In the first year of Jingtai (1450), Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty was defeated and captured at Tumubao and returned to the Ming Dynasty. Although Ming Yingzong named Zhu Qiyu as"Emperor", but he was imprisoned in Nangong for seven years. Seven years later, Jingtai Emperor Zhu Qiyu was seriously ill, and more than 1,000 soldiers including Shi Heng, Zhang Yuan, Cao Jixiang, and Xu Youzhen helped Zhu Qiyu regain the throne without blood"A change in the door"It starts here.
Battle of the City Gates", a bloody coup d'état.
In the first month of the eighth year of Jingtai (1457), Zhu Qiyu of Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty was seriously ill, and in the case of the early death of the crown prince Zhu Zhanji, Zhu Qiyu had no other sons, and the position of the prince was not clear. The emperor was seriously ill, and the position of the crown prince was unknown, which aroused the anger of the people, and some people took action because of it.
Seeing that the emperor was seriously ill, Shi Heng, a close minister of the Ming Dynasty, immediately sent people to find Zhang Yujing, the right governor of the Zhongjun Governor's Mansion, and Cao Jixiang, the eunuch, and said to them cordially:"Your Majesty's illness has worsened, in case of an accident, there is no prince, and the palace is currently discussing the matter of establishing a prince, but that is a civil official matter, after the new monarch ascends the throne, what does it have to do with us people? Why don't you and I take this opportunity to ask the emperor to reinstate the throne, wouldn't it be more than one stone? "
Zhang Yujing and Cao Jixiang immediately accepted Shi Heng's suggestion, and after full discussion, the three decided to part ways. Cao Jixiang went to the palace to see Empress Dowager Sun and asked her to support the resumption of the imperial examination; Shi Heng and Zhang Yujing went to see Xu Bin, the secretary of Taichang Temple, and after listening to their intentions, Xu Bin recommended Xu Youzhen, the imperial historian of Zuodu, but he said that they were too old to participate in this matter.
They found Shi Heng, Zhang Xunsui and Xu Youzhen overnight, and Xu Youzhen immediately adopted the suggestions of the two, and even said that watching the sky at night for divination, this matter is promising, and the three of them decided to make detailed plans and travel at night on the 16th day of the first lunar month.
On the evening of the 16th day of the first lunar month, Xu Youzhen secretly visited Yang Shan, the school of Wang Youjun, and Wang Ji, the uncle of King Jingyuan, who expressed their willingness to repay the emperor with death. On the other hand, Zhang He mobilized a large number of officers and soldiers from the Beijing camp to subdue the Warwick border and protect the safety of the capital.
Although the palace gate was closed at night, Shi Heng held the key to the palace gate, and a team of more than 1,000 people easily entered the imperial city through the Chang'an Gate. Although the palace guards were very unfamiliar with this large group of people, because of the identities of Shi Heng and the others, no one dared to stop them, so these people easily came to Nangong, broke through the walls of Nangong, and then broke into Nangong.
Zhu Qizhen, who was reading at Nangong Bing Candle Night, suddenly saw a large group of people, he thought that his younger brother had sent him to kill them, and he couldn't help but panic, and he was so frightened that his soul was not possessed, and it was not until the ** in front of him fell to the ground that Zhu Qizhen came back to his senses:"Could it be that I am reset? "He asked.
After figuring out the intentions of Shi Heng and the others, Zhu Qizhen went straight inside surrounded by everyone, and saw that such a large group of people were killed, and the soldiers of Donghuamen wanted to stop them, but because of Zhu Qizhen's identity as the Bright Emperor, the soldiers had to bow their heads and let them go. So the soldiers entered the inner hall without blood, and helped Zhu Qizhen to sit on the throne of the Fengtian Temple. Seeing that the sky was bright, Shi Heng immediately rang the bell and beat the drum, and gathered a group of ministers early in the morning.
The ministers had already received the news that Ming Dynasty Zong would enter the palace to inspect today, but when they came to Fengtian Palace, they were surprised to find that the throne had changed hands, and before the ministers knew the truth, Xu Youzhen exclaimed"The Emperor has ascended the throne again! "Then, Zhu Qizhen announced:"Emperor Jingtai is seriously ill, and the ministers welcome me to the throne, you still have to do your own work! "Seeing this, the ministers had no choice but to bow and bow.
At this time, Zhu Qiyu, the spiritual officer of the Ganqing Palace, who was preparing to go to the court, suddenly heard the bells and drums sounding in unison from the Fengtian Palace, and was taken aback and asked"Could it be Yu Qian? "Just when everyone didn't know how to answer, the eunuch of Xing'an turned around and said that the emperor had been reinstated, and Emperor Jingtai Zhu Qiyu said that it was three"Okay"word, then took a few breaths, leaned against the head of the bed, and admitted the facts.
The bloodless coup officially ended with Zhu Qizhen, who had been imprisoned for seven years, regaining the throne without blood.
Why was Zhu Qiyu carried away by Zhu Qizhen's restoration coup?
