil, iron and mast ships are not helped", "if the coastal residents from Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong migrate into the interior, set up borders, and arrange defenses."Defeat itself
For example, Fang Xinghuan also gave advice: There is a shortage of everything on the island, and the supplies are all from the transportation of my coastal residents. If the people of the coast are moved into the interior, "the land is drawn as a boundary, and the prohibition is still enforced, and the offenders will sit to death", then the island will lose its supplies**, and even if they come to plunder, they will gain nothing, so they will"If a baby is weaned, he will die of starvation. ”
From this we can also see:The real relocation and prohibition of the sea is not only the five provinces and thirteen counties along the coast of Fujian, but involves a province, and the population involved is by no means 1.18 million, but more.
The reason is very simple: With the maneuverability of the naval division, it is completely possible to reach most of China's coastline, and the relocation of Fujian Province alone to prohibit the sea will not play a role, and only the coastal provinces will strictly enforce it at the same time to be effective.
How much will the people have to move to the border? There doesn't seem to be an explanation in the TV series, some of the historical materials say that they moved 30 miles to the mainland, some say 40 miles, and some are 50 miles or even more than 200 miles, just 30 miles, five or six provinces combined, what scale of land abandonment will this cause? How many people will lose their homes?
According to the records of Du Zhen, the Ministry of Industry of the Kangxi Dynasty, after the implementation of the relocation and sea ban, Guangdong Province alone was barren with 31,692 hectares of land because of the relocation and sea ban, and the figure in Fujian was 25,940 hectaresThe two provinces have a total of 5,759,600 acres! And that's just two provinces, and the numbers are already so staggering.
Therefore, as soon as the proposal was proposed, many ministers opposed it, and they thought that it was really a good idea to move the people and take the initiative to give up a large area of land along the coast.
For example, when the governor of Guangdong, Wang Lai, came to office, he was opposed"Shrink the land and move the people, abandon its door and guard the mystery, and the ministers have not heard of it. ”
Admiral of the Fujian NavyShi LangHe also objected to itWhy bother to demarcate a large area of land on the border of the five provinces for the sake of Zheng Jing, the "remnant" who is entrenched on the island? Since ancient times, emperors have ruled, and if they get a land, they will keep a land, how can they have a vested feud and abandon it?
The military nobles of the Manchu Qing Dynasty were afraid of naval battles, seeing that the world was in a big deal, and they just wanted to enjoy wealth and nobility, and they did not mind sacrificing the interests and even lives of some coastal people for this.
In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi, Emperor Shunzhi said in his edict: In the past, because Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and other provinces, the Zheng family often came to invade, so the people were not at peace, so "I ordered the relocation to the hinterland, in order to protect the people's livelihood." ”
The ** who implemented the relocation and ban on the sea also said to the people: Haikou often haunts and robs your property, and the emperor wants you to move to the mainland to avoid its edge for the sake of your net worth and life.
But is that really the case?
According to the Rongcheng Chronicle, on the day the order to move the border and ban the sea was issued, ordinary people with their wives and children on their backs were all over the road, and their houses were burned down, leaving no stone behind. During the migration,"More than half of the people died, and the pillow was painted".。The survivors rushed to the interior without a single ration, and starvation was imminent.
The Chronicle of the Pu Revolution records that the common people were ordered to move, their houses were destroyed, the walls were torn down, and "the people crushed the dead." Soon, the place became a no-man's land, and the government ordered the trees to be cut down, and the fruit trees planted by the common people, and the pine and cypress trees that were hugged together were all cut down.
Some of the people who moved to the interior committed suicide by poisoning their families, and some of them threw all their money into the river. Young adults can go to the army, and the old can only fill in the ravines. "There is no way to make a living, there is no way to eat, and there is nowhere to sell yourself. Tossing and turning, miserable. ”
In the first year of Kangxi, Li Ke described the results of the one-year relocation and sea ban to Hu Xining, in which he wrote that as far as he knew, more than 8,500 people had died in Fujian, and I don't know how many more died without reporting.
Li Shutai, the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, wrote to Kangxi in his suicide note: When I was in Guangdong before, the people were still dependent on survival, and recently because of migration"Ten do not exist".
It can be seen that the Qing ** only knew about the forced relocation, and there were almost no arrangements for the aftermath of the resettlement, which caused the death of a large number of people.
Moving the border and forbidding the sea was a complete nightmare for the people along the coast, and thousands of miles of fertile soil were given to basil weeds, making "ghosts resentful and fearful, and mountains and valleys angry".
