As a famous historical and cultural city, Beijing antique appreciation is an indispensable content, and when it comes to antiques, we have to talk about the Liuli Factory.
Liuli factory, outside the Heping Gate in Xicheng District, Beijing, the Liao Dynasty called "Haiwang Village", the Yuan Dynasty opened an official kiln, firing glazed tiles. In the Ming Dynasty, the scale of the official kiln expanded, and the glaze factory became one of the five major kiln factories of the Ministry of Industry. After the construction of the outer city in the thirty-second year of Jiajing (1553), the site of Liulichang was moved to Liuliqu Village, Mentougou District, but the name of "Liulichang" has been retained to this day.
During the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, the capital was divided into Manchu and Han cities, and many Han Beijing officials lived near Liulichang, and the halls in this area were also concentrated in the places where the exams were taken. During the Kangxi period, the lamp market was moved to Liulichang, which made it more prosperous and lively. According to records, from New Year's Day to the 16th of each year, the glaze factory "department stores gathered, lantern screen glaze, ten thousand sheds, jade shaft toothpicks, thousands of doors contact; Books are filled, treasures are played; There are also Qinlou Chu Pavilion full of sheng songs, BMW incense car tour girl". In the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong (1773), the four libraries were opened, and the collection of books in the "Hanlin Academy was divided into three places: the secretary of the inner government sent to the courtyard as one place, the old collection of the Yongle Dictionary in the courtyard had excerpts into volumes and compiled into a book, and the provinces collected the folk books into one place. Divide the staff to proofread, and every morning the ministers are admitted to the hospital, and a chef is set up to provide tea and rice." The Hanlin officials entered the academy early in the morning to read the books in the secret mansion, and returned to the apartment in the afternoon, each with "the school to read a certain book should be examined, the bibliography was listed, and the Liulichang bookstore was visited." At that time, the scholars of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, also rushed to the next place, the sea of postal books, all over the collection of rare books, the bookstore to Wuliuju, Wencuitang as the most". As a result, a large number of bookstores, pen shops, and stationery stores gathered here.
In addition to ancient and modern books, the four treasures of the study room (lake pen, Hui ink, rice paper, Duan inkstone), there are many antique shops, as recorded in the "Liulichang Bookstore", "except for the bookstore, only antique shops and sell law posts, mounted calligraphy and paintings, carved seals, writing desks, engravings, engraved tablet ears." Dingyi porcelain, antique treasures, gold and stone seal carvings, ancient coins, famous paintings, tablets, books, seals, seals, Ming ware (dark vessels), tiles, statues, bronze mirrors, hooks and other shops, lined up one after another, known as "the essence of the nine cities", attracting the literati and Confucian scholars and antique traders and collectors in the capital, becoming "the place of Kyoto's elegant tour".
According to records, during the Guangxu period, the antique shop Debao Zhai, built in the Xianfeng period, initially "only a thousand gold, and then more than 100,000". The owner of the shop, Li Chengfu, is a Taiping native of Shanxi, who is good at appreciating ancient Yi vessels, and most of them are collected by Pan Zuyin and Wang Yirong. Liu Zhenqing in the shop is also a Taiping person in Shanxi, during the day and the literati and celebrities to entertain and trade, at night is specialized in the study of gold and stone, once wrote "Huadu Temple Tablet Diagram Examination", thousands of words, so that a lifetime of calligraphy dedicated to the "Huadu Temple Tablet" Weng Fanggang can not put a beak.
In the early years of Guangxu, Li Yuting of Baosen Hall and Rao of Shanchengtang were good at book identification. Li Yuting is good at identifying books "The source of essence and evil, is the first in the factory. Later, there were Li Lanfu and Tan (Tan) Dusheng, who talked about the bookplates, book styles, authors, and carvers of various dynasties. According to records, "there are more than 30 Jiafan books in the Jingshi Liuli Factory, and the old business of Han Wenzhai Han Xi is the first generation, good at settlement, capital is still high, and the collection is richer than other businessmen." It can handle ancient books and noble people, push the main Wenzhai Tan Dusheng, Huiwenzhai He Houfu. Houfu's nephew Han Zuoquan is also quite literate, but he is too greedy, and he has tried to go back and forth to the mansion of a high-ranking official, and Baofeng, the squire of the school department, and Fengshan, the minister of military training, are often bullied by him."
