In the first four issues, we talked about many aspects of King Wen's character and ability: Corporal Lixian, who can be described as virtuous; Offering land to intercede can be described as a technique; Cultivating virtue and doing good deeds can be described as a strategy; Deduction of Zhou Yi can be described as wisdom. In this issue, we focus on the courage of King Wen.
According to the record of "Mencius: King Hui of Liang", Mencius once chatted with King Qi Xuan, and King Qi Xuan said: "The widow is sick, and the widow is brave." Mencius replied, "The king pleases no good little bravery." The husband stroked the sword and said: He dares to be me! The courage of this horseman is also the enemy of one person. King, please be great! "Poetry" cloud: Wang Hesi is angry, and he reorganizes his brigade to curb Juju, to be attentive to Zhouhu, and to the world. This article is also the courage of the king. King Wen was angry and pacified the people of the world. ”
The passage of the Book of Songs quoted by Mencius here tells the historical story of King Wen's attack on the secret kingdom.
Let's review the five expeditions after King Wen was appointed as king in the "Historical Records of Zhou Benji". In the last five years of his life, King Wen attacked five countries in a row with the force of thunder, namely Inurong, Misu, Qi, and Chong. Why did King Wen do this? What are the strategic objectives and intentions? What was the practical impact on the rule of the Shang dynasty? Let's break it down.
The purpose of attacking the dog is to stabilize the rear and relieve the worries. The dog Rong is an ancient northwestern nomadic people with the white wolf as the totem, and the range of activities is in Shaanxi and Gansu. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty recorded: "The former Gaoxin clan had a dog Rong Kou, and the emperor suffered from its invasion and violence, and the conquest was not controlled. "Gao Xin's is the emperor. That is to say, during the period of the Five Emperors of Antiquity, the dog Rong was difficult to deal with.
The attack on Misu was to remove the threat from the northwest. Misu was a vassal state of the Shang Dynasty and a hardcore ally of the Shang king, in present-day Lingtai County, Gansu. The surname of Misu is Yao, which is a surname in ancient times and has a noble royal bloodline. "Historical Records: Five Emperors" said: "The Yellow Emperor has twenty-five sons, and there are fourteen of them with surnames. "Among them is the surname Yao.
The attack on the Kingdom of Qi, the Kingdom of Yu and the Kingdom of Chong was to remove the minions and wings of the King of Shang. Qi Guo is in Shanxi Shangdang, Yan Guo is in Qinyang, Henan, and Chongguo is in Huxian County, Shaanxi. If the king of Shang is a fierce tiger, then the Qi Kingdom is his claws, the Chong Kingdom is his teeth, and the Wei Kingdom is his armor.
Among the three vassal states, the state of Yu is the closest to Chaoge, is the Gyeonggi important place of the Shang Dynasty, less than 100 miles away from the ancient ferry port of Mengjin, and is the only place to pass through from Mengjin to Chaoge. Once the Kingdom of Yan is lost, the door of Chaoge will be wide open, and there is no danger to defend.
Chongguo was an important confidant of the Shang Dynasty in the Guanzhong region, and it is said in the "Book of Songs: Daya" that "Chong Yong Yanyan" means that the city wall is tall, easy to defend and difficult to attack. Whenever other princes were found to be disobedient, Chonghou Hu could play a deterrent role as long as he showed his teeth like a tiger, and he could be called the image spokesperson of the Shang Dynasty in the western region.
The State of Qi, also known as the State of Li in ancient times, was in Shangdang, Shanxi, which is today's Changzhi in Shanxi. Shangdang was a place with extremely important strategic value in the pre-Qin period. "Interpretation of Names" said: "The party, the so, is the highest on the mountain, so it is said that the party is also." In other words, Shangdang is a geographically strategic highland with geopolitical strategic advantages.
For the Western Zhou army to attack Chaoge, the capital of the Shang Dynasty, they must first reach the Mengjin Ancient Ferry and then cross the Yellow River from here. At this time, if the Li ** team went south to Mengjin, it would cut off the retreat of the Western Zhou army. It's like a tiger stretching out its claws and killing its opponent in one fell swoop. Therefore, King Wen of Zhou must first take the state of Li before attacking the Shang Dynasty. And once the Shang Dynasty lost the Li State, the capital Chaoge would be in a dangerous situation.
