Detail of Li Tang's "Picking the Rose" The Four Masters of the Southern Song Dynasty are the four major painters of the Southern Song Dynasty Painting Academy in the history of Chinese painting: Li Tang, Liu Songnian, Ma Yuan and Xia Gui. Li Tang was slightly earlier, and Liu, Ma, and Xia inherited and developed Li Tang's painting method, which became the mainstream of the Southern Song Dynasty Painting Academy.
The characteristics of their painting style are: Li Tang's painting style is strong and sharp, and the spirit is majestic; Liu Songnian's painting style was influenced by Li Tang, but it was more prominent in terms of neatness. Ma Yuan and Xia Gui inherited Li Tang's brushwork, which is strong and concise, dripping with ink, and the painting style belongs to the bold and concise all the way, and their compositions are mostly close-ups, so they have the reputation of "Ma Yijiao" and "Xia Banbian".
The four masters of the Southern Song Dynasty had a great influence on the Zhejiang School and courtyard landscape painting in the Ming Dynasty.
Li Tang's "Autumn Mountain with Red Leaves": Li Tang, a native of Heyang Sancheng, is famous for his exquisite landscape painting and figure painting skills, as well as his ability to paint cows. Born in 1066 and died in 1150, he experienced the glory of the Song Huizong Dynasty in his life, and experienced many important historical events such as the capture of Bianjing by the Jin soldiers and the restoration of the Southern Song Dynasty Painting Academy.
Li Tang continued to sell paintings for a living, and eventually entered the Southern Song Dynasty Painting Academy and became a painter. His work "Autumn Leaves and Autumn Mountains" is still praised by people today.
Li Tang "Ten Thousand Pine Winds" Li Tang is a master of landscape painting, and his painting style is very different in the Northern Song Dynasty Painting Academy and the Southern Song Dynasty Painting Academy, which may be related to the difference in aesthetic taste and natural scenery between the north and the south.
He initially studied the Northern School painting style, and borrowed the methods of Jing Hao and Fan Kuan, and created works that are vigorous and simple, vigorous and solid, complex and meticulous, and use strong and powerful brushwork to show the majestic momentum of the northern mountains and rivers.
In his later years, he was influenced by the scenery of the south of the Yangtze River and the aesthetic taste of the south, and his painting style became more concise, the brushwork was rough and powerful, and the brushwork was more powerful.
His ink paintings are incisive and vivid, with a single stroke, wide strokes, long and deep strokes, moist ink, and smooth momentum, creating a precedent for the vigorous and vigorous school of ink painting in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Li Tang's painting of water is particularly excellent, showing the interest of the swirling turbulence of the current. He is also good at figure painting, and his early painting style is similar to that of Li Gonglin, and later his folds have become square and stiff, and he has a style of its own.
Li Tang's painting style was widely spread in the Southern Song Dynasty and had a far-reaching influence on later generations. His painting style was taught by Liu Songnian, Ma Yuan, Xia Gui, Xiao Zhao and others, and became the representative of the new landscape painting style of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Li Tang's landscape paintings are rich in existence, including "Ten Thousand Pine Winds", "Godson", "Qingxi Fishing Hidden Map", "Changxiajiang Temple", "Cai Wei Map", "Smoke Temple Pine Wind Map" and so on.
Liu Songnian was a court painter of the Southern Song Dynasty Xiaozong, Guangzong and Ningzong, and he was good at figure and landscape painting, and was known as a "masterpiece" in the painting academy. Liu Songnian was born in Tangxi, Jinhua, Zhejiang, and was rewarded by the emperor for his dedication to the "Cultivation and Weaving Map" and was given a gold belt.
He is Zhang Dunli's **, and Zhang Dunli is the concubine of the eldest princess of Song Yingzong's daughter, the eldest princess of the Qi Kingdom. One of Liu Songnian's masterpieces is "Snow Creek Net Map".
Liu Songnian is an artist who specializes in landscape painting, and his painting style is influenced by Li Tang, Dong Yuan and Ju Ran, with exquisite brushstrokes, elegant instead of vigorous, and skillfully blending ink and green and coloring to create a fresh and beautiful picture.
His works mostly depict the beautiful landscapes of the south of the Yangtze River, such as dense bamboo forests, steep peaks, verdant mountains and clouds and mist scenery. In terms of technique, he absorbed Juran's method of light ink and Qinglan, outlining the shape of the mountain stone with rigid lines, and Li Tang's"The big axe splits"Changed to small strokes"Scrape the iron", and use light ink to make the lines more prominent.
His method of painting pine trees is also unique, first drawing pine needles with an ink pen, and then using grass green dots and compound hooks, forming his own unique style. Because his works mostly depict the beautiful scenery of West Lake, it is called"Small landscapes"。
Zhang Chou once wrote a poem praising Liu Songnian's "Autumn Window Reading Easy Map"."The scenery of the West Lake is in full view, and the beauty is still beautiful; Different from the Huanhua picture drunken, the number of peaks is more beautiful than satin"。
Liu Songnian is not only an outstanding figure painter, but also paints lifelike figures, meticulous clothing, and neat and elegant houses. He was also a patriotic painter, opposed surrender and supported the anti-Jin Dynasty, and once expressed his hope that the ruler would emulate the spirit of Tang Taizong's victory over the Turks and not follow Tang Gaozu's policy of escape and surrender.
In addition, he also painted the "Four Generals of Zhongxing", praising the loyal and patriotic spirit of national heroes such as Yue Fei and Han Shizhong.
Liu Songnian is a famous painter, his representative works include "Four Landscapes" and "Heavenly Maiden Offering Flowers", which are now collected in the National Palace Museum in Taipei; The axis of "Snow Mountain Travel Map" is collected in the Sichuan Provincial Museum; The volume of "The Four Generals of Zhongxing" is also believed to have been created by him, and is currently treasured in the Chinese History Museum.
In addition, he also created many other hand-me-down works, such as "Eighteen Bachelors", "Luohan", "Spring Dawn at West Lake", "Seeing the Captives on the Bridge" and "Hakka Pictures of Xiting".
He was born in a family of painters, was influenced by art since childhood, inherited his family and studied under Li Tang's painting method, formed his own unique artistic style, and became a great painter with originality in the history of Chinese painting.
He served in the painting academies of Guangzong and Ningzong, and was one of the leaders in the history of Chinese painting. Ma Yuan's ancestral hometown was Hezhong, and after the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, his grandfather crossed south with Gaozong Zhao, and Ma Yuan was born and raised in Lin'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty.
His artistic achievements are not only due to his deep family roots, but also because of his own talent and hard work.
Ma Yuan, "Snow in the Cold Rocks": His paintings are widely acclaimed, and he is a talented painter of landscapes, figures, flowers and birds. In his youth, he already showed outstanding artistic talent, and the figure paintings he painted in his 20s were awarded the imperial inscription by Song Gaozong.
Ma Yuan's figure painting is unique and innovative, he breaks through the traditional painting method, and depicts the form and spirit through the figure and dynamics, achieving a concise and vivid artistic effect. He often uses a dignified bald brush to depict the faces of the figures and the natural environment, while the lines of his clothes are like painting tree branches, slightly trembling and intermittent, showing a simple and elegant style.
His paintings of flowers and birds are often set against the backdrop of landscapes, blending with affection, full of vitality and vitality. His pavilion boundary paintings are delicate and exquisite, and they are also dyed to make the picture more vivid.
"Fishing Hidden Picture" is a representative work of Southern Song Dynasty landscape painting, the author Ma Yuan with strong brushwork and unique "axe splitting" skills, showing solid and strange mountains and rocks, his landscape painting ink color is dripping, the pen is strong, the form is tough, the shape is distinct.
The leaves in the painting are often in the form of clips, and the trunks are depicted in a horizontal and oblique manner, revealing the characteristics of old and heavy. Ma Yuan is even more ingenious in painting water, using different brushstrokes of light and heavy, and is good at expressing various forms of water, such as flat, roundabout, circling, surging, colliding, jumping, as well as the ripples blown by the breeze and the ripples reflected by the moonlight, which are vivid and touching.
Ma Yuan's "Landscape Figures" is unique, breaking the "panoramic" composition of mountains and rivers since the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty, taking a corner of the mountain and a corner of the water, showing the whole with parts, generalizing from the partially, and seeing the big from the small, so as to highlight the artistic effect of the close-up.
The large area of space in the picture allows the far-reaching, vast and ethereal beauty of the vast world to be displayed, so it is known as "the corner of the horse". Critics often refer to Ma Yuan's paintings as "remnants of mountains and rivers", which is a compliment to his unique painting style.
His painting style is distinctive, or the cliff goes straight up but does not see the top, or the cliff goes straight down but does not see the feet, or the mountains are close to the sky and the distant mountains are low, or the four sides are empty and only one fishing boat is depicted.
This kind of picture processing makes the picture have a strong three-dimensional sense and gives people endless space for reverie.
Ma Yuan, a treasure in the history of Chinese painting, to"The ink is vigorous"The style of painting is praised. His hand-me-down works are rich and colorful, including flower and bird paintings such as "Gathering Birds in Willow Pond" and "Plum Stone Stream", as well as figure paintings such as "Female Filial Piety Sutra", "Chinese Lantern Banquet", "Autumn River Fishing Hidden Picture", as well as landscape paintings such as "Fishing Alone in the Cold River", "Walking Song", "Spring Travel on the Mountain Path", "Snow Cover in Cold Rocks" and "Plum Blossom Book House".
His paintings are not only highly skilled, but also convey his love of life and awe of nature.
1.Xia Gui, whose name is Yuyu, was a master painter in the Southern Song Dynasty. He is famous for his landscape paintings, and is known as Ma Yuan"Marsha"。His works are distinguished by unique"View of the corners"It is deeply loved by people.
Emperor Ningzong once bestowed a gold belt on him in recognition of his artistic achievements. 2.Xia Gui, from Lin'an, was a great painter of the Southern Song Dynasty. In his early years, he painted figure paintings, but later his landscape paintings became famous.
He took Li Tang's landscape painting as his teacher, and also absorbed the painting style of Fan Kuan, Mi Fu and Mi Youren, and finally formed his own unique artistic style. His works are known as the Southern Song Dynasty"View of the corners"A representative work of the painting school.
3.Xia Gui, whose name is Yuyu, was a famous painter in the Southern Song Dynasty. He is known for his landscape paintings, along with Ma Yuan"Marsha"。His works are unique in style to paint"View of the corners"And famous.
He was honored by Emperor Ningzong with a gold belt, which was a high recognition of his artistic achievements. 4.Xia Gui, from Hangzhou, Zhejiang, was an outstanding painter during the Southern Song Dynasty.
He is famous for his landscape paintings, and is known along with Ma Yuan"Marsha"。His works are distinguished by unique"View of the corners"It is deeply loved by people. He was once given a gold belt by Emperor Ningzong, which was a high recognition of his artistic achievements.
Xia Gui is one of the leading ancient Chinese painters, and his "West Lake Willow Boat Drawing" not only shows his unique style of ink and wash, but also integrates the painting methods of Li Tang, Fan Kuan and Mi Fu to create his own mud and water, and the ink is striking.
His painting style is concise and far-reaching, and he pays more attention to the pursuit of "plain and naïve" literati painting. Xia Gui is good at using bald brushes, painting style is old and majestic, good at adjusting water with ink, and bringing water to make a big axe to split, so he is known as the pioneer of "dragging mud with water".
In terms of composition, he is good at using corner scenes, so later generations call him "Xia Banbian".
Xia Gyu's "Cold Forest vs. Snow" left a deep impression on people with its unique composition and expressive imagery. His paintings are multi-purpose"Count white as black"The technique simplifies the picture into a concise and concise main image and a large amount of white space, and shows a strong contrast between the virtual and the real through the echoing of the corners and the balance of the diagonals.
When refining the scenery, Xia Gui pursues simplicity and uses a small number of scenery to highlight the artistic conception, rather than directly depicting the artistic conception. His subjects are mostly based on the scenery of the water towns in the south of the Yangtze River and the West Lake, and he is especially good at depicting snow scenes and wind and rain weather.
Xia Gui and Ma Yuan were both painted in the Southern Song Dynasty"View of the corners"Famous painters, but their style of painting is different. Ma Yuan pays more attention to the depiction of close-up scenes, the facial features of the characters are clear, the posture is vivid, and the depiction of the pavilion is fine, while Xia Gui pays more attention to the distant position of the scene.
Wang Meng, Ni Zhan, Huang Gongwang, and Wu Zhen each have their own characteristics in the Yuan Dynasty's painting style, and in their works, they use detailed and vivid figure painting, almost unmanned scene depictions, and stick brush figure painting.
These characteristics are clearly influenced by Xia Gyu, and their works also reflect Xia Gyu's empty images and abbreviated style. Xia Gui's works include "Autumn Tide in Qiantang", "Cold Forest vs. Snow", "Clear Views of Streams and Mountains", "Willow Boat in West Lake", "Hakka in Xuetang" and "Yanxiu Forest Dwelling", etc., all of which are his representative works.
Xia Gui's "Yanxiu Forest Dwelling" outlines the mountain scenery with delicate brushstrokes, which makes people yearn for it.