He loves to read history all his life, and often uses history as a mirror to govern the world with self-cultivation. Among the many historical works, ** especiallyI like to read Chen Shou's "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and Luo Guanzhong's "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".Always learn from the experience of the historical figures above and learn from them.
In 1948, before a big war was about to start, ** said:"This battle must be fought by Xu Shiyou. But if I can't win this battle, I will slash Ma Jian with tears, first behead Xu Shiyou, and then learn from Zhuge Kongming, and surrender myself.
**With Xu Shiyou).
So, what kind of battle is this battle that Xu Shiyou wants to fight?？So much so that in the eyes of ***, this battle is almost more important than the Battle of Jieting in the history of the Three Kingdoms?
It turned out that this battle was exactlyThe Battle of Jinan broke out at the turn of the summer and autumn of 1948.
In June 1946, the War of Liberation broke out. After nearly three years of arduous struggle, the Kuomintang's all-out offensive and key offensive were smashed one after another by our army。Although the Kuomintang still held 3.65 million troops at this time, it was still ahead of our army with only 2.8 million troops in terms of force size. However, the gap in strength between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party is no longer the same as it was three years ago.
In addition, because our army adopted the mobile tactic of "encircling the cities from the countryside," most of the areas around the cities had already been occupied by our army, and the main forces of the Kuomintang could only retreat into a few cities and be passively beaten. ToIn the middle of 1948, the liberation battlefields around Changchun in Northeast China, Taiyuan in Shanxi Province and Jinan in Shandong Province all presented such a situation.
Map of the situation of the Liberation War in 1948).
If our army continues to develop and grow on the outskirts of the cities, it is only a matter of time before we take these big cities and smoothly start the final strategic decisive stage of the war of liberation. In November 1947, the People's Liberation Army's Jinchaji Field Army liberated Shijiazhuang, an important town in Hebei, setting the first case for the People's Liberation Army to conquer a large city.
However, in the face of a situation that was not optimistic for **, Chiang Kai-shek did not seem to be in a hurry in the summer of 1948.
Because in the opinion of his and American military advisers:The PLA was able to take Shijiazhuang in November 1947 because the Kuomintang defenders in Shijiazhuang were only 240,000 people. In large cities such as Changchun, Taiyuan, and Jinan, the Kuomintang garrison numbered no less than 200,000 people. Strong city defense can also increase the combat effectiveness of the first in large cities - as long as the PLA cannot use a big battle to take such a large city with more than 200,000 defenders, then in their opinion: the PLA is far from being qualified for a strategic decisive battle with the Kuomintang.
For Chiang Kai-shek's layout considerations, how can ** and others not know? If we want to start the strategic decisive stage of the War of Liberation as soon as possible, severely damage the morale of the Kuomintang, and destroy the vital forces of the Kuomintang, we must do our best to fight a beautiful battle。Although in Chiang Kai-shek's view at that time, our army was not yet equipped with the conditions to fight a tough battle, the PLA units at that time were already equipped with a large number of Japanese-made field artillery and mortar artillery units, coupled with the superiority of troops formed in local areas, and the time was ripe for the PLA to launch a tough battle.
However, which of the three cities of Changchun, Taiyuan and Jinan should be attacked by the People's Liberation Army has become a problem that others have to consider - if Changchun is attacked first, then the best in the northeast region will inevitably be vigilant, so as to withdraw from Shanhaiguan, which is not conducive to the formation of the PLA to close the door and fight the dog; If Taiyuan is attacked first, the city of Taiyuan is much stronger than Changchun and Jinan, so there is no certainty of victory. If Jinan is attacked first, then the Shandong Field Army and the East China Field Army of the People's Liberation Army will be able to join forces and thus revitalize the situation in East China.
Therefore, after careful consideration, ** and others decided to make Jinan the starting point for our army to carry out the urban siege. As the saying goes, "the first battle is a decisive battle, and the first battle will determine the outcome," this is a battle that has a bearing on the morale of the follow-up of the Liberation War and the overall success or failure of the strategic decisive battleIn the end, it fell on the commander of the Shandong Corps: Xu Shiyou.