In this way, we can understand this passage in the "Shangshu Xibo Jili": "Xibo is Jili, Zuyi is afraid, and he runs to the king." Because he knew that the Shang Dynasty's loss of the Li State was like a tiger being cut off from its claws, and the result could only be slaughtered by others and resigned to fate. As Han Feizi said: "The reason why tigers and leopards can defeat people and beasts is because of their minions." When the tiger and leopard lose their claws, then people will control them. ”
Therefore, in the process of competing for the world with Yin Shang, the Western Zhou Dynasty first eliminated the peripheral vassal states, which was indeed a very clever tactic.
Let's take a look at the two poems in "The Book of Songs: Daya", and appreciate the kingly demeanor of King Wen who was angry and pacified the people of the world.
In the first paragraph, it describes the scene when King Wen sent troops to attack the secret state and protect the two vassal states of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Ruan and Gongguo:
The secret people were disrespectful, dared to stay away from the state, invaded the Ruan and the Communist Party, Wang Hesi was angry, and reorganized his brigade to press the brigade, to be devoted to Zhou Hu, and to the world.
Wang Hesi was angry and reorganized his brigade", that is, King Wen was furious, so he reorganized his army and went to crusade.
"Devoted to Zhouhu", it is to increase the blessing of Zhou people. Tuk, thick also.
For the world", it is to stabilize the world. That's right, it's stability.
The second paragraph: Describe the war scene of the Western Zhou army breaking through the tall city wall of Chongguo with hook aid, chariot and chariot
The emperor is the king of Wen, the enemy of Er, the brother of Tonger, the hook of Er, and Erlinchong, in order to kill Chongyong.
Lin Chong is idle, Chong Yong speaks. The execution is repeated, and the peace is safe. It is a class that is a kind, it is attached to it, and there is no insult in all directions.
The gist of the poem is:
God told King Wen to inquire about your companion Fang Kingdom, and together with your brother country, use your hooks and ladders, and use your chariots and chariots to break through the high walls of Chongguo. The car swayed, and the city wall of Chongguo towered into the sky. The interrogation of the captives captured alive was fast and urgent, and the left ear of the counting captives was unhurried. Sacrifices were held at the army station, and the enemy was asked to come and join on their own initiative, and the princes of the Quartet no longer dared to bully and insult.
Hatred is companionship. Fang is Fang Guo.
Idle is a fence. There are lookouts and railings on top of the car, so it is said that "Linchong is leisurely".
"Yu Yu guó" refers to the ancient war to cut off the left ear of a captive to count the merits. Yes, that's what it is. Yu, the military war is also broken.
It is a kind of "祃", that is, a sacrifice is held in the place where the army is stationed. Zheng Xuan's note said: Yu, the teacher is also a sacrifice. It is a sacrifice in the army.
In the third paragraph, it is described that after King Wen conquered the secret country, he built a spiritual platform in the local area, which raised a lot of birds, insects and fish for people to enjoy. The poem consists of five chapters, each with four verses.
Lingtai" through the beginning of the Lingtai, through the camp. The common people attack it, and it will not be successful.
Don't be anxious at the beginning, the common people come. The king is in the confinement of the spirit, and the deer is in wait.
The deer is wet, and the white bird is white. The king is in the spirit swamp, and the fish jumps in the mot.
The industry is a fir and a drum is a drum. On the drum bell, in the music.
On the drum bell, in the music. The drums meet, and the gongs are played.
麀yōu deer, that is, doe.
翯hè, the feathers are clear. Full, too.
"The Book of Rites: The Imperial System": The university is in the suburbs, the Son of Heaven is called Pidi, and the princes are called the palace.
頖pàn Palace, also known as "Pan Palace".
虡jù is the pillar on which the bell and drum are placed. "Sayings" said: Huh, the bell and drum are also.
Fir, impact. Bell, big bell.
鼉tuó, Chinese alligator.
矇瞍méng sǒu, musician for the blind.