In 304 AD, a Southern Xiongnu named Liu Yuan ascended the throne in Pingcheng and announced that he would break with the erosive Western Jin Dynasty. Interestingly, however,The country established by the Huns was called "Han".
Moreover, when Liu Yuan succeeded to the throne, he also delivered an extremely impassioned "enthronement speech". Liu Yuan reviewed the great cause of Gaozu of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty to establish the Han DynastyHe praised Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty for "expanding the land and conquering the land", scolded "Cao Cao's father and son are fierce and rebellious", and officially announced that he would inherit the legal system of Liu Bei, Emperor Zhaolie of the Han Dynasty, overthrow the Jin Dynasty, and restore the Han Dynasty.
A Hun praised Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty for "expanding the land", which is really a bit unbearable. And what is even more incomprehensible is that these Huns "barbarians" yearn for the Han Dynasty so much, and scolded Cao Wei like that in their enthronement speechWhy didn't they see them raise troops to support the Han family during the Cao Wei period of the Three Kingdoms? What were the barbarians doing at that time? It seems that there was no large-scale Yidi invasion during the Three Kingdoms period?
Mr. Wang Fuzhi once said a sentence called"The country is always destroyed by weakness, and the lone man dies by strength".。It means that when other dynasties perished, the national strength was generally decaying, but the Han Dynasty was different, until the time of its demise, the military was still very strong, and the martial arts were still very abundant. This can be seen from the achievements of the Three Kingdoms in the late Han Dynasty against the surrounding Yidi.
As we all know, in the history of China, after the collapse of super empires like the Han and Tang dynasties, the basic outcome will be the division of princes. At the end of the Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms were established, and at the end of the Tang Dynasty, there were five dynasties and ten kingdoms.
But one thing to say, compared with the Three Kingdoms at the end of the Han Dynasty, the remnants of the Tang Dynasty are really a bit lackluster. One is that the time of the five generations is relatively short, and the other is that there are too few capable and virtuous people during the five dynasties, and there are too many people who are not good at the level, which is quite a bit of a "rookie pecking at each other". But the Three Kingdoms are differentAs the most well-known troubled era in China, the Three Kingdoms period can be described as full of heroes and heroes.
However, although the Three Kingdoms look wonderful, the harm to the people of the Central Plains is not smallFrom the outbreak of the Yellow Turban Rebellion to the end of the Three Kingdoms, the number of household registrations in China dropped sharply from more than 50 million to more than 9 million. Of course, the decrease in hukou does not necessarily mean that everyone is dead, but it may also be due to the problems of war and forced labor, which has caused a large number of people to escape from the hukou and become black households.
For example, during the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the former Yan Zuo servant shot Yuewan and proposed to check the household registration, and the result wasIn Qianyan, which has only 2 million households, 200,000 black households have been foundIt can be seen how many people have been out of household registration management during the war.
But even so, the loss of 40 million accounts is an extremely terrifying number. But China's population loss is so huge, and the surrounding Yidi does not dare to attack the idea of the Central Plains. The reason is simple, becauseAt that time, although the Central Plains was a pot of porridge internally, it did not relax externally at all.
The first thing to say is the Shu Han regime, which is recognized as the weakest among the three kingdoms. The Yidi faced by Shu Han is mainly divided into two partsOne is to the northwest, entrenched in the vicinity of Shu Han and Cao Wei, the Di and Qiang peoples. These two ethnic groups established two regimes respectively in the "Five Hu Chaohua", of which the former Qin briefly unified the north and was one of the most powerful states during the Wuhu and Sixteen Kingdoms period.
In the face of these two barbarians with great potential, the Shu Han regime offered the so-called "Shenwei Tian General".Ma ChaoClan. After all, the Ma clan was once the descendant of Ma Yuan, the general of Fubo in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and ruled the Qiang people, so there was a Ma town, and the Di and Qiang clans could be said to dare not make a mistake.