SoWhy was Xu Shiyou appointed as the main general to attack Jinan in such a crucial battle?
Xu Shiyou) The first reason why Xu Shiyou took command is because since the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Xu Shiyou has led the Eighth Route Army, and has been in Shandong for many years, and is very familiar with the geography and humanities of Shandong. After the outbreak of the Liberation War, Xu Shiyou continued to sit in Shandong. Before the Battle of Jinan, Xu Shiyou had conquered Tai'an and carried out sports warfare in Yimeng MountainCooperate with Chen Su's army to eliminate Zhang Lingfu and sweep the stronghold of Jinpu Road, creating favorable conditions for the PLA to form an encirclement of Jinan, Shandong.
And the second reason for Xu Shiyou to be in command is because the ** general who was sitting in Jinan, Shandong Province at that time was the ** famous general who graduated from the third phase of Huangpu:Wang Yaowu.
Speaking of Wang Yaowu, he can be called a clear stream among the first generals. Wang Yaowu was born in a humble background since he was a child, and when he was young, he was interested in serving the country in the army and was admitted to the Whampoa Military Academy. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he participated in major battles such as the Battle of Songhu, the Battle of Nanjing, and the Battle of Xiangxi, and made countless meritorious contributions on the battlefield of resistance against Japan. In addition, Wang Yaowu has a good armyDuring the War of Liberation, it was known as one of the five main trump cards of the Kuomintang, and its predecessor was the 74th Army commanded by Wang Yaowu during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.
Therefore,If you want to fight against such a ** ace general who has a good command of the army, you have to be an elite general in our army like Xu Shiyou。On July 13, 1948, when Xu Shiyou led the Shandong Corps to successfully conquer Yanzhou, the ** Military Commission officially sent the military order to attack Jinan to Xu Shiyou in the form of a telegram.
Xu Shiyou and ***
However, considering the strategic layout of the Shandong and East China Field Armies as a whole at that time. Therefore, after Xu Shiyou took over the military order and assumed the burden of attacking Jinan City. At the same time, the Central Military Commission also ordered Su Yu, who was in charge of the main command of the East China Field Army, to do a good job in the strategic deployment of the liberation of Jinan.
In order to allow Xu Shiyou to successfully take Jinan in this battle, Su Yu can be said to have invested a lot in the deployment of this campaign: Su Yu divided the Jinan campaign as a whole into four stages: attacking, reinforcing and blocking. Among them,The total number of troops attacking the fortification was 140,000 people, divided into two corps, east and west, with Xu Shiyou's Shandong Corps as the main force, and 10 corps of the East China Field Army, with 500 artillery pieces of various types, as well as large and small tank units, responsible for supporting Xu Shiyou in the battle.
Su Yu on the front-line battlefield).
And the troops who encircled the reinforcements,It was composed of the 1st and 6th columns of the East China Field Army, the 7th column of the Shandong Corps, and the 11th column of the Central Plains Field Army, ready to annihilate other enemy forces that may reinforce Jinan.
The troops responsible for blocking the enemy army were mainly composed of the 4th and 8th columns of Huaye and the 2 independent brigades of the Central Plains Field Army, a total of 20 regiments. The East China Field Army's Yesi Special Service Regiment was responsible for the final sweeping work on the battlefield.
East China Field Army).
In this way,In the Battle of Jinan, our army mobilized as many as 320,000 troops before and after, which has formed an absolute superiority over the 100,000 ** trapped in the city of Jinan。Even if there is a possibility of reinforcements, then the PLA troops responsible for encircling and sending reinforcements are enough to deal with all kinds of rapidly changing situations.