Moreover, the relocation of the border to the sea has dealt a huge blow to the coastal economy, and its losses are quite huge. Wang Lairen, governor of Guangdong, once said that Guangdong Province alone will lose more than 300,000 taels of taxes every year, not including salt, fish, and commercial taxes. If this is true for one province, what about five provinces and six provinces?
The losses of the imperial court were so great, how did they respond? The answer is to order the people in the realm to pay compensation. Not only will the people outside the realm suffer, but the people inside will also be unlucky.
Even more severe was that the government issued a strict ban on all civilians who dared to cross the border.
At that time, a notice board was hung on the border, which read: "Those who dare to go out of the realm will be killed" and "If you cross the boundary a few steps, you will be killed".
At that time, there was a thousand general manager named Zhang An in Putian County, when he was patrolling the border, he only carried a knife, and he would kill every person, and in ten years, he killed thousands of people.
After some people settled down at the border, the livestock and poultry they raised did not know the road, and after crossing the border, the people ran to catch them, and if they were caught, they would die.
Guangdong Xinyu records that Guangdong has a border of more than 3,000 miles from Dahumen in the east to Fangcheng in the west, and the people will be killed once they cross the border"I don't know how to go"., the author sighed:"Since the existence of eastern Guangdong, the disaster of life is nothing worse than this. ”
Regarding the difficulties caused by the relocation and sea ban to the people, the TV series "Kangxi Dynasty" also showed that in order to resist this policy, the people angrily dug Yao Qisheng's ancestral grave, but Yao Qisheng still had no regrets and endured the infamy to continue to implement his policy of moving the border and banning the sea.
What the director wants to express here is nothing more than the people's disregard for the overall situation and Yao Qisheng's selflessness and fearlessness.
But we have to ask: is it important to preserve the bones of the dead, or is it important to preserve the lives of the living? The people suffered this great calamity for no reason, how did their resistance become ignorant and vexatious? And those who regard the people as mustard and don't care about the lives of the people, how did they become selfless and long-term?
There is another thing we should pay attention to: such a strict relocation ban on the sea will inevitably lead to the interruption of the coastal area. From the 18th year of Shunzhi to the more than 20 years of Kangxi, China's maritime road has been cut off for more than 20 years! And how much is the economic loss? And how many historical regrets have been caused?
Some people may say that the loss of moving the border and banning the sea is very large, but the effect is still there, after all, Taiwan was finally recovered. Is this really the case?
According to the records of the Outer Chronicles of Taiwan, Zheng Jing faced the relocation and forbidden sea of the Qing Dynasty, and sent soldiers to land in the mountains many times, cut down trees, and build ships"Don't send merchant ships to various ports, buy ship materials at multiple prices, carry them to Taiwan, build foreign bird ships, load white deer skins and other things, go up to Japan, and sell Siam, Cochin, and Tokyo to rich countries. Since then, Taiwan has been flourishing, and the market has been rampant, and the mainland is not allowed. ”
In the TV series, Yao Qisheng's so-called "suppressing its sea routes" is premised on the premise that "Taiwan is a barbaric land, lacking both silver and food, and whether it is military or civilian, it all depends on trade with the mainland". This is completely inconsistent with historical facts.
First of all, it is completely wrong to say that "military and civilian use rely entirely on trade with the mainland." As cited above, Zheng's sea route has long been able to connect Southeast Asian countries, Japan, Siam, Cochin ......Moreover, China has never been a simple land country, during the Song and Ming dynasties, how developed was China's maritime **?
Secondly, is Taiwan a "wild land lacking in silver and food"? After Taiwan was recovered, Shi Lang personally went to the island to inspect and reported to KangxiOn the island, "wild fertile soil plaster, the product is profitable, the mulberry is coupled, the fishing salt breeds, the mountains are full of lush trees, and the bamboo is cultivated everywhere." Sulfur, water vines, sugar cane, deer skins, and all the necessities of daily use, all ......And the sails are ......”
It can be seen that the relocation and prohibition of the sea is a complete failure, not only causing great pain and disaster to the people, but also bringing all kinds of difficulties and problems to the Qing Dynasty and China, and for Zheng, the relocation of the Qing Dynasty and the sea is to take the initiative to give up a large area of coastal land, which is "to give me a pastoral garden, and to give me a save", which is completely stupid.
In the 23rd year of Kangxi, the reason why Taiwan was able to return to the mainland has its own historical inevitability and many reasons, but these reasons do not include the relocation of the border and the ban on the sea.