And the Nanban in the southwest region was "blessed", and it was the famous Han Prime Minister Zhuge Liang who dealt with them. Zhuge Liang's southern expedition not only contributed idioms such as "seven captures of Meng Huo", but also added the staple food of "steamed buns" to traditional Chinese cuisine, which can be described as a fruitful harvest.
In addition, Liu Bei ruled the country with benevolence and righteousness, so his popularity was very good, and when the Shu Han Dynasty was orthodox, the barbarians would often send troops to help.
And when it comes to barbarians, we have to mention Soochow. After all, in Sun Quan's eyes, the barbarians in the Shanyue region are not only not terrible, but also very "cute", simply put,These Shanyue barbarians are an extremely valuable source of soldiers for the Wu StateAfter all, these people are not afraid of death in battle, and they obey orders and listen to commands, which is very useful.
By the way, the military system of the state of Wu adopts hereditary leadersThe army under each general was a private soldier, soThe Wu attack was not very good, after all, if you work too hard, your family will be gone. ButThe defense tends to be excellent, it's a matter of family, I can't help but work hard.
And the generals of Wu in the Shanyue region are basically some people we are more familiar with, such asHan Dang, Zhou Tai, Huang Gai, Lu Meng, Zhuge Ke, and even Lu Xun.
After decades of wool gathering in the Wu Kingdom, tens of thousands of strong forces in the Shanyue region have been filled into the army of the Wu State, and a large number of people have been added to the household registration of the big cities of the Wu State.
And the last one to talk about is naturally Cao Wei, who is the strongest in China among the Three Kingdoms. In a sense,It was Cao Wei who laid a good foundation in the early stage and suppressed the surrounding barbarians so that he could not raise his head, so that the later Western Jin Dynasty could "die" for 30 years before it fell to the hands of Yidi.
At that time, there were three major barbarian forces in northern China guarded by Cao Wei, namelySouthern Xiongnu, Xianbei and Wuhuan。Their strength should not be underestimated, in the later Wuhu Rebellion, the Southern Xiongnu established the Han and Zhao regimes, the Xianbei established five regimes including the former Yan and the Later Yan, and finally unified the north and ended the chaos of the Sixteen Kingdoms of the Northern Wei regime.
We have all talked about the regimes established by the four Hu tribes of the Southern Xiongnu, Xianbei, Di and Qiang during the Wuhu Rebellion, and which is the last Hu, presumably many people secretly have the answer in their hearts. But unfortunately, this Hu is not Wuhuan, but Shile's Qian, who established the Later Zhao regime.
Why are they the three major ethnic groups in the north, and Wuhuan is the worst mixed in the end? Because the Cao Wei regime was too fierce. Under Cao Wei's fierce pursuit, almost all of the northern Yidi lost the ability to establish political power for a long time.
For example, the five chaos was the most powerful in the late periodXianbei forces, In fact, the reason why they didn't dare to challenge the ** dynasty in the early stage was also because,has long been firmly convinced by Cao Wei. Even Liu Kun of the Western Jin Dynasty often went to Duan's Xianbei to help him attack Shile of the Liang tribe. Moreover, Duan Piyan (Yintongdi), the leader of the Duan Xianbei clan, has always regarded himself as a Jin minister, and he fought Shi Le very hard, so that Shi Le said to Duan Pi Pan very speechlesslyEveryone is a Hu person, why do you want to fight so hard?
As for Wu Huan, it was even more unlucky to the extreme, because its strength was originally the strongest, as a resultThe tree was very popular and was extremely targeted by the Cao Wei regime.
Wuhuan had suffered a big loss at the hands of Gongsun Zhan, the "White Horse General" in the late Han Dynasty, and later Gongsun Zhan was defeated by Yuan Shao, and Wuhuan was also revived.
In 200 AD, Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao at the Battle of Guandu, and soon after Yuan Shao fell ill and died, and his sons Yuan Xi and Yuan Shang fled to the north, preparing to join forces with Wuhuan against Cao.