There are two main reasons why Su Yu invested a lot of money in the strategic deployment before the Battle of Jinan: First, the city of Jinan has been high and deep since ancient times, easy to defend and difficult to attack, and before the two armies fought, the enemy must not be underestimated, and our army will never fight any uncertain battle. Second, if our army can besiege Jinan and attract reinforcementsThen it is not impossible to eliminate the ** other ace main force entrenched near Shandong: Qiu Qingquan's integrated Fifth Army.
Fifth Army of the National Revolutionary Army).
On September 16, 1948, the Battle of Jinan was about to break out, and the Western Group Army, which was responsible for the main attack, was mainly commanded by Song Shilun and political commissar Liu Peishan of the 10th Column of the East China Field Army. At the same time, Nie Fengzhi and Liu Haotian, who were in charge of operations on the Eastern Front, commanded the Ninth Column to capture itThe strategic point in the eastern part of Jinan City, combined with the group army in the west, began to attack Jinan City.
Because our army is fighting at night, the morale of the defenders of Jinan City, who have been besieged by our army for a long time, has been extremely lowTherefore, on the night of September 16, the Ninth Column, which was responsible for the main offensive on the Eastern Front, conquered important strongholds such as Maoling Mountain and Yanchi Mountain in one fell swoop with lightning speed。Wang Yaowu, who was guarding Jinan City, was shocked when he learned that the two mountains were lost, and judged that the main direction of our army's attack was in the east, so he immediately dispatched the 19th and 57th brigades to rush to the rescue.
But,What Wang Yaowu didn't expect was that just as he was transferring the 19th and 57th Brigades to rescue the eastern front, the Jinan Airport on the western front was captured by our army。Wu Huawen, stationed in the area west of Jinan, was completely exposed to the artillery fire of our Song Shilun troops, because of the unbearable artillery bombardment of our army, on September 19, Wu Huawen led his troops to surrender to our army, and the Jinan defense circle collapsed instantly.
After Wu Huawen surrendered to our army, his 20,000 ** were quickly incorporated into the People's Liberation Army and joined the siege team, Wang Yaowu was in chaos from then on, and wanted to withdraw from Jinan City, but was reprimanded by Chiang Kai-shek, in desperation, Wang Yaowu had to lead his troops to fight to the death, but this still could not save the defeat of Jinan City. As of September 23, our army had completely cleared all enemy troops on the periphery of Jinan City. At 6 o'clock in the afternoon of the same day, Xu Shiyou, who was supervising the battle on the front line, officially issued a siege order for the inner city of Jinan.
After eight days and eight nights of continuous hard fighting, the city of Jinan, which was once known as impregnable, was finally completely broken by our army on September 24, 1948, and Wang Yaowu, who was guarding the city, fled in a hurryBut it didn't take long for him to disguise himself as a fugitive soldier and he was discovered and captured by our army in Shouguang.
After this battle, the Chinese People's Liberation Army completely conquered Jinan City, laying a "good start" for the large-scale city attack in the stage of the Liberation War. In addition, our army ended with 2At a small price of 60,000 soldiers, more than 100,000 people were annihilated, which dealt a serious blow to the vital forces of **. Since then,The Shandong Field Army and the East China Field Army were linked, creating favorable conditions for the development of the Huaihai Campaign in the future.
Jinan Campaign) Even many years after the end of the Liberation War, many generals and leading figures on both sides of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party gave the Jinan Campaign a very high evaluationThe premier once commented on the Jinan Campaign, saying that the Jinan Campaign truly opened the prelude to the strategic decisive battle of the three major battles in the War of Liberation。In this sense alone, Xu Shiyou and the Shandong Corps under his command have contributed a lot.
For the Kuomintang, the fiasco in the Battle of Jinan was very frustrating. Kuomintang veteran and Chiang Kai-shek's confidant Chen Cheng said frankly: ".The loss of Jinan meant that the PLA could take down any major city north of the Yangtze River without much effort. This means that from now on, North China has become a dead chess game for the Kuomintang, and the defeat of the Kuomintang has been a matter of time since the loss of Jinan City! ”