Vietnam is China's southern neighbor, and historically, Vietnam and China have had a very complex relationship, with both close and war-torn relations between the two countries. In 221 BC, Qin Shi Huang unified the Huaxia region, and then 500,000 Qin troops and their entourage entered the Shanyue tribal area south of Wuling, successfully controlling the local area and establishing county power.
Many people say that it was because the tribes in the south were relatively strong that Qin Shi Huang sent 500,000 Qin troops to Lingnan, but in fact it was not. At that time, there was no large-scale development in the southern region, especially in Vietnam, which was still only a primeval forest, only a few primitive tribes existed, there was neither writing nor a decent army, and there was no so-called political power.
In the later dynasties, Vietnam sometimes became a county of the ancient Chinese dynasty, and sometimes became a vassal state of the ancient Chinese dynasty, like the Central Plains Dynasty called the minister Nagong. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Vietnamese wrote Chinese characters and learned Chinese, whether it was from customs, clothing, official system, and architecture, all copied Chinese culture.
After the Industrial Revolution, Western countries carried out large-scale colonial expansion, China was reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society at this time, and Vietnam was completely reduced to a colony of the French. After the outbreak of the Pacific War, Vietnam became a Japanese colony.
After the end of World War II, the French, who had behaved badly during World War II, came back and wanted to continue colonizing Vietnam, but they were met with fierce resistance from the Vietnamese people led by Ho Chi Minh. In 1949, the founding of the People's Republic of China gave the Vietnamese people the dawn of victory. In 1950, after learning that the Second Field and Fourth Corps led by Chen Geng had liberated Kunming, Ho Chi Minh traveled for more than ten days to China to seek Chinese assistance.
In order to help the Vietnamese people achieve national independence, China provided great assistance to Vietnam, and a military advisory group headed by Chen Geng and Wei Guoqing went to Vietnam to specifically command the Vietnamese army to fight, and won a series of victories such as the victory in Dien Bien Phu. In order to improve the military quality of Vietnamese officers and men, China also asked Vietnam to send officers to study at military academies in Nanjing and Guilin, while the Chinese side bore all the expenses.
Only in the Vietnamese-French war of 1950-1954, New China was the only country that provided military assistance to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, including 11 guns of various kindsMore than 60,000 pieces, 420 artillery pieces of various types, and countless supporting military equipment. In order to show its support for Vietnam, China even secretly "handed over" Nightingale Island, which belonged to China, to Vietnam, and later "Nightingale Island" became "Bailongwei Island", resulting in the traditional Chinese fishing grounds in the Beibu Gulf being returned to Vietnam, and hundreds of thousands of fishermen will lose their jobs.
Later, the French withdrew from North Vietnam, and the American power quickly infiltrated and replaced the French. By March 1967, the number of U.S. troops in South Vietnam had reached 560,000, and there were also 7 teams from Australia, New Zealand, and South KoreaMore than 20,000 people, causing the entire northern region of Vietnam to be filled with gunsmoke.
During the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Vietnam, China provided greater assistance to Vietnam, and from 1965 to 1974 alone, China provided Vietnam with various types of firearms.17780,000, 60,000 guns, 176 ships, 552 tanks, 320 armored vehicles, more than 170 aircraft, and 1 car60,000 units, 11.17 million sets of military uniforms. It can be said that China undertook all the supplies of North Vietnam, from aircraft missiles, oil, to rice, white flour, and canned food, and for decades, cars and trains from China to Vietnam were not interrupted.
At that time, China even provided 50,000 units to Vietnam when the Type 56 submachine gun and Type 56 semi-automatic rifle that had just been finalized and produced were not equipped with the PLA. China also sent 320,000 antiaircraft artillery, engineering, radar, aviation, and other units to resist US aggression and aid Vietnam, and now more than 1,400 officers and soldiers are still sleeping on Vietnamese soil.
But after the Americans withdrew their troops from Vietnam in 1975 and Vietnam achieved national reunification, it quickly turned against China. In fact, the contradictions between Vietnam and China can be seen as early as the end of World War II.
After the end of World War II, when the squadron entered northern Vietnam to hold the surrender ceremony of the Japanese army, Ho Chi Minh's sensitive nerves were touched. In order to allow the squadron to withdraw as soon as possible, Ho Chi Minh kept frantically urging China to withdraw its troops on the one hand, and on the other hand, he secretly signed an agreement with the French army, trying to exchange the French garrison for the evacuation of the squadron. Ho Chi Minh did not expect that the French would not leave Vietnam, and finally had to ask China to help Vietnam resist the French invasion.
In 1975, the Americans withdrew from Vietnam, and it took the North Vietnamese army just a few months to defeat South Vietnam and unify the whole of Vietnam. After the reunification of Vietnam, it quickly invaded China's islands and reefs in the South China Sea and began to invade neighboring countries. In order to realize its aggressive intentions, Vietnam found a country, and that was the Soviet Union.
At that time, the Soviet Union had millions of soldiers in northern China, and relations with China were very tense. After learning that Vietnam wanted to get closer to itself, the Soviet Union immediately agreed to Vietnam's request in order to put pressure on China. At the same time, Vietnam has also continued to encroach on China's border territory, confiscating the assets of overseas Chinese in Vietnam, and expelling overseas Chinese.
Vietnam's actions have caused strong indignation in China, and of course in Southeast Asian countries, in this case, ** began to visit neighboring countries, and received commitments from several countries, Thailand also said that China could use Thai airspace to transport supplies to Cambodia.
Finally, in order to get the support of the United States, let the United States help contain the Soviet Union, and visit the United States. On January 1, 1979, China and the United States established diplomatic relations, and only 27 days later, ** rushed to the United States for a visit, in order to let the United States contain the Soviet Union. When asked about the policy toward Vietnam, Carter said in calm and relaxed language: "Children are disobedient and want to be spanked." "And by this time, there are already 2250,000 PLA troops gathered in the Sino-Vietnamese border area, just waiting for an order.
On February 5, 1979, ** ended his visit to the United States, and 12 days later, the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam officially began.
On February 17, 1979, the ** Military Commission appointed General Xu Shiyou, commander of the Guangzhou Military Region, as the commander-in-chief of the Guangxi Frontier Force on the Eastern Front, commanding the 149th Army of the Eastern Front and the 50th Army owed to the 149th Division; General Yang Dezhi, commander of the Wuhan Military Region, was appointed commander of the Kunming Military Region to command the 1st Army of the Western Front Group and the 149th Division of the 50th Army to carry out a self-defense counterattack against Vietnam.
Nearly 30 infantry divisions and 774 air force planes were dispatched to patrol the border areas. The Air Force's antiaircraft artillery and ground-to-air missile units are responsible for airfield-to-air defense, and the Navy's South China Sea Fleet has assembled more than 120 warships of various types and more than 170 naval aviation combat planes in various ports west of Chuandao in the Beibu Gulf to be on standby for action.
The entire process of self-defense and counterattack against Vietnam was not long, and it took only 28 days to end the fighting, and Vietnam was beaten from beginning to end. The mountainous areas of northern Vietnam were all conquered, and further south was the Red River Delta, which was undefendable, and was well suited to Chinese mechanized forces. However, taking into account the changes in the international environment, the squadron retreated after conquering Lang Son.