In 207 AD, Cao Cao launched a campaign against WuhuanWhite Wolf Mountain swept Wuhuan with the autumn wind sweeping the fallen leaves, captured 200,000 people, Zhang Liao beheaded Wuhuan Shan Yu Dun, which was the first time Wuhuan was hit. Cao Cao's class returned, facing Jieshi in the east, and he felt itLeaving behind the immortal masterpiece "Watching the Sea".
In 218 AD, Wuhuan was ready to move again, this time Cao Cao did not personally conquer, but called his sonCao Zhangwent forward, once again broke Wuhuan, beheaded more than 1,000 people, and subdued the Xianbei leader Kebineng. At this point, Wuhuan no longer had the ability to compete with the Cao Wei regime.
As for the one who dragged the Sui Dynasty to death laterGoguryeo, Cao Wei did not let them go. In 237 AD, Gongsun Yuan, a warlord who had been guarding the Liaodong region for generations, declared that he was free from the control of Cao Wei and established himself as the king of Yan. In 238 AD, Cao Wei sent itSima Yiwent to conquer Gongsun Yuan, and defeated Gongsun Yuan in one battle.
Subsequently, Sima Yi carried out extremely harsh repressive measures in the Liaodong region, demolishing Xiangping, the capital of Gongsun Yuan. After Sima Yi left, Biqiu Jian, who succeeded Sima Yi, took advantage of the victory to pursue and defeated the Goguryeo regime, which was growing in the northeast, and razed its royal capital to the ground. After these two battles, Liaodong almost lost the soil for establishing political power, and Goguryeo's vitality was greatly damaged, and it was not until the late Sixteen Kingdoms that it was relieved.
In addition to Wuhuan and Xianbei, Cao Wei also cleaned up the Qiang and Di tribes around Chang'anXiahou Yuan's title of "Tiger Step Pass Right" came through the suppression of the Qiang and Di people. As a result, such a general who beat the Hu people to the ground and fled, was beheaded by Huang Zhong in the battle of Dingjun Mountain.
Looking at it this way, I'm afraid that many people will have to "sympathize" with these Yidi, these generals who cleaned up themWhich is not a generation of heroes of Megatron China? It's really normal to be crushed like this.
However, we talked for a long time, and it seems that there is a mistake, that is, the Southern Huns. StillThe Southern Xiongnu are actually highly sinicized,To what extent is it sinicized? In the Han and Zhao regimes established by Liu Yuan, there was a court lieutenant named Chen Yuanda, who was a Huns, but he was "ploughing at home" and was still a hermit, and at first glance he thought he was Zhuge Liang.
And when Chen Yuanda was advising Liu Cong, the emperor of Han and Zhao, what he said was simply embarrassing:His Majesty's possession, but the ears of the two counties of Taizong, the guards of the war, are not only the Xiongnu and Nanyue!
This "Taizong" does not refer to the Taizong of their Xiongnu, but the Emperor Wen of Han with the temple name Taizong, which is equivalent to recognizing Emperor Wen of Han as the ancestor. Let's take a look at the back of this "war guard, isn't it only the Xiongnu and Nanyue!" "It means that the enemies we have to deal with are not only the Xiongnu and Nanyue during the Taizong period. The question isThis Chen Yuanda himself is a Huns, this can be good,"The enemy of my ancestors is myself", this Chen Yuanda really treats himself as a Han.
And Liu Yuan, the founding emperor of the Han Zhao Dynasty, set his country name as Han, which is also one of the manifestations of their high degree of sinicization, so much so that they consider themselves to be Han Dynasty people. In fact,During the entire Three Kingdoms period, the Southern Xiongnu could be said to be quite honest, but when they arrived in the Jin Dynasty, they announced that they would recover the Han Dynasty because they were not used to the perverse behavior of the Jin Dynasty.
From then on, we can also see how the level of the Jin Dynasty has collapsedIt is a great irony to let the Southern Huns, who have always submitted to Cao Wei, call themselves the Han family to rebel against them.