Talk about the Qin Dynasty thoroughly, and talk about 4 key points.
1. How did Qin Shi Huang set up the state system?
2. How did Hu Hai lead to the demise of the country.
3. The situation of Cheng Sheng's Wu Guang uprising.
4, why did Xiang Yu and Liu Bang win?
First, the institutional design of Qin Shi Huang
He came to design the system of the Great Unification Dynasty. At this time, no one has any experience.
He applied the contents of the Shang Dynasty reform to the governance of the newly unified state. The whole country is heavily punished and punished, and the people are sitting. From ** to counties to villages to families, supervision is set up at all levels. For example, county husbands, official husbands, and township husbands. There are more than a dozen kinds of simps in each management link.
The purpose is simple, to control everyone.
In order to prevent the people of the Six Kingdoms and the old aristocracy from making trouble among the people, he issued an order prohibiting the discussion of state affairs and the extermination of public knowledge. He was the first to burn the official history books of the Six Nations and kill intellectuals. Later, he simply sent all the remaining tens of thousands of literati from the Six Kingdoms to build the Great Wall.
In order to prevent the people from rebelling, he confiscated all the metals used by the people for non-agricultural cultivation and made twelve large bronze figures. It was also ordered to destroy the walls and defenses of the former old castles, leaving only the dwellings. He also engaged in infrastructure construction such as roads. Unify weights and measures, writing, and currency.
Militarily, he was not idle, and the Great Wall was built in the north. Pai Meng Tian attacked the Xiongnu in the north, and Wang Jian attacked the Yue in the south. As far as today's Guangzhou.
He named his job Emperor Emperor, which means the rank of the three emperors and the five emperors combined. He told the gods of heaven and earth that they would all obey him. At this time, he had completely forgotten the Taoism of Huaxia, and only had his ambition of immortality.
Second, the reasons for Hu Hai's annihilation.
Qin Shi Huang's stall was too big. In 210 BC, Qin Shi Huang collapsed.
Those designs that seem to bite one ring at a time have actually fallen off their chains everywhere. Hu Hai is also the first emperor in Chinese history. He's also completely inexperienced. At that time, the situation was that "men did not work hard enough to provide food, and women did not have enough to weave for clothing." The social productive forces can't keep up at all.
So what to do, all kinds of large-scale projects are going on day and night, and the imperial expenses are endless, so Hu Hai drove the officials to further oppress the people. He even went so far as to say that "those who kill people are loyal ministers."
The killing of the common people was ruthless, uprisings broke out one after another, and the world was in chaos. Hu Hai couldn't deal with this, and he was afraid of civil strife, so he dealt with his brothers and sisters and forced them to commit suicide one by one. He also listened to Zhao Gao's suggestion, continued to put pressure on local officials, and killed former courtiers and subordinates as if he was finding fault, and killed from ** to the locality. Even the three clans of Li Si were razed. Therefore, even the officials began to rebel.
In the third year of Qin II, Liu Bang entered Wuguan. Hu Hai was also forced to death by his favorite retainer Zhao Gao.
A glorious foundation that has been struggling for more than 560 years has reached its peak in 14 years and then quickly fell into the eternal abyss.
The third article is the significance of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang.
The meaning of their existence is to deny the line of Qin Shi Huang and tell future generations that this road is not possible. At least it has to be adjusted.
After Chen Sheng and Wu Guang rebelled, a large number of princes of the old country came to him, hoping to re-divide the kingdoms. Chen Sheng and Wu Guang were unmoved, and after capturing Huaiyang, Henan, they proclaimed themselves King Zhang Chu. More impact.
The goal of the princes is very clear. They took advantage of the chaos in the world to exert their appeal and reorganize the new force. And Chen Sheng and Wu Guang quickly retreated in the big chess game. In 208 BC, Chen Sheng died.
Fourth, why can Xiang Yu and Liu Bang get up?
Because Xiang Yu is a representative of the nobles who restored the Six Kingdoms and returned to feudalism, he responded to the sergeants and nobles of the Six Kingdoms; Liu Bang, on the other hand, was the representative of the rebellion of the local officials of the Qin Dynasty, and they had rich experience in local organizations.
Death of Qin will be Chu. Xiang Yu, a nobleman of the True Chu State, and Liu Bang, who claimed to be the people of Chu, these two geniuses, were on the tip of the needle. In 207 BC, Liu Bang preemptively captured Xianyang. And three chapters of the law to win the hearts of the people of the world. Later, in the battle for hegemony between Chu and Han, Liu Bang lost nine out of ten battles, but won again.
Okay, tips for this chapter:
1) The small seals of the Qin Dynasty were rarely used even by the officials. The evolution of Chinese writing is based on the folk official script.
2) The Qin people transported grain to the north, but due to the primitive technology and the steep road, it was only possible to deliver 1 stone for every 192 stones consumed, and many people had to die on the way.
3) When there was no one to levy in the Qin Dynasty, men and women were equal. Women also went to the front line to serve, and they also died of exhaustion in batches.