In the early years of Guangxu, there were more than 220 bookstores in Liulichang, and more than 50 antique, calligraphy and painting shops, among which the more famous antique shops were Bao Gu Zhai and Ji Gu Pavilion; Jewelry stores have Ming Bao Zhai, Ju Zhen Zhai; The jade is paved with Jianbao Zhai; Tablet calligraphy and painting paving stone Miaozhai, Yigu Zhai, etc.; Mounting and painting shop Cui Wenzhai, Yi Gu Zhai, etc.; Ink shop a pavilion, a pavilion, etc.; Penzhuang Dai Yuexuan, Yu Yunhe, etc.; South paper shop Chongwen Zhai, Yi Wen Zhai, etc.; Old book shops Han Wen Zhai, Di Ya Zhai, etc.; Seal engraving shop brocade Wenzhai, imprint building; Musical instruments are paved with Ma Lianzheng and Shi Shanpeng.
The most famous Rong Bao Zhai, its predecessor is "Songzhu Zhai", was founded in the eleventh year of Kangxi (1672), Guangxu twenty years (1894) renamed "Rong Bao Zhai", which means "to meet friends with literature, the name of the treasure", the plaque is inscribed by the champion, the son of the country to supervise the wine, the calligrapher Lu Runzhen, the operation of the lake pen emblem ink, the end of the inkstone on rice paper, framed ancient and modern celebrity calligraphy and painting, etc., woodblock watermarks and replicas are well-known at home and abroad.
The glaze factory has many calligraphy ink treasures. The gold-lettered plaques of the shops along the street are mostly from the hands of ** celebrities, according to records, "the plaques of the shops of the old capital Liulichang are all written by famous artists, the fonts are different, and they are extremely magnificent." "Liulichang Xiaozhi" lists eighty-seven shop plaques, only the teacher of the Guangxu Emperor Weng Tongyi wrote five pieces, such as Bao Gu Zhai, Xiang Qi Zhai, Xiu Wen Zhai, etc., people call its calligraphy "smooth and chic". The plaque of the Qing Secret Pavilion of Akdumb is "full of spirit, precise structure, as if born in the Jiucheng Palace, and then the pen is dashing". Xu He's Songhua Zhai plaque font "round and compact, transcendent and vulgar, follow its handwriting, the sect "Duobao Pagoda", and the pen is out of it". Baoxi's Yuegu Zhai plaque, Keqin Junwang's Debao Zhai plaque, Liang Shizheng, Pan Zuyin, Na Yancheng, Zeng Guoman's Longwei Pavilion Library Plaque, "or Zu Ou Huang, or Zong Yan Zhao, can be called the essence of the Beiping plaque."
Liulichang is a collection of the world's celebrity calligraphy and painting, the four treasures of the study, the place of antiques and antiques, row upon row of antique shops, old calligraphy and painting shops, South paper shops, Dingyi porcelain, Qin figurines and Tang Cai, gold and stone seal carving, ancient money seal stone, four treasures of the study, calligraphy tablets and so on are breathtaking. The antique pottery of Jigu Pavilion, the bronze ware of Zun Gu Zhai, the famous calligraphy and painting of Bao Gu Zhai, Moyuan Pavilion and Hongguang Pavilion and silk embroidery, the group fan folding fan, the gold and stone brocade porcelain, cloisonne products and bamboo and wood ivory carvings of Yun Gu Zhai, the rubbings of the inscriptions of the past dynasties of Cui Zhen Zhai, the gold and stone porcelain pottery, the ancient cultural relics of Yue Ya Tang, the inscription seals of Qingyun Hall and Guan Fu Zhai, the woodblock watermark paintings of Rong Bao Zhai, the modern calligraphy and painting of Moyuan Pavilion, Hu Kaiwen's Hui ink, Dai Yuexuan's lake pen, the ink of Yide Pavilion, the old books of Chinese bookstores, the engraved banknotes of the past dynasties, The inscriptions, calligraphy and paintings and the newly printed lines are loaded with ancient books, filling the shelves and filling the room, and the dazzling array is dazzling. The ink cartridge is a special product of the glaze factory, the ink cartridge stamp of the same ancient hall, the ink cartridge is engraved and carved, which can be called "antique".
Liulichang cultural treasures gathered, naturally attracted a large number of literati and Confucianism, including many collectors, such as Sun Chengze, Li Yu, Zhu Yizun, Xu Qianxue, Wang Shizhen, Ji Xiaolan, Qian Daxin, Weng Fanggang, He Shaoji, Chen Jieqi, Pan Zuyin, Weng Tongyi, Huang Shaoji, Duanfang, etc., its collection is based on ancient books, inscriptions, gold and stone ceramics, celebrity calligraphy and painting, stationery and seals.
Beijing Regional Culture Learning Excerpts of the Scholar Doctor Cultural ——。 Invasion and deletion.
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