In successive coups d'état,"Change the doorway"Of course, it can be at the top, because a coup d'état can easily succeed. In fact, after Zhu Qizhen was imprisoned in Nangong, Zhu Qiyu was not without precautions, not only sealed Nangong tightly, and even the grain could only be taken from a small hole, but also strictly guarded Jin Chen's guards, and even cut down all the trees around Nangong to prevent the ministers from secretly contacting Zhu Qizhen.
So, why didn't Zhu Qiyu have the strength to resist"Change the doorway"This?
1.The identities of the participants were hidden, and the subversive process was extremely smooth"。Knock on the door of change"The number of participants was small, but the main members were very special, so the disruption process was extremely smooth. Among them, Hou Shiheng of Wuqing not only favored Zhu Qiyu, one of the leaders of the military general group, but also directly controlled the key to the imperial city; Zhang Yujing, the real governor of power, was directly in charge of the Beijing camp and could get close to the imperial army; Although Jingyuan Bo Wang Ji was sent to Nangong, he was ordered to monitor Emperor Zhu Qizhen. As Empress Dowager Sun accepted the coup, her elder brother Sun Jizong, younger brother Sun Xianzong, and forty-three sons-in-law and domestic slaves also participated in the coup.
Although only more than 1,000 people participated in the coup, the close cooperation of these people was enough to ensure that Emperor Zhu Qizhen was successfully driven out of Nangong. Later, relying on Zhu Qizhen's status as the emperor and the consent of the Empress Dowager Sun, these people were able to enter the palace unimpeded, and then smoothly arrived at the Fengtian Palace. At the same time, Zhu Qiyu was powerless to return to the sky, and did not even receive the news of the coup.
2, Zhu Qiyu has no children under his knees, and there is little hope that the throne will return to the line of Yingzong. Due to the early death of the crown prince Zhu Jianji and Ming Dynasty Zong, Zhu Qiyu had no second son under his knees, and there were no more than three results of inheriting the throne a hundred years later: the first was the last emperor, that is, today's Yingzong Zhu Qizhen; the second is the removed crown prince Zhu Jianshen, that is, the son of Yingzong Zhu Qizhen; The third type is the second vassal king.
However, from the point of view of law or court etiquette, the possibility of the princes succeeding to the throne is extremely small, and the return of the throne to the Yingzong lineage is almost universally recognized, and even Yu Qian supported the re-establishment of Zhu Qizhen at that time. Therefore, if the emperor is seriously ill and the crown prince has not yet been determined, it is psychologically acceptable for the ministers to restore Zhu Qizhen.
3.Since the Jingtai Dynasty, the ministers have been divided, and there is no shortage of supporters in Ming Yingzong. The differentiation of the Jingtai Dynasty's ministerial group can be roughly divided into three stages. The first stage is due to the relationship between Zhu Qizhen, after Zhu Qiyu inherited the throne, the right capital imperial history sent Yang Shan and Zhao Rong, the secretary of the Ministry of Industry, to share the conquest, and Yang Shan and Zhao Rong. It's all from Ming Yingzong"Confidants"But in the absence of a holy decree, the return of Ming Yingzong seems to have made Zhu Qizhen a cause"The defeat of civil engineering"is famous, but there is still no shortage of supporters in the DPRK, Yang Shan and Xu Bing are one of the representatives.
Secondly, due to the replacement of the crown prince, before the Empress Dowager Sun accepted Zhu Qiyu's accession to the throne, she set up Zhu Qizhen's son Zhu Jianshen as the crown prince, of course, she wanted to keep the throne in the Ming Yingzong lineage, Zhu Qiyu did not want to pass on to the Yingzong lineage with the consolidation of the throne, so in the third year of Jingtai (1452), he did not hesitate to bribe the courtiers and enlist their support, deposed Zhu Jianshen, and set up his son Zhu Jianji as the crown prince. Crown Prince Crown Prince.
Third, because Daizong was seriously ill, he had to make a prince. As mentioned earlier, due to the early death of Zhu Qiyu's son Zhu Jianshen, Zhu Qiyu had no other sons, resulting in Zhu Jianshen being seriously ill and the position of the prince vacant, so the ministers had disagreements on the issue of establishing the prince. Among them, Wang Wen, a scholar, Wang Cheng, a eunuch, and others intended to support Zhu Junshan, the son of King Xiang, while Wang Zhi, the secretary of the Ministry of Rites, Hu Xuan, the squire of the Ministry of Rites, and Yu Qian, the secretary of the Ministry of War, were inclined to restore Zhu Jianshen's status.
In addition,"The change of the civil fort"lead in"Battle of the Kyoshi"A large number of outstanding military generals and Yu Qian and other civil servants were damaged, making the status of the Jingtai Dynasty precarious, because of the status of the civil defense army and the ** army, these generals were very dissatisfied with him, which is also the reason why Shi Heng still participated in the coup despite sympathizing with Ming Dynasty.
In short, the coup d'état went extremely smoothly, the courtiers were very divided, and Yingzong was reinstated in accordance with the law, although the ministers of the court and China were hesitant when they heard the news of the coup, they quickly accepted the facts, and Zhu Qizhen also verbally promised to ensure that the ministers would continue to hold their original posts.