In March 1897, China's first underground power cable was put into use in Shanghai, and the 2,700-meter-long rubber insulated lead-sheathed lighting cable used that year was an imported product. It was not until forty-two years later (1939) that the first domestic cable was produced in Kunming (cable factory). Before 1949, there were only more than 2,000 employees in the wire and cable industry, about 500 sets of production equipment, and the highest annual copper consumption was only 6,500 tons. Among them, Kunming, Shanghai, Tianjin, Shenyang four wire factories share 5,700 tons of copper, accounting for 87 percent of the country's output7%, the wire and cable industry is developing slowly. It was not until the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 that China's wire and cable industry developed rapidly.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the wire and cable industry developed rapidly, and the conductor volume reached 1530,000 tons, which was 263 times.
During the "First Five-Year Plan" period, the wire and cable industry began to develop healthily in a planned manner. In 1953, there were 6 wire and cable factories directly under the Ministry of Machinery, including Kunming, Shenyang, Tianjin, Shanghai, Xiangtan and Harbin. Among them, Shenyang Wire Factory is one of the national key construction projects, which was expanded with the aid of the Soviet Union, and was renamed Shenyang Cable Factory in 1956. Shanghai Electric Wire Factory expanded the workshop, insulated wire workshop and prepared to build a cable workshop, and changed its name to Shanghai Cable Factory in 1957. Tianjin Electric Wire Factory imported Hungarian wire drawing machines and enameled machines, built a new enameled wire workshop, and in 1963, it was transferred back to the Ministry of Electronics Industry and renamed 609 Factory.
At the same time, the state gradually carried out socialist transformation of the rapidly developing private wire factories, and took rectification measures against the phenomena of duplicate products, backward technology, and poor quality at that time. Shanghai merged 105 private factories into 18 central factories, Tianjin merged 65 private factories into 10 cable factories, Beijing merged 17 factories into Beijing Wire Factory, Guangzhou merged 18 factories into Guangzhou Wire Factory, Wuhan merged 3 factories into Wuhan Wire Factory, and Fuzhou merged 10 factories into Fuzhou Rubber Wire Factory. Through the reorganization of joint ventures, the level of technology and governance has been improved, and the development of production has been promoted.
In order to solve the problem of special equipment for the wire and cable industry, the private Shanghai Xinye Iron Factory was reorganized into a public-private joint venture Shanghai Xinye Electrical Machinery Factory, which mainly produced 221 sets of wire and cable special equipment from 1952 to 1957.
In order to carry out scientific research and design work combining scientific research, process design and process equipment design, Shanghai Cable Research and Design Office was established in Shanghai in October 1957, which is engaged in the research and design of wire and cable products, new materials and new processes, process design of cable factories, design of special cable equipment and selection and finalization of complete sets of equipment, and serves as an information center for the rear of layout technology and wire and cable industry.
In order to improve the level of enterprise governance, on the basis of learning from the Soviet Union's corporate governance, Shenyang Cable Factory compiled the "Production Organization Design" of continuous operation enterprises. Subsequently, Shanghai Cable Factory formulated the working procedures and methods of production operation plan, material cost quota accounting, new product trial production, and production technology preparation. Other major factories have also carried out planning, production, technology, governance and economic accounting work, so that the level of corporate governance has improved.
In 1958, wire and cable factories around the country competed for development, and built five large-scale cable factories in Zhengzhou, Xi'an, Lanxi, and Guiyang, and at the same time, expanded three factories in Xiangtan, Kunming and Shanghai on a large scale. After the construction of Zhengzhou Cable Factory started in 1959 and completed the civil works of the cable workshop, it continued to build after the design scale was revised in 1963. Xi'an cable factory by the Harbin wire factory to participate in the construction, in 1959 to complete the communication cable, magnet wire workshop civil engineering and production of some products, that is, in 1962 to stop production and slow construction, and then build a copper mesh workshop and put into operation. In 1965, it moved from Shenyang Cable Factory to the communication cable workshop, and was put into production in that year, making communication cable the product development direction.
From 1958 to 1962, Shanghai Cable Factory built a new rolling workshop, a cable workshop, a communication cable workshop and expanded the cable workshop, and the production capacity was greatly expanded. In 1959, Xiangtan Cable Factory expanded at the new site, magnet wire workshop, and in 1964, it developed the production of magnet wire, plastic, rubber sheath, mining and marine cables. Kunming Cable Factory expanded in 1958, magnet wire workshop, cable workshop, construction was stopped in 1961. In 1960, Shenyang Cable Factory built a cable workshop, and Harbin Electric Wire Factory expanded the rolling and drawing aluminum wire workshop. Plant 609 was also expanded during this period.
During this period, a number of small and medium-sized wire factories established on the basis of joint venture reorganization, such as wire factories in Wuxi, Wuhan, Tianjin, Beijing, Qingdao and other places, some were expanded, and some were relocated to build factories. In addition, Chongqing, Hengyang, Foshan, Nanning, Kaifeng, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Xi'an, Wuhu, Beijing, Xingtai, Yuci, Liaoyuan, Harbin and other places have set up many wire factories, magnet wire factories, wire rod factories. The Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications and Railways has also established some wire and cable factories.
During this period, some cable accessories factories were also developed, such as Wuhan Cable Accessories Factory, Changsha Cable Accessories Factory, Wuxi Plastic Products Factory, Shanghai Wuning Hardware Factory, etc.
In 1958, Shanghai Cable Research and Design Office was renamed Shanghai Cable Research Institute. 1959 In 1960, various laboratories and machine workshops were built, and civil works of high-voltage buildings were completed. In 1961, the military high-frequency and submarine communication cables were transferred back to the 10th Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense, and later developed into the 1423 Research Institute.
The number of wire and cable factories increased from 136 in 1958 to 44 in 1965, and the situation began to improve.
From 1967 to 1968, Hubei Hongqi Cable Factory was contracted by Shanghai Cable Factory, and its main products were ultra-high voltage cables, submarine communication cables, marine cables, and XLPE cables. There are also Shanghai Diners Club Factory, which was relocated to Lanzhou and the Changtong Wire Factory merged with the Cable Factory, Guiyang Wire Factory, Qingdao Wire Factory, Qingdao Wire Factory was partially relocated to Xintai Wire Factory, Fuzhou Wire Factory was partially relocated to Nanping Wire Factory, Harbin Wire Factory was partially relocated to Mudanjiang Wire Factory, Hangzhou Cable Factory and Wenzhou Wire Factory were partially relocated to Shanhe Electrical Equipment Factory, Wuxi Cable Factory was partially relocated to Guangde Wire Factory, and Guangzhou Wire Factory was partially relocated to Huaxian Wire Factory, Shenyang Cable Factory was partially relocated to Fushun Qingyuan to build 8290 wire factory.
From 1966 to 1976, a number of new factories were built. The Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications has established the Houma Cable Factory, the Ministry of Railways has established the Jiaozuo Railway Electrical Equipment Factory, and the Tianshui Railway Cable Signal Factory.
Since the reform and opening up, China's wire and cable industry has achieved rapid development.
The convening of the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of China and the implementation of the Sixth Five-Year Plan made the enthusiasm of workers in the cable industry rise again, and the amount of conductors rose to 43 in 1979920,000 tons. In 1979, after the center put forward the policy of "adjustment, reform, rectification and progress", the scale of China's infrastructure was greatly reduced, and the demand for wires and cables declined, but with the development of the household appliance industry, the demand for some products such as fine enameled wire surged. With the results of the adjustment, production picked up, and in 1985 the amount of conductors used rose to 62300,000 tons.
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The development of reform and opening up to the introduction of domestic and foreign enterprises has led to the rapid development of cross-regional and cross-industry inline enterprises, and at the same time, a large number of township and town enterprises and local enterprises are emerging, and their number is unprecedented. However, until the 90s of the last century, state-owned enterprises occupied an unshakable dominant position in China's wire and cable industry. In the 80s, two hegemons in the north and south were formed, namely Shenyang Cable Factory and Shanghai Cable Factory; By the 90s, a three-legged format of Shenyang Cable Factory, Shanghai Cable Factory and Zhengzhou Cable Factory was formed.
With the in-depth development of reform, since the mid-90s, state-owned enterprises have gradually withdrawn from the historical stage, and the proportion of private enterprises in the industry has increased year by year. In the 10 years of development of the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" and "Tenth Five-Year Plan", the economic component of China's wire and cable industry has also completed a major change. In the early days of reform and opening up, it was mainly composed of a relatively single economic component dominated by the state-owned economy and supplemented by the collective economy, but after this period of reform and adjustment, it has gradually changed into a situation in which private enterprises are the main body of the market, foreign-funded enterprises have seized a large number of high-end markets, and the share of state-owned enterprises in the market has been shrinking.
The following is the ownership pattern of China's wire and cable industry at the end of the "Tenth Five-Year Plan":
Source**: Shanghai Electric Cable Research Institute.