Welcome to follow me, together with history and today, talk about the world's major events. In the early morning of August 23, 1735, the chief eunuch found out the secret edict of the prince, which was read by Zhang Tingyu under the light, and Prince Libao Hongli was the crown prince and inherited the throne.
In accordance with Yongzheng's edict, Hongli appointed Yunlu, Yunli, Ortai, and Zhang Tingyu as auxiliary ministers. So, does this secret edict match the list of imperial books behind the "Zhengda Guangming" plaque?
At the age of twenty-five, Hongli became the new monarch of the Qing Empire. In the process, he was faced with the question of what to do with the political legacy of his father, Emperor Yongzheng.
This is a challenge that any ** person must face. There are generally three ways to deal with the political legacy of predecessors: accept it in its entirety, overturn it in its entirety, accept it in part, and change it.
Hongli knows that any ** person has his own governing philosophy and ideas, and hopes to leave his own traces in history, and is unwilling to live in the shadow of his predecessors.
But he also understands that how to deal with the legacy of his predecessors is not only about the stability of power, the continuity of policies, and the vested interests of small groups, but also about how future successors will face the problems of the policies they have formulated.
Therefore, he chose to accept it all, but in practice, he adapted it to the time and local conditions, put new wine in old bottles, and implemented his own political ideas and policy measures.
Qianlong: The strategy and skill of a smart ** person The day after Yongzheng's death, Qianlong issued an edict, announcing that he would inherit the unfinished business of the imperial examination, and promised to maintain the continuity of policies to maintain the stability of the regime.
The governing philosophy and style of the predecessor constitute the political legacy, which includes three major parts: personnel, finance, and old contradictions. Among them, the personnel issue is the most important, and the financial issue is also related to the national economic policy, which is an important political issue.
The old contradictions are the touchstone for testing the ability of the people to govern, and for all strata of society, this is the issue they are most concerned about. On the day he took over the imperial power, Qianlong appointed Yunlu, Yunli, Ortai, and Zhang Tingyu as auxiliary ministers, and the support of these four ministers was crucial to whether Qianlong could sit firmly in the country.
Therefore, Qianlong fully accepted and co-opted these four ministers, especially Ortai and Zhang Tingyu, the two leading figures of the Manchu and Han ministers. However, it was easy for these four ministers to take advantage of the derivative power of the old emperor to form interest groups and form constraints on the new emperor.
In order to implement his own policy, Qianlong decided to use a handy newcomer, so in the second year after Yunli's death, Qianlong dismissed Yunlu from the post of Minister of Parliament, breaking the situation of the four ministers and auxiliary ministers.
However, Ortai and Zhang Tingyu were the leaders of the Manchu and Han ministers, and their power was still strong. Qianlong believed that Ortai and Zhang Tingyu were attached to Manchuria and Han respectively, and even some high-ranking ** were involved.
In order to prevent this from happening, Qianlong decided to break the boundaries between the Manchus and the Han and establish a cross-ethnic **. This decision was a difficult challenge for Qianlong, but he eventually succeeded in achieving his goal.
1.The two groups are intertwined and deeply entangled in history, and they cannot be easily changed. In order to maintain the stability of imperial power, he acted cautiously and adopted a strategy of gradual weakening, and it took 10 years to successfully withdraw the two groups from the core of power.
2.Qianlong's handling of the Yun Xi case and Zeng Jing's case showed his unique attitude and thinking towards the political legacy of the previous dynasty. The Yun Xi case and Zeng Jing case are two of the most influential cases of the Yongzheng Dynasty.
For the Yunxi group that competed with him for the throne, Yongzheng adopted a severe crackdown policy; As for Zeng Jing's submission of a letter against the Qing Dynasty, Yongzheng adopted a strategy of forgiveness.
However, after taking office, Qianlong adopted a policy contrary to Yongzheng, adopting leniency in the Yun Xi case and harsh measures in the Zeng Jing case. 3.When dealing with the Yun Xi case, Qianlong ordered a new discussion on how to deal with it, because the issue involved his father, Yongzheng.
The ministers discussed for a month and did not come to a clear conclusion. Qianlong personally came forward and cited the case of the Kangxi Dynasty to include the descendants of Aqina, Seth Hei and others into the jade.
In this way, he not only changed the policy of his father, but also avoided the accusation of unfilial piety, and skillfully reversed the case for the Yunyu group. 4.In the treatment of Zeng Jing's case, Qianlong continued to use the banner of Yongzheng and changed Yongzheng's policy.
He ordered Zeng Jing and Zhang Xisuo to be brought into Beijing, although this was against Yongzheng's will, but this could not only prevent verbal attacks on Zeng Jing and others, but also maintain the dignity of imperial power.
Qianlong demonstrated his political wisdom. He explained that Lu Liuliang slandered his grandfather, so his father killed him; And Zeng Jing slandered his father, so his father chose to forgive.
He must follow his father's routine in dealing with Lü Liuliang's case, clarify Zeng Jing's crimes, and severely punish the rebellious leaders in order to appease the anger of his subjects. Eventually, he had the two executed on December 19.
Qianlong's forgiveness of the Yunxi group was to see the political situation at that time. After Yongzheng's suppression, the members of the Yunxi group have no longer threatened, and if the case is overturned for them at this time, it can not only establish his name of leniency, but also help strengthen the unity of the clan and support for him.
However, he severely punished Zeng Jing's case in order to suppress the rising emotions and maintain the monopoly and majesty of imperial power. On how to deal with the political legacy of the Yongzheng Dynasty, Qianlong once said: "At the beginning of my ascension to the throne, I always took my father's thoughts and policies as the guideline. ”
But in reality, he adopted a pragmatic strategy that respects tradition without conformism. This strategy was also commonly employed by wise successors throughout the dynasties.
Qianlong was wary of the clique of friends, and even without solid evidence, took drastic measures to severely punish any attempt to dig into the corners of power. Even those who are as meritorious as Han Xin, talented as He Shen, and traitorous as Qin Hui must pay the price.
Qianlong's suspicion and prejudice made him suspicious of Honghui, the son of the crown prince of the previous dynasty, and thought that he had the intention of seizing the throne. Although Honghui did not have direct evidence of rebellion, he was severely punished for his selfish behavior.
Qianlong's real intention was to eliminate future troubles and prevent any threat to imperial power. Soon after, the Zongren Mansion Funing exposed Honghui, who once asked the fortune teller about Antai, whether Dzungar could hit Beijing, whether the world was peaceful, what was the emperor's lifespan, and whether he could rise in the future.
After interrogation, these things were true. Honghui was expelled from the clan and imprisoned forever, while Yunlu was fined five years. This was Qianlong's severe punishment of the group of friends, who resolutely upheld imperial power and did not allow anyone to threaten his rule.
Of the four questions asked by Honghui, the first two are about current affairs and cannot be added to the crime. When asked about the emperor's lifespan, it can be seen as a concern for the physical condition of Emperor Qianlong. Whether you can be promoted in the future is not necessarily that you want to be the emperor, but it can also be understood as asking about the career prospects.
Emperor Qianlong's attitude towards Honghui actually reflects such a picture of power hell: Emperor Qianlong, as the honor of Long Live Heaven, is like falling into the mortal world, thinking that everyone has a ghost in their hearts; And Honghui and others were bewitched by power, became imps who did not know whether to live or die, constantly challenged the emperor's authority, touched the tail of the tiger, and finally fell into the abyss